Miljøundersøkelser i norske fjorder: Ytre Oslofjord 1937-2011

In the surface layer in Outer Oslofjord autumn temperatures were 2 - 4 °C above normal between 1996 and 2011 and summer temperatures (august) in 1995, 1997, 2002, 2004 and 2006 (19-21°C) were unormal high (19-21°C). In contrast summer temperatures in 2002 and 2003 were unormal low. In the basin water (300 m), influenced by Atlantic water, temperature increased with about 0.8°C after 1990 in accordance with the general temperature increase in Atlantic water along the Norwegian coast. About 0.5°C of the temperture increase seems to be connected to global warming and 0.3 °C to natural variations. The local input of antrohropogenic nutrients increased winter values of nitrate and summer values of chlorophyll - a in the upper layer of the Outer Oslofjord. The environmental conditions related to nitrate and chlorophyll-a were” less good” in the inner part of the fjord and “good” in the central part and in the coastal water. The oxygen conditions in the main basins in Outer Oslofjord, dominated by conditions in inflowing Atlantic water, were “very good”

Meldinger om blåskjell som er forsvunnet – oppsummering for 2016

I løpet av de siste årene har Havforskningsinstituttet mottatt et økende antall meldinger fra publikum om at blåskjell er blitt borte fra steder hvor de vanligvis sanker skjell. I denne rapporten har vi sammenstilt innmeldte observasjoner for 2016. Målet med rapporten er å undersøke om det er fellestrekk mellom de ulike lokaliteter som kan forklare hvorfor blåskjellene er blitt borte. Antallet henvendelser angående forsvunne blåskjell var 48 for 2016, og det er om lag 10 ganger høyrer sammenlignet med tidligere år. Det er også kommet inn meldinger fra et langt større geografisk område enn tidligere. Det er rimelig å anta at økning i antallet meldinger og nye steder er knyttet til medieomtale av saken, men økningen skyldes ikke utelukkende dette da trenden var økende innen saken ble omtalt i media. Samtidig med meldingene om fravær av blåskjell fra lokaliteter langs hele norskekysten, ble det også rapportert om tilsynelatende normale blåskjellbestander på lokaliteter i nærheten. En vurdering av mulige årsaker (isskuring, ferskvannsavrenning, økt beiting, næringsvirksomhet, temperatur og miljøgifter) indikerer at det ikke er en felles grunn til bortfall av lokale blåskjellbestander langs hele norskekysten, men dette betyr ikke at de ulike hypotesene kan utelukkes for enkelte av lokalitetene. Det er rapportert om dødelighet av blåskjell også fra Nederland og Frankrike, i noen tilfeller med mistanke om sykdom. Fremover ser vi et behov for å kartlegge og beskrive nedgangen i blåskjellforekomster langs norskekysten og undersøke tilfeller av akutt dødelighet i blåskjellbestander

On Imprimitive Representations of Finite Reductive Groups in Non-defining Characteristic

In this paper, we begin with the classification of Harish-Chandra imprimitive representations in non-defining characteristic. We recall the connection of this problem to certain generalizations of Iwahori-Hecke algebras and show that Harish-Chandra induction is compatible with the Morita equivalence by Bonnaf\'{e} and Rouquier, thus reducing the classification problem to quasi-isolated blocks. Afterwards, we consider imprimitivity of unipotent representations of certain classical groups. In the case of general linear and unitary groups, our reduction methods then lead to results for arbitrary Lusztig series

Spring bloom nutrient dynamics in the Oslofjord

Primary production and uptake rates of ammonium, nitrate and silicic acid were measured during the 1996 spring bloom in the Oslofjord, southern Norway, using isotope methodology (14C, 15N and 32Si). Chlorophyll a (chl a) standing stock peaked at 38 mg chl a m-3. Diatoms, especially Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, dominated the plankton community. The diatom bloom followed a sigmoid growth pattern until it abruptly declined. Both nitrate and silicic acid were depleted from the surface layer during the bloom. Nitrate was the major nitrogen-source for phytoplankton growth, the f-ratio was >0.9 until the bloom declined. Virtually all the silicic acid was converted into diatom frustules (biogenic silica), and silicon controlled the primary production during the bloom

Seasonal variability of stable carbon isotopes (<delta>13CDIC) in the Skagerrak and the Baltic Sea: Distinguishing between mixing and biological productivity

We documented the annual cycle of the carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in the water columns of the Skagerrak and Baltic Sea to obtain an increased understanding of the processes involved controlling the carbon isotopic distribution in shelf seas. The lowest δ13CDIC values (-4.9‰) were found in the low-oxygen, brackish Baltic bottom water whereas the highest values (+1.8‰) were observed in the surface water of the Skagerrak during late summer. Photosynthesis drove the high δ13CDIC values (between 1.0 and 1.8‰) noted in the surface waters of both the Skagerrak and the Baltic. The δ13CDIC values below the halocline in the Baltic reflect mixing of brackish water and the more saline water from the Skagerrak, and foremost organic matter remineralization processes that release significant amounts of low-δ13C CO2. Similarly, in the stagnant fjord basins, little deep water exchange and the degradation of terrestrial and marine organic matter set the δ13C composition. Deep-water renewal in the fjord basins resulted in rapid increases of the δ13CDIC on the order of 1‰, whereas remineralization processes caused a decrease in δ13CDIC of 0.1-0.3‰ per month depending on location. The combined effects of water mixing and remineralization processes (estimated using apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) values) yielded the expression: δ13CDIC =0.032*S-0.01*AOU-0.12 for the Baltic - Skagerrak region at water depths below the halocline

CoCliME: Co-development of Climate services for adaptation to changing Marine Ecosystems

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Annual Science Conference 2019, 9-12 September 2019 Gothenburg, Sweden.-- 1 page, figures.-- 1 pageMost climate service development has focused on land based or physical coastal climate impacts. Unfortunately, the effects of a changing climate on marine ecosystems are less well understood and require further scientific study to fully examine potential impacts. A marine ecosystem climate service, with coastal ecosystem indicators, useful to management and policy concerns, and directly relevant to human health, wellbeing and coastal economies is the focus of CoCliME. Our case studies, which cover all European regional seas, have selected a number of ecological indicators including harmful algal blooms, marine biotoxins, pathogens and marine microbial diversity. Change in environmental drivers, such as temperature or ocean circulation, can affect the dynamics, succession and occurrence of these ecological indicators with resulting impacts on marine ecosystem services. The foundation of the CoCliME services is co-development and engagement with our end users to ensure the usability and relevance of the services developed. CoCliME uses a transdisciplinary approach to develop regional climate change services and involves case study specific data analyses, ranging from genetic research, laboratory experiments, field studies, analysis of time series, marine climate modelling, and economic impact modelling. Here, we share our experiences in this novel area of marine ecosystem climate service development. What have we learned so far? What have the users taught us? We will share with you what’s next for the prototype services we aim to delive