Remoção de cipermetrina presente no banho de gado utilizando poças construídas

Ectoparasite control in the livestock sector involves the use of chemicals to prevent production losses. In small farms that produce milk in the Córdoba department, the use of the pumping system for the cattle bath is common between farmers. In this work, cypermethrin degradation efficiency was evaluated in three lab-scale subsurface flow constructed wetland planted with Limnocharis flava, Cyperus papyrus and Alpinia purpurata sp., and one unplanted system, all of the beds were gravel based; then, total suspended solids and total phosphorus retention, and elimination of chemical oxygen demand were measured as water quality parameters. The wastewater was pretreated in a descending-ascending slow sand filter, and then was conducted to a wetland continuous flow fed at 7 ml/min. Limnocharis flava bed was higher for the degradation of organic compounds, with 97.9 ± 2.5 % and 69.1 ± 3.7 % for cypermethrin and chemical oxygen demand respectively, with statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) respect to unplanted bed. The higher SST removal were found in the Cyperus papyrus wetland, with 62,0 %, however, no differences were observed with the other evaluated planted systems, as opposed these were significantly higher than unplanted wetlands.El control de ectoparásitos en el sector ganadero implica el uso de productos químicos para prevenir pérdidas en la producción. En las pequeñas fincas productoras de leche del departamento de Córdoba, el uso del sistema de bombeo para el baño del ganado es habitual en las actividades agropecuarias. En este trabajo se evaluó la eficiencia de degradación de cipermetrina en tres humedales construidos de flujo subsuperficial horizontal a escala de laboratorio, plantados con las especies Limnocharis flava, Cyperus papyrus y Alpinia purpurata sp., y un sistema sin plantar. De igual forma, se determinó la retención de sólidos suspendidos totales (SST), fósforo total (PT) y demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) como indicadores del recurso hídrico. Inicialmente, la muestra fue sometida a un tratamiento primario con filtro de arena, flujo descendente-ascendente, y posteriormente un tratamiento en el sistema de humedales operado bajo flujo continuo de 7 ml/min. El humedal que contenía la especie Limnocharis flava presentó mejores resultados para la degradación de compuestos orgánicos con 97,9 ± 2,5 % (cipermetrina) y 69,1 ± 3,7 % (DQO), con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) respecto al sistema sin plantar. Las remociones más altas de SST seobservaron en los humedales con Cyperus papyrus,hasta 62,0 %, aunque no se presentaron diferencias con los otros sistemas plantados evaluados, estas fueron significativamente mayores a los humedales sin plantar.O controle de ectoparasitos no sector pecuario implica o uso de produtos quimicos para prevenir perdas na producao. Nos pequenos sitios produtores de leite do departamento de Cordoba, o uso do sistema de bombeamento para o banho do gado e habitual nas atividades agropecuarias. Em este trabalho avaliou-se a eficiencia de degradacao de cipermetrina em tres pocas construidas de fluxo sub-superficial horizontal a escala de laboratorio, semeados com as especies Limnocharis flava, Cyperus papyrus e Alpinia purpurata sp., e um sistema sem plantar. De igual forma, se determinou a retencao de solidos suspendidos totais (SST), fosforo total (PT) e demanda quimica de oxigenio (DQO) como indicadores do recurso hidrico. A amostra inicialmente foi submetida a um tratamento  primario com filtro de areia, fluxo descendenteascendente, para posterior tratamento no sistema de pocas operado baixo fluxo continuo de 7 ml/min. O poca que continha a especie Limnocharis flava apresentou melhores resultados para a degradacao de compostos organicos com 97,9 } 2,5 % (cipermetrina) e 69,1 } 3,7 % (DQO), com diferencas estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) a respeito ao sistema sem plantar. As remocoes mas altas de SST se observaram nas pocas com Cyperus papyrus, hasta 62,0 %, porem nao se apresentaram diferencas com os outros sistemas semeados avaliados, estas foram significativamente maiores as pocas sem plantar.

