The image choices of social television audiences : the narrative of The Voice UK and La Voz (Spain) viewers on Twitter

Content shared on social media platforms is increasingly centred on images and conversations discussing television on digital platforms are also influenced by this trend. This article examines the visual data posted by viewers while watching the 2019 edition of the Spanish and British adaptations of the international Reality Show 'The Voice'. With the sample including images posted by viewers on Twitter during the broadcast of the episodes, the production formats, the type of content, the purpose of the images and the connection between the visual data and the text in the tweet have been analysed. The results highlight three different trends: the parallel visual narrative created by viewers on Twitter through the use of digital culture, the showcasing of their private sphere and the appropriation of images from the television episodes altering the discourse presented by the broadcasters.El contenido compartido en las redes sociales se focalizacada vez más en las imágenes y las conversaciones sobre televisión en las plataformas digitales también se han vistoinfluenciadas por esta tendencia. Este artículo examina los datos visuales publicados por los espectadores mientras ven la edición de 2019 de las adaptaciones española y británica del reality show internacional 'The Voice'. Con la muestra de imágenes publicadas por los espectadores en Twitter durante la emisión de los episodios, se han analizado los formatos de producción, el tipo de contenido, la finalidad de las imágenes y la conexión entre los datos visuales y el texto del tuit. Los resultados destacan tres tendencias diferentes: la narrativa visual paralela creada por los espectadores en Twitter a través del uso de la cultura digital, la exhibición de su esfera privada y laapropiación de imágenes de los episodios televisivos alterando el discurso presentado por los canales de televisió

General-television programming in Europe (UE5) : public versus commercial channels

Technological convergence has affected the media context of generalist television, modifying access and the consumption of content. The design of the scheduling of the general-interest linear television is a key element in understanding the policies that the operators follow when offering genres and formats, and in observing the similarities and differences between public and private ownership. This article analyses the television schedules of 25 generalist channels, public and commercial, operating in Germany, Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. Some of the findings of this investigation show a) little diversity of genres, b) that the editorial policy of public broadcasters clearly differentiates them from private ones by prioritizing informational offerings, national fiction, and documentary info-shows, and c) strategic differences of genres by ownership in each country.El acceso y el consumo de la televisión generalista ha variado tras la convergencia tecnológica. El diseño de las programaciones de la televisión lineal generalista es clave para entender las políticas que los operadores están aplicando en la oferta de géneros y formatos, y observar las divergencias y similitudes entre cadenas de titularidad pública o privada. Este artículo analiza la oferta televisiva de 25 cadenas generalistas, públicas y privadas, que operan en Alemania, España, Francia, Italia y el Reino Unido. Algunos de los hallazgos de esta investigación muestran: a) escasa diversidad de géneros, b) la política editorial de las emisoras públicas se diferencia nítidamente de las privadas privilegiando la oferta de información, la ficción de producción nacional, y los info-shows de tipo documental, y c) apuestas de géneros diferenciadas por titularidades según los países

TV news and social audience in Europe (EU5) : on-screen and twitter strategies

Social networks have altered how viewers watch television and consume information. This new context has obliged broadcasters to adapt their practices to reach viewers in all platforms. In this article, we focus on how the evening news programmes from the general-interest DTT channels in the five main European markets (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) appeal to their social audience. This concept, although ambiguous, refers to the activity of viewers on social networks in relation to the contents broadcast by the television industry in its multiple forms. We analyse both the screen strategies and their activity on their official Twitter accounts. Although the evening news is the anchor of the prime time and one of the main assets to instil the channels with prestige and influence, the conclusions point to a certain neglect of the social audience from the industry in these key programmes. But mostly, our research reveals how the specificities of the format and the nature of the content distinguish the evening news from other live TV show

Polymorphisms in prostaglandin synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 (PTGS2/COX2) and risk of colorectal cancer

