El Concepto social y contexto laboral afrodescendiente de etnia en Centroamérica

El ámbito laboral afrodescendiente en Centroamérica aún con iniciativas internacionales para salvaguardar las garantías sociales, presenta desigualdades que impiden a los individuos alcanzar sus ideales ( Saad & Abramo, (2017), según Bello & Rangel, (2000)). La investigación plantea el objetivo principal de examinar el concepto social y el contexto laboral afrodescendiente de las etnias en Centroamérica. El estudio se realizó mediante una metodología documental descriptiva de enfoque sociológico, con soporte información bibliográfico y documentos digitales. Entre los resultados obtenidos se describió la concepción social de la etnia por organismos internacionales en Centroamérica; se Interpretaron las iniciativas de los organismos internacionales hacia los grupos afrodescendientes, se contrastó la situación laboral y se definió la reputación de los grupos afrodescendientes en relación a plazas laborales. Entre las consideraciones finales se obtuvieron evidencias que indican que; el concepto de etnia y los planteamientos existentes a nivel gubernamental y de la sociedad civil han de ser manejados en consenso para la toma de decisiones que beneficien cada vez más a esta población.The Afro-descendant labor field in Central America, even with international initiatives to ensuresocial guarantees, has inequalities that prevent individuals from achieving their ideals(Saad&Abramo, (2017), According to Bello &Rangel, (2000)). The research raises the main objective of examining the social concept and the Afro-descended labor context of ethnic groups in Central America. The study was carried out using a descriptive methodology of sociological approach, with bibliographic information support and digital documents. Among the results obtained, the social conception of the ethnic group by international organizations inCentral America was described; the initiatives of international organizations towards Afro-descendant groups were interpreted, the labor situation was contrasted and the reputation of Afro-descended groups was defined relatedto job positions. Among the final considerations, evidence was obtained that indicates that the concept of ethnicity and existing approaches at the governmental and civil society levels have to be managed in consensus to make decisions that increasingly benefit this population

A defined benefit pension plan model with stochastic salary and heterogeneous discounting

We study the time-consistent investment and contribution policies in a defined benefit stochastic pension fund where the manager discounts the instantaneous utility over a finite planning horizon and the final function at constant but different instantaneous rates of time preference. This difference, which can be motivated for some uncertainties affecting payoffs at the end of the planning horizon, will induce a variable bias between the relative valuation of the final function and the previous payoffs and will lead the manager to show time-inconsistent preferences. Both the benefits and the contribution rate are proportional to the total wage of the workers that we suppose is stochastic. The aim is to maximize a CRRA utility function of the net benefit relative to salary in a bounded horizon and to maximize a CRRA final utility of the fund level relative to the salary. The problem is solved by means of dynamic programming techniques, and main results are illustrated numerically

Plataforma docente para la enseñanza de las TIC, basada en la maqueta de un puente colgante

El presente PFC surge de la idea de generar un paquete de prácticas de programación, electrónica, automatización y robótica básica orientadas a la asignatura de Tecnología impartida en diferentes cursos de educación secundaria obligatoria. Aunque en principio estas prácticas se orientan a secundaria, la idea es extenderlas para su uso en los primeros cursos de Ingeniería Industrial y de Telecomunicación. La razón de utilizar Arduino como herramienta educativa viene dada por su fácil manejo, compatible con una gran capacidad de control electrónico. Arduino reduce considerablemente el tiempo de diseño electrónico así como la programación de su microcontrolador. Estamos ante una plataforma muy intuitiva a la que se le puede sacar mucho provecho. Vemos como poco a poco Arduino se va abriendo camino en robótica, sistemas de comunicaciones, domótica, telemática y un largo etcétera. En un futuro no muy lejano y gracias a sus características podremos apostar en esta herramienta como una oportunidad de negocio, implantándola en ámbitos de automatización y comunicaciones industriales, creación de juguetes, así como la programación y manejo de impresoras 3D. Es por tanto una herramienta de trabajo apropiada para el uso docente, pero con una gran proyección en otros ámbitos. El modelo de trabajo propuesto es ir generando un conjunto de prácticas de dificultad creciente, empezando por montajes muy sencillos, con programas muy simples, adaptados a los primeros de años de la educación secundaria e ir añadiendo complejidad de forma progresiva. La última práctica es un pequeño proyecto de automatización, que puede adaptarse a las necesidades de cada centro docente. En esta práctica, además de Arduino se utilizan otros recursos, como son AVR Studio, Fritzing y Pololu 3pi. De esta manera, partiendo desde la instalación del IDE Arduino iremos viajando a través de sencillas prácticas hasta ser capaces de controlar un circuito con un cruce, cuatro semáforos, cuatro barreras y un puente levadizo. Así mismo explicaremos cómo “manejar” Arduino con LabVIEW. Según esto, la presente memoria está organizada de la siguiente manera: · Introducción a Arduino y estudio de la placa Arduino UNO · Redacción de prácticas Arduino y diseño con Fritzing · Arduino y LabVIEW · Estudio y programación del robot Pololu3pi · Aplicación práctica en una maquetaEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de TelecomunicaciónUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

Integrating business, social, and environmental goals in open innovation through partner selection

