Exponente de escalamiento en turbulencia homogénea isotrópica y cortante

Usando una malla activa simila a los diseños de Makita presentados en [1] y dos mallas pasivas, fueron caracterizados dos tipos de flujos turbulentos homogéneos, uno isotrópico y el otro cortante, por sus características estadísticas, sus espectros de energía y sus funciones de estructura. Los flujos fueron generados en un túnel de viento horizontal, de succión y de ciclo abierto con sección transversal de 91 × 91 cm2 y de longitud de 9,1 m. Las mallas pasivas consistieron en un conjunto de barras cuadradas dispuestas de manera perpendicular a la dirección del flujo, con una separación entre las barras de 2,6 cm y 10,16 cm. La malla activa consistió en un arreglo de barras redondas con paletas cuadradas sujetas a las barras, que giran de manera aleatoria con una separación entre las barras de 12,1 cm. El número de Reynolds basado en la escala de Taylor Reλ varió en el rango entre 150 y 2000. El sistema de medición fue anemometría de hilo caliente con sensores TSI 1241 y TSI 1210 en conjunto con anemómetros de temperatura constante Dantec 55M01. Todas las se˜nales fueron filtradas para eliminar ruidos de alta y baja frecuencia y digitalizadas con un convertidor A/D (análogo a digital) de 16 bits

Local energy communities modelling and optimisation considering storage, demand configuration and sharing strategies: a case study in Valencia (Spain)

[EN] Local energy communities require tools to select their most fitting community members, power-sharing strategy and technologies for their goals. This work aims to develop a model and a methodology to optimise local energy communities. We evaluate the presence of a battery energy storage system with different capacities and ownership options. Besides, we test two different sharing strategies like static and variable coefficients. Finally, we characterise local energy communities' demand by comparing residential and commercial loads and varying the number of consumption points. We apply the method to a case study consisting of a 100 kWp photovoltaic installation in Valencia simulated with an hourly resolution for a whole year. We use real consumption data from households and commercial buildings and the current administrative requirements, obtaining the flows and status of each component within the local energy community at every moment. We assess each alternative's economic performance, autarchy degree, and the amount of avoided greenhouse gasses emissions. Results indicate that a local energy community well optimised can fulfil economic, environmental or self-consumption goals. Results only advise installing a storage to increase the degree of self-consumption. Moreover, we obtain the best financial and environmental results in large communities with a 75% residential consumption.This is an extended and updated version of a paper originally presented at the 16th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES 2021) held in Dubrovnik, Croatia over the period 10th to 15th October 2021 (denoted then as paper SDEWES2021.00668 Evaluation of the participation of residential and commercial consumers in Energy Communities, a case study in Valencia, Spain). This work was supported in part by the Spanish public administration under grant FPU2016/00962, by the PURPOSED project (ref: PID2021-128822OB-I00), financed by the Spanish State Investigation Agency. And by the Catedra de Transicion Energetica Urbana (Las Naves-VCiE-UPV).Manso-Burgos, Á.; Ribó-Pérez, DG.; Gómez-Navarro, T.; Alcázar-Ortega, M. (2022). Local energy communities modelling and optimisation considering storage, demand configuration and sharing strategies: a case study in Valencia (Spain). Energy Reports. 8:10395-10408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.08.1811039510408

Local Energy Communities in Spain: Economic Implications of the New Tariff and Variable Coefficients

[EN] The European Union advocates for legislative support to local energy communities. Measures include the promotion of dynamic energy allocation and discriminatory electricity tariffs such as the recent Spanish framework. However, the impact of these normative changes is not yet evaluated. This paper inquires into the impact of dynamic allocation coefficient and different electricity tariffs on the profitability of local energy communities. To do so, a linear optimisation model is developed and applied to real consumer data in Spain around a variable capacity photovoltaic generation plant. Comparing the economic performance of the static or variable power allocation under the effect of changing electricity tariffs. While both measures are beneficial, the new electricity tariffs result in larger profitability increases than the planned variable coefficients. The combination of measures allows for profitability improvements of up to 25% being complementary measures. However, installations that maximise the potential for electricity generation are still not as profitable due to the low purchase price of surplus energy. While discriminatory electricity price tariffs and variable allocation coefficients are positive measures, further measures are needed for these communities to install generation plants as large as the potential that each case allows.This work was supported in part by the Spanish public administration under the grant FPU2016/00962 and by the Catedra de Transicion Energetica Urbana (Las Naves-FVCiE-UPV)Manso-Burgos, Á.; Ribó-Pérez, DG.; Alcázar-Ortega, M.; Gómez-Navarro, T. (2021). Local Energy Communities in Spain: Economic Implications of the New Tariff and Variable Coefficients. Sustainability. 13(19):1055-1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910555S10551073131

Monitoring of Trough Plasma Ganciclovir Levels and Peripheral Blood Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-Specific CD8+ T Cells To Predict CMV DNAemia Clearance in Preemptively Treated Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

It is uncertain whether monitoring plasma ganciclovir (GCV) levels is useful in predicting cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia clearance in preemptively treated allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. In this observational study, including 13 episodes of CMV DNAemia treated with intravenous (i.v.) GCV or oral valganciclovir, we showed that monitoring trough plasma GCV levels does not reliably predict response to therapy. Rather, immunological monitoring (pp65 and immediate-early [IE]-1-specific gamma interferon [IFN-γ]-producing CD8+ T cells) appeared to perform better for this purpose

Methodology for ranking customer segments by their suitability for distributed energy resources applications