Thiosteranes in samples impacted by fecal materials and their potential use as marker of sewage input

International audienceSewage impacted soil, sludge and water samples were studied to understand the occurrence and formation of thiosteranes and to determine the relevance of these compounds as tracers for sewage input into the environment. Soils were collected from wastewater irrigation fields (Wroclaw, Poland), water from the Nexapa River Basin (Mexico), which also received wastewater and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, and water and sludge from the Norman WWTP (USA) at different treatment stages. Thiosteranes represented a high proportion of the steroid fraction in the Wroclaw irrigation field and the Nexapa River Basin samples. Small amounts of thiosteranes were found in anaerobically digested sludge from the Norman WWTP. A good correlation between coprostanone and thiosterane concentrations suggests thiosteranes were produced by stanone sulphurization under anoxic conditions. Thiosterane stability under anoxic and suboxic conditions indicates their potential use as tracers for environmental input of sewage products or land application of sewage sludge

Sea Cucumber as Bioindicator of Trace Metal Pollution in Coastal Sediments

Sea cucumbers are fished worldwide for export to Asia, but few studies have evaluated metal pollution and risk assessment. This study assessed concentration of trace metals and the potential ecological risk in sea cucumber (Holothuria floridana) and sediments at the Cispatá Bay, in the Caribbean Coast of Colombia. The trace metal concentrations in biota and sediments showed a similar decreasing trend as follows: Cu > Zn > Hg > Pb > Cd. The highest bioconcentration factor was found for Hg, and according to the sediment quality guidelines, Cu levels indicate adverse biological effects in the ecosystem. In this regard, Cu levels were higher than effects range low and the threshold effect levels (TEL) and lowest effect level in all the stations, whereas Hg levels were higher than TEL in most of them. Results for health risk assessment based on the maximum allowable daily consumption rate (CRlim) suggest that there is no risk to adults; however, children should limit or avoid its consumption. Results from multivariate statistical analysis suggest that agricultural activities (i.e., application of fertilizers and agrochemicals) were identified as the main anthropogenic sources of metal pollution. This research suggest that sea cucumber could be used as a bioindicator species in studies of monitoring metal contamination, with special attention to the highly significant correlation between Zn in tissue and sediments. This study also reveals that anthropic activities may have negative effects in the quality of the sediments of the bay and contributing to the knowledge of metal accumulation in sea cucumber.The authors want to thank the University of Córdoba, Montería-Colombia, the Applied and Environmental Water Chemistry Group, and the Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Management.Peer reviewe

Componentes esteroidales del Solanum chamaeacanthum Griseb. Parte II. Chamagenina, una nueva sapogenina esteroidal

A new spirostanic sapogenin named chamagenin has been isolated from the leaves and stems of Solanum chamaeacanthum, and its structure has been elucidated by spectral data as (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β,15α diol.

Algunos componentes esteroidales del solanum havanense jacq

A new steroidal alkaloid named acetyl etioline has been isolated from leaves, roots and stems of Solanum havanense and its structure elucidated by spectral data as (25 S)-16 α-acetoxi-22.26-epiminocholesta-5.22(N)-dien-3 β -ol.It is also reported the presence of O(3)- β-D-glucopyranosyl-tomatidenol.-

Valorization of Sargassum Biomass as Potential Material for the Remediation of Heavy-Metals-Contaminated Waters

Sargassum algae has become a major environmental issue due to its abundance in the Pacific Ocean with hundreds of tons reaching the beaches of the Mexican Caribbean every year. This generates large quantities of decomposing organic matter that have a negative impact on the region’s economy and ecosystems. Sargassum valorization has turned out to be a fundamental aspect to mitigate its environmental impact. This study proposes the use and application of untreated Sargassum biomass for the decontamination of waters polluted with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) through single and binary adsorption tests. Physicochemical and textural properties examined by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR elucidated that Sargassum biomass is viable to be used as a potential environmental benign adsorbent, exhibiting Cd(II) and Pb(II) adsorption capacities as high as 240 mg g−1 and 350 mg g−1, respectively, outperforming conventionally used adsorbents. This is attributed to its morphology, favorable surface charge distribution, and the presence of -OH and -COH groups. A strong affinity between the biomass and metal pollutants was evidenced by a thermodynamics study, showing a spontaneous and endothermic process. This work sets a practical route for the utilization of the Sargassum biomass, demonstrating its applicability as a potential material for heavy-metal-polluted water remediation, making a substantial contribution to a circular economy system