Inflammation plays a key role in the development of colorectal cancers. We have investigated the relationship between PTGS2 (COX2) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk in a hospital based case-control study. We recruited 292 patients with colorectal cancer and 274 controls from new patients admitted to Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain, from 1996 to 1998. Subjects responded to a questionnaire on risk factors. Genotypes of the eight more frequent polymorphisms of PTGS2 were determined. Two polymorphisms are located in the promoter sequence, one in the untranslated region of exon 1, one in exon 3, one in intron 5, two in the untranslated region of exon 10, and one downstream of the last polyadenylation (poly-A) signal. Associations were analysed with logistic regression models assuming a dominant effect for rare variants to increase statistical power. An association was detected between colorectal cancer and a polymorphism in the untranslated region of exon 10 of PTGS2, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.17-5.32, P=0.01. A nearby polymorphism downstream of the last poly-A signal also showed a nonsignificant increase in risk (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.99-4.78, P=0.05). Analysis of haplotypes confirmed that individuals with these variants were at increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR compared to the most frequent haplotype: 2.17, 95% CI 0.97-4.84, P=0.06) Interactions between PTGS2 genotype and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer were also explored

Potential Involvement of NSD1, KRT24 and ACACA in the Genetic Predisposition to Colorectal Cancer

The ALFRED (Allelic Loss Featuring Rare Damaging) in silico method was developed to identify cancer predisposition genes through the identification of somatic second hits. By applying ALFRED to ~10,000 tumor exomes, 49 candidate genes were identified. We aimed to assess the causal association of the identified genes with colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition. Of the 49 genes, NSD1, HDAC10, KRT24, ACACA and TP63 were selected based on specific criteria relevant for hereditary CRC genes. Gene sequencing was performed in 736 patients with familial/early onset CRC or polyposis without germline pathogenic variants in known genes. Twelve (predicted) damaging variants in 18 patients were identified. A gene-based burden test in 1596 familial/early-onset CRC patients, 271 polyposis patients, 543 TCGA CRC patients and >134,000 controls (gnomAD, non-cancer), revealed no clear association with CRC for any of the studied genes. Nevertheless, (non-significant) over-representation of disruptive variants in NSD1, KRT24 and ACACA in CRC patients compared to controls was observed. A somatic second hit was identified in one of 20 tumors tested, corresponding to an NSD1 carrier. In conclusion, most genes identified through the ALFRED in silico method were not relevant for CRC predisposition, although a possible association was detected for NSD1, KRT24 and ACACA

The Role of Glycosyltransferases in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer death in the world. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have been extensively studied in malignancies due to its relevance in tumor pathogenesis and therapy. This review is focused on the dysregulation of glycosyltransferase expression in CRC and its impact in cell function and in several biological pathways associated with CRC pathogenesis, prognosis and therapeutic approaches. Glycan structures act as interface molecules between cells and their environment and in several cases facilitate molecule function. CRC tissue shows alterations in glycan structures decorating molecules, such as annexin-1, mucins, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), 1 integrin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), transforming growth factor beta (TGF- ) receptors, Fas (CD95), PD-L1, decorin, sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 (SORBS1), CD147 and glycosphingolipids. All of these are described as key molecules in oncogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, glycosylation in CRC can affect cell migration, cell–cell adhesion, actin polymerization, mitosis, cell membrane repair, apoptosis, cell differentiation, stemness regulation, intestinal mucosal barrier integrity, immune system regulation, T cell polarization and gut microbiota composition; all such functions are associated with the prognosis and evolution of the disease. According to these findings, multiple strategies have been evaluated to alter oligosaccharide processing and to modify glycoconjugate structures in order to control CRC progression and prevent metastasis. Additionally, immunotherapy approaches have contemplated the use of neo-antigens, generated by altered glycosylation, as targets for tumor-specific T cells or engineered CAR (Chimeric antigen receptors) T cells

Telomere length and genetic anticipation in lynch syndrome

Telomere length variation has been associated with increased risk of several types of tumors, and telomere shortening, with genetic anticipation in a number of genetic diseases including hereditary cancer syndromes. No conclusive studies have been performed for Lynch syndrome, a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes. Here we evaluate telomere length in Lynch syndrome, both as a cancer risk factor and as a mechanism associated with anticipation in the age of cancer onset observed in successive generations of Lynch syndrome families. Leukocyte telomere length was measured in 244 mismatch repair gene mutation carriers from 96 Lynch syndrome families and in 234 controls using a monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method. Cancer-affected mutation carriers showed significantly shorter telomeres than cancer-free mutation carriers. In addition, cancer-affected carriers showed the most pronounced shortening of telomere length with age, compared with unaffected carriers. The anticipation in the age of cancer onset observed in successive generations was not associated with telomere shortening, although, interestingly, all mother-son pairs showed telomere shortening. In conclusion, cancer-affected mismatch repair gene mutation carriers have distinct telomere-length pattern and dynamics. However, anticipation in the age of onset is not explained by telomere shortening. Pending further study, our findings suggest that telomere attrition might explain the previously reported dependence of cancer risk on the parent-of-origin of mismatch repair gene mutations