[EN] A massive implementation of distributed energy resources (DER) requires the development of innovative approaches to identify, based on the energy market requirements, fast track options for such implementation. These approaches should assess the potential for DER of the different customer segments and simulate DER adoption for those with highest potential in order to evaluate accurately the impact of this implementation on the different energy actors. This paper introduces a methodology to asses the DER implementation potential of customer segments based on a multi-criteria analysis, considering DER as including distributed generation (DG), distributed storage (DS) and local trading strategiest(1) (LTS). Application of the methodology to the commercial sector for DG installation, considering different motivations (cogeneration, renewable, emergency generator and peaking power) and the obtained results for five different segments in this sector are presented. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work was completed in the framework of the EUDEEP Integrated Project of the 6th EU RTD Framework Programme. The authors deeply thank all the participants in the projects for their help and support that made this work possible.Alfonso-Solar, D.; Pérez-Navarro, Á.; Encinas Redondo, N.; Álvarez, C.; Rodríguez-García, J.; Alcázar-Ortega, M. (2007). Methodology for ranking customer segments by their suitability for distributed energy resources applications. Energy Conversion and Management. 48(5):1615-1623. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2006.11.006S1615162348

Exploiting pseudo-schedules to guide data dependence graph partitioning

This paper presents a new modulo scheduling algorithm for clustered microarchitectures. The main feature of the proposed scheme is that the assignment of instructions to clusters is done by means of graph partitioning algorithms that are guided by a pseudo-scheduler. This pseudo-scheduler is a simplified version of the full instruction scheduler and estimates key constraints that would be encountered in the final schedule. The final scheduling process is bi-directional and includes on-the-fly spill code generation. The proposed scheme is evaluated against previous scheduling approaches using the SPECfp95 benchmark suite. Our modeling results show that better schedules are obtained for most programs across a range of different architectures. For a 4-cluster VLIW architecture with 32 registers and a 2-cycle inter-cluster communication delay we obtain an average speedup of 38.5%.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Mineralogical and physical-chemical characterisation of Roman mortars used for monumental substructures on the Hill of San Antonio, in the Roman city of Italica (prov. Baetica, Santiponce, Seville, Spain)

The Roman city of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain) is characterised by the use of opus caementicium, especially in major public works. Many of these works appear to be connected with the expansion carried out in the early 2nd century CE, a period in which this technique attained high levels of technical achievement. Traditionally, this expansion has been regarded as the personal initiative of the Emperor Hadrian, whose family roots were in the city. The structure chosen for our case study is unique. It is located on the eastern slope of the so-called ‘Hill of San Antonio’ and has been interpreted as a substructure, or platform, for a public area above. However, the archaeological characterisation of this structure is still limited. The mortars used in this construction have been characterised through petrographic, mineralogical, geochemical and physical analysis. Their mineralogical composition has been analysed using thin sections, XRD and SEM. Chemical composition has been analysed by XRF. Physical properties analysed include granulometry, density, porosity, porosimetry, mechanical and hydraulic properties. Following the analyses, four types of mortar were distinguished. In all cases, their composition is lime-based and includes different proportions of other materials, such as metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rock. In general, a planned and consistent production technology can be inferred, as shown by the careful selection of raw materials, the proportion of caementa and the homogeneity of the resulting mortar. The analyses have provided us with important information on the way the material was prepared and used depending on the structural needs of the construction. In addition, ancient mortar is in itself a valuable historical document concerning technological capabilities and choices and their degree of development at any given time, in this case, the Early Roman Empire

Platinum chloride-based viability RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection in complex samples.

Isolation, contact tracing and restrictions on social movement are being globally implemented to prevent and control onward spread of SARS-CoV-2, even though the infection risk modelled on RNA detection by RT-qPCR remains biased as viral shedding and infectivity are not discerned. Thus, we aimed to develop a rapid viability RT-qPCR procedure to infer SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in clinical specimens and environmental samples. We screened monoazide dyes and platinum compounds as viability molecular markers on five SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets. A platinum chloride-based viability RT-qPCR was then optimized using genomic RNA, and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 particles inoculated in buffer, stool, and urine. Our results were finally validated in nasopharyngeal swabs from persons who tested positive for COVID-19 and in wastewater samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We established a rapid viability RT-qPCR that selectively detects potentially infectious SARS-CoV-2 particles in complex matrices. In particular, the confirmed positivity of nasopharyngeal swabs following the viability procedure suggests their potential infectivity, while the complete prevention of amplification in wastewater indicated either non-infectious particles or free RNA. The viability RT-qPCR approach provides a more accurate ascertainment of the infectious viruses detection and it may complement analyses to foster risk-based investigations for the prevention and control of new or re-occurring outbreaks with a broad application spectrum

Candida albicans fibrinogen binding mannoprotein: expression in clinical strains and immunogenicity in patients with candidiasis

A 58 kDa cell wall-associated fibrinogen binding mannoprotein (mp58), previously characterized by our group in a Candida albicans laboratory strain (ATCC 26555), was found to be also present in the cell wall of clinical isolates of this fungus. Most strains examined appear to have functional mp58 species, as detected by their ability to bind fibrinogen. Western immunoblot analysis, with a monovalent polyclonal antibody generated against the mp58 species from strain ATCC 26555, revealed differences in recognition patterns depending on the strain tested and the culture conditions used. Serum samples from normal and Candida infected individuals were examined for the presence of antibodies against mp58 by Western immunoblotting. None of the sera from control individuals and patients suffering from superficial candidiasis contained antibodies against mp58. However, positive reactivity with this antigen and other cell wall constituents was detected for all sera from patients with confirmed systemic candidiasis. Together, these results suggest that mp58 could play an active role during infection and may be useful as a specific antigenic marker for [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]