Large Non-perturbative Effects of Small \Delta m^2_{21}/\Delta m^2_{31} and \sin \theta_{13} on Neutrino Oscillation and CP Violation in Matter

In the framework of three generations, we consider the CP violation in neutrino oscillation with matter effects. At first, we show that the non-perturbative effects of two small parameters, \Delta m_{21}^2/\Delta m_{31}^2 and \sin \theta_{13}, become more than 50% in certain ranges of energy and baseline length. This means that the non-perturbative effects should be considered in detailed analysis in the long baseline experiments. Next, we propose a method to include these effects in approximate formulas for oscillation probabilities. Assuming the two natural conditions, \theta_{23}=45^\circ and the fact that the matter density is symmetric, a set of approximate formulas, which involve the non-perturbative effects, has been derived in all channels.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures, version to appear in JHE

Extrinsic CPT Violation in Neutrino Oscillations in Matter

We investigate matter-induced (or extrinsic) CPT violation effects in neutrino oscillations in matter. Especially, we present approximate analytical formulas for the CPT-violating probability differences for three flavor neutrino oscillations in matter with an arbitrary matter density profile. Note that we assume that the CPT invariance theorem holds, which means that the CPT violation effects arise entirely because of the presence of matter. As special cases of matter density profiles, we consider constant and step-function matter density profiles, which are relevant for neutrino oscillation physics in accelerator and reactor long baseline experiments as well as neutrino factories. Finally, the implications of extrinsic CPT violation on neutrino oscillations in matter for several past, present, and future long baseline experiments are estimated.Comment: 47 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX4. Final version to be published in Phys. Rev.

Алгоритм динамического наблюдения пациентов с колоректальным раком в процессе комбинированного лечения

A large number of colon cancer cases are registered in Russia annually. Liver metastases are detected in half of them. Surgical treatment in combination with chemotherapy is the only effective method of treatment for such patients. Currently, 5- and 10-year life expectancy after such treatment varies within 24-58% and 17-25%, respectively. In the article, two cases demonstrate the possibilities of modern methods of combined treatment and observation of patients suffering from advanced stages of colon cancer. The protocol for case follow-up of these patients, applied in the clinic, is given. The application of this protocol makes it possible to identify new metastatic neoplasms in the liver at an early stage, which makes treatment less complicated. When interpreting the results of18F-FDG PET/CT, it is necessary to take into account that systemic chemotherapy suppresses the metabolic activity of the cells in metastatic focus. Given this, the appearance of new,18F-FDG PET/CT negative foci makes it justified to apply more active surgical tactics.Ежегодно в России регистрируется большое количество случаев рака толстой кишки, в половине из которых выявляются метастазы в печень. Хирургическое лечение в сочетании с химиотерапией является единственным эффективным методом лечения таких пациентов. В настоящее время 5- и 10-летняя продолжительность жизни после такого лечения находится в пределах 24-58 % и 17- 25 % соответственно. В статье на примере двух случаев демонстрируются возможности современных методов комбинированного лечения и наблюдения пациентов, страдающих раком толстой кишки в далеко зашедших стадиях. Приведен протокол динамического наблюдения этих больных, применяемый в клинике. Применение этого протокола позволяет выявлять появляющиеся новые метастатические образования в печени на ранней стадии, что делает их лечение менее сложным. При трактовке результатов ПЭТ КТ с 18F-ФДГ необходимо учитывать факт применения системной химиотерапии, которая подавляет метаболическую активность клеток метастатического очага. Учитывая это, появление в печени новых, негативных при ПЭТ КТ с 18F-ФДГ, очаговых образований делает оправданным применение по отношению к ним более активной хирургической тактики

Novel Copper-Containing Cytotoxic Agents Based on 2-Thioxoimidazolones

A series of 73 ligands and 73 of their Cu+2 and Cu+1 copper complexes with different geometries, oxidation states of the metal, and redox activities were synthesized and characterized. The aim of the study was to establish the structure-activity relationship within a series of analogues with different substituents at the N(3) position, which govern the redox potentials of the Cu+2/Cu+1 redox couples, ROS generation ability, and intracellular accumulation. Possible cytotoxicity mechanisms, such as DNA damage, DNA intercalation, telomerase inhibition, and apoptosis induction, have been investigated. ROS formation in MCF-7 cells and three-dimensional (3D) spheroids was proven using the Pt-nanoelectrode. Drug accumulation and ROS formation at 40-60 μm spheroid depths were found to be the key factors for the drug efficacy in the 3D tumor model, governed by the Cu+2/Cu+1 redox potential. A nontoxic in vivo single-dose evaluation for two binuclear mixed-valence Cu+1/Cu+2 redox-active coordination compounds, 72k and 61k, was conducted.