Daily gridded datasets of snow depth and snow water equivalent for the Iberian Peninsula from 1980 to 2014

We present snow observations and a validated daily gridded snowpack dataset that was simulated from downscaled reanalysis of data for the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula has long-lasting seasonal snowpacks in its different mountain ranges, and winter snowfall occurs in most of its area. However, there are only limited direct observations of snow depth (SD) and snow water equivalent (SWE), making it difficult to analyze snow dynamics and the spatiotemporal patterns of snowfall. We used meteorological data from downscaled reanalyses as input of a physically based snow energy balance model to simulate SWE and SD over the Iberian Peninsula from 1980 to 2014. More specifically, the ERA-Interim reanalysis was downscaled to 10 km 10 km resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The WRF outputs were used directly, or as input to other submodels, to obtain data needed to drive the Factorial Snow Model (FSM). We used lapse rate coefficients and hygrobarometric adjustments to simulate snow series at 100m elevations bands for each 10 km 10 km grid cell in the Iberian Peninsula. The snow series were validated using data from MODIS satellite sensor and ground observations. The overall simulated snow series accurately reproduced the interannual variability of snowpack and the spatial variability of snow accumulation and melting, even in very complex topographic terrains. Thus, the presented dataset may be useful for many applications, including land management, hydrometeorological studies, phenology of flora and fauna, winter tourism, and risk management. The data presented here are freely available for download from Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.854618). This paper fully describes the work flow, data validation, uncertainty assessment, and possible applications and limitations of the database.Esteban Alonso-González is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES- 2015-071466). This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness projects CGL2014-52599-P 10 (Estudio del manto de nieve en la montaña española y su respuesta a la variabilidad y cambio climatico) and CGL2017- 82216-R (HIDROIBERNIEVE) and (with additional support from the European Community funds, FEDER) CGL2013-48539-R (Impactos del cambio climático en los recursos hídricos de la cuenca del Duero a alta resolución). Also, the Regional Government of Andalusia has funded this research with the project P11-RNM-7941 (Impactos del Cambio Climático en la cuenca del Guadalquivir, LICUA)

Modelo de aprendizaje para el estudio de las arritmias asociadas a la intoxicación por anestésicos locales y su aplicación en la mejora de la enseñanza en toxicología clínica

Motivar y mejorar el conocimiento en toxicología clínica. Mostrar a los alumnos en un modelo animal las arritmias asociadas a intoxicación por anestésicos locales. Comprender los mecanismos de inducción de arritmias y su tratamiento con antídoto

NTHL1 biallelic mutations seldom cause colorectal cancer, serrated polyposis or a multi-tumor phenotype, in absence of colorectal adenomas

In 2015 Weren et al. described a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in the DNA base excision repair gene NTHL1, characterized by attenuated adenomatous polyposis and increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, largely resembling the recessive syndrome caused by MUTYH mutations1. To date, 33 homozygous or compound heterozygous NTHL1 mutation carriers have been reported (21 families)1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. More than 5 colonic adenomas (range: 6 to >50) were identified in 24 of the 28 (85%) mutation carriers who underwent colonoscopy screening, and CRC was diagnosed in 19 (68%) of them. Noteworthy, 17 carriers (57%) were diagnosed with multiple primary malignant tumors in extracolonic locations, being the most recurrently found breast and endometrial tumors, head neck squamous cell carcimomas, meningiomas, and bladder and basal cell carcinomas, suggesting that the NTHL1-associated syndrome is a multi-tumor disease rather than a solely CRC syndrome. On the other hand, the fact that at least ¼ (7/28) of the reported biallelic mutation carriers who underwent colonoscopy screening had ≤10 adenomas, and that ≥5 hyperplastic polyps were detected in five carriers (polyp number range: 5->30), lead us to suspect a possible association of NTHL1 mutations with nonpolyposis CRC and serrated/hyperplastic polyposis. Based on previous evidence and with the aim of refining the phenotypic characteristics of the NTHL1-associated syndrome, here we evaluated the implication of NTHL1 biallelic mutations in the predisposition to personal or familial history of multiple tumor types, familial/early-onset nonpolyposis CRC, and serrated/hyperplastic polyposis