Application of deep ultraviolet lithography in magnetic nanostructures

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Comparative Study of Isobaric Levobupivacaine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Lower Segment Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anaesthesia in Northen India

Background and Objectives: Central neuraxial blocks are the preferred technique for anesthesia for lower segment caesarean section. Local anesthesia drugs have been routinely used for spinal anesthesia to compare various block characteristics and hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing lower segment caesarean section using hyperbaric bupivacaine and isobaric levobupivacaine. Methods: After Institutional ethical committee approval, 100 patients scheduled for elective lower segment caesarean section were randomized into Group L and Group B. Group L (N = 50) received 2.5mL(12.5mg)0.5% isobaric levo-bupivacaine and Group B (N = 50) received 2.5 mL (12.5 mg) 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine as intra-thecal drugs for spinal anesthesia. The present study was conducted in Operation theaters and the Post-operative ward of LLRM medical college, Meerut. Difference in characteristics of onset of block, regression of block, hemodynamic profile, and side effects were recorded between groups. Results: Group L, in comparison to Group B, showed prolonged duration of sensory block (P = 0.01) with lesser duration of motor block (P = 0.0002). Hemodynamically hypotension was statistically significant in the bupivacaine group (P = 0.016). Conclusions: The current study validates that both isobaric levo-bupivacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia provide effective surgical anesthesia for lower segment caesarean section. Levo-bupivacaine can be a better alternative to bupivacaine in terms of reduced motor block time and a longer sensory block time with lesser incidence of hypotension and better hemodynamic stability

Dominant higher-order vortex gyromodes in circular magnetic nanodots

The transition to the third dimension enables the creation of spintronic nanodevices with significantly enhanced functionality compared to traditional 2D magnetic applications. In this study, we extend common two-dimensional magnetic vortex configurations, which are known for their efficient dynamical response to external stimuli without a bias magnetic field, into the third dimension. This extension results in a substantial increase in vortex frequency, reaching up to 5 GHz, compared to the typical sub-GHz range observed in planar vortex oscillators. A systematic study reveals a complex pattern of vortex excitation modes, explaining the decrease in the lowest gyrotropic mode frequency, the inversion of vortex mode intensities, and the nontrivial spatial distribution of vortex dynamical magnetization noted in previous research. These phenomena enable the optimization of both oscillation frequency and frequency reproducibility, minimizing the impact of uncontrolled size variations in those magnetic nanodevices

Observation of 1D Behavior in Si Nanowires: Toward High-Performance TFETs

This article provides experimental evidence of one-dimensional behavior of silicon (Si) nanowires (NWs) at low-temperature through both transfer (Id−VG) and capaci- tance−voltage characteristics. For the first time, operation of Si NWs in the quantum capacitance limit (QCL) is experimentally demonstrated and quantitatively analyzed. This is of relevance since working in the QCL may allow, e.g., tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) to achieve higher on-state currents (Ion) and larger on-/off-state current ratios (Ion/Ioff), thus addressing one of the most severe limitations of TFETs. Comparison of the experimental data with simulations finds excellent agreement using a simple capacitor model

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Polymorphisms, Haplotypes and Activity in Predicting CAD Risk in North-West Indian Punjabis

Human serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) prevents oxidation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and hydrolyzes the oxidized form, therefore preventing the development of atherosclerosis. The polymorphisms of PON1 gene are known to affect the PON1 activity and thereby coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. As studies are lacking in North-West Indian Punjabi's, a distinct ethnic group with high incidence of CAD, we determined PON1 activity, genotypes and haplotypes in this population and correlated them with the risk of CAD.350 angiographically proven (≥ 70% stenosis) CAD patients and 300 healthy controls were investigated. PON1 activity was determined towards paraoxon (Paraoxonase; PONase) and phenylacetate (Arylesterase; AREase) substrates. In addition, genotyping was carried out by using multiplex PCR, allele specific oligonucleotide -PCR and PCR-RFLP methods and haplotyping was determined by PHASE software. The serum PONase and AREase activities were significantly lower in CAD patients as compared to the controls. All studied polymorphisms except L55M had significant effect on PONase activity. However AREase activity was not affected by them. In a logistic regression model, after adjustment for the conventional risk factors for CAD, QR (OR: 2.73 (1.57-4.72)) and RR (OR, 16.24 (6.41-41.14)) genotypes of Q192R polymorphism and GG (OR: 2.07 (1.02-4.21)) genotype of -162A/G polymorphism had significantly higher CAD risk. Haplotypes L-T-G-Q-C (OR: 3.25 (1.72-6.16)) and L-T-G-R-G (OR: 2.82 (1.01-7.80)) were also significantly associated with CAD.In conclusion this study shows that CAD patients had lower PONase and AREase activities as compared to the controls. The coding Q192R polymorphism, promoter -162A/G polymorphism and L-T-G-Q-C and L-T-G-R-G haplotypes are all independently associated with CAD

A lightweight neural network with multiscale feature enhancement for liver CT segmentation

Segmentation of abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scan is essential for analyzing, diagnosing, and treating visceral organ diseases (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma). This paper proposes a novel neural network (Res-PAC-UNet) that employs a fixed-width residual UNet backbone and Pyramid Atrous Convolutions, providing a low disk utilization method for precise liver CT segmentation. The proposed network is trained on medical segmentation decathlon dataset using a modified surface loss function. Additionally, we evaluate its quantitative and qualitative performance; the Res16-PAC-UNet achieves a Dice coefficient of 0.950 ± 0.019 with less than half a million parameters. Alternatively, the Res32-PAC-UNet obtains a Dice coefficient of 0.958 ± 0.015 with an acceptable parameter count of approximately 1.2 million.This publication was made possible by NPRP-11S-1219-170106 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The findings herein reflect the work, and are solely the responsibility of the authors

INVOLVEMENT OF FARM WOMEN IN DAIRY COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES

ABSTRACT Rajasthan Cooperative Dairy Federation had implemented the Rajasthan Women Dairy Project in the year 1991-92. The idea behind the project was to provide women milk producers as an institution of their own which gives them opportunities of decision making as well as increase in earnings. In this study researchers focused on involvement of the members in the activities being taken up by the Women Dairy Cooperative Societies (WDCs). The study employed random sampling technique. The sample included 120 members of WDCs and 120 non-members of WDCs, constituting a total of 240 respondents in two Panchayat Samities of Bhilwara district, Rajasthan. The information was collected through personal interview technique. The results showed that members had significant involvement in all the four activities (improved dairy production technology, health & sanitation, employment and literacy)