Although collaborative networks (CN) are widespread in academia and have come to be even more used in corporations all over the world, they still face several challenges on behalf of the new product development (NPD) context, especially in regard to the selection of the CN’s right partner. This becomes even more evident when it comes to promoting sustainable development goals within a CN’s activities, by selecting the right partners with a wide consensus from a CN’s management board, avoiding, therefore, the subjectivity around managers’ perception of a CN’s partner selection. Therefore, this work attempts to answer this problem, by presenting a soft-computing-based framework, to support the managers’ board on partner search and selection. The method presented here is further assessed by using a case study, based on the development of a green product, where, according to the obtained results, it is demonstrated that the proposed approach is extremely effective for partner selection, by assessing and prioritizing each candidate involved. The most suitable candidate that fulfills the CN’s requirements is then selected to be integrated as a future partner.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Proposal of a holistic framework to support sustainability of new product innovation processes

UIDB/00667/2020The survival of companies in globalized and highly competitive markets, heavily depends on their ability to innovate through the creation of new products and/or services, supported by sustainable processes to prevent business failure. There are many factors regarding the interface company/stakeholders/market at all hierarchical levels, which have a major contribution to sustain innovation in processes regarding the creation of new products and services. A holistic approach of all these factors, as a whole, has not been a subject of scientific research conducting to the necessity of creating a proposal of a framework that can be integrated and systemic. Thus, this paper aims to propose a functional holistic model, which integrates the strategic, organizational and operational levels regarding market business and company interaction, as well as the set of factors to take into account to guarantee assurance that innovative processes are sustained, when new products and/or services are created or improved. Conducted through an investigation of the state of the art, by literature review, a comprehensive and integrated conceptual model was built in a deductive-inductive way. Then, the conceptual model was validated through four case studies. Finally, it was found that the conceptual framework became functional, because its applicability has been successfully tested in a business environment. As a result, the tool developed here, can be useful to measure and evaluate projects dedicated to companies that innovate in a sustainable way.publishersversionpublishe

Influence of silvopastoral systems on the distribution of ticks in livestock farms in tropical dry forest

P?ginas 38-40.La corta de ?rboles en pasturas ha sido implementada en algunas regiones como una medida de control sanitario, ya que muchos productores creen dicen que los ectopar?sitos han sido encontrados bajo los ?rboles. El objetivo de este estudio fue generar informaci?n sobre la distribuci?n de garrapatas en el suelo de fincas ganaderas en el tr?pico seco. Este estudio fue realizado en cuatro fincas ganaderas de la provincia de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. La influencia de la cobertura de ?rboles individuales, en grupos, en cercas vivas y pasturas abiertas establecidas en pasturas de Brachiaria brizantha y Hyparrhenia rufa fueron evaluados. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p = 0,77) en el n?mero de sitios con larvas de garrapatas larvas o en el total de n?mero de larvas en el suelo (p = 0,18) entre sistemas silvopastoriles y pasturas abiertas. Se encontr? una relaci?n significativa entre el n?mero total de larvas en el suelo y la presencia de ?rboles dispersos en la pastura (p=0,002), la humedad relativa (p=0,004) y la temperatura del aire (p=0,005). Se encontr? una relaci?n negativa entre el n?mero de sitios con larvas de garrapatas en el suelo y el ?rea de cobertura de dosel (p = 0,03). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la poblaci?n de larvas en el suelo bajo la cobertura de dosel entre sistemas silvopastoriles y pasturas abiertas, a pesar de encontrarse diferencias microclim?ticas (temperatura del aire y humedad relativa) entre estos sitios.ABSTRACT. The elimination of trees in pastures has been implemented in some regions as a control measurement due to lives-tock farmers think ectoparasites are found under tree canopy. The objective of the study was to generate information regarding the influence of tree cover in silvopastoral systems on tick distribution in soil of livestock (cattle) farms in the dry tropics. The influence of individual trees and trees in groups and live fences and open Brachiaria brizantha y Hyparrhenia rufa pastures was evaluated. No statistical differences (p=0.77) in the number of sites with tick larvae of or in the total number of larvae in soil (p = 0.18) between silvopastoral systems and open pastures. A significant relationship between the total number of tick larvae in the soil and presence of individual trees in pastures (p = 0.002), the relative humidity (p=0.004) and air?s temperature (p=0.005). A negative relationship was found between the number of sites with tick larvae in the soil and canopy tree area. No significant differences in larvae population in soil under tree cover between silvopastoral systems and open pastures, despite microclimatic conditions (air?s temperature and relative humidity) between both sites

Integrating business, social, and environmental goals in open innovation through partner selection

Although collaborative networks (CN) are widespread in academia and have come to be even more used in corporations all over the world, they still face several challenges on behalf of the new product development (NPD) context, especially in regard to the selection of the CN’s right partner. This becomes even more evident when it comes to promoting sustainable development goals within a CN’s activities, by selecting the right partners with a wide consensus from a CN’s management board, avoiding, therefore, the subjectivity around managers’ perception of a CN’s partner selection. Therefore, this work attempts to answer this problem, by presenting a soft-com-puting-based framework, to support the managers’ board on partner search and selection. The method presented here is further assessed by using a case study, based on the development of a green product, where, according to the obtained results, it is demonstrated that the proposed approach is extremely effective for partner selection, by assessing and prioritizing each candidate involved. The most suitable candidate that fulfills the CN’s requirements is then selected to be integrated as a future partner.publishersversionpublishe