Bit Error Rate Performance for Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access over Generalized η-μ Fading Environment

The multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system has received a considerable attention from researchers owing to its great potential in achieving high data rates transmission in wireless communications. Due to the detrimental effects of multipath fading the performance of the system degrades. Similarly, the impact of non-orthogonality of spreading codes can exist and cause interference. This paper addresses the performance of multicarrier code division multiple access system under the influence of frequency selective generalized η-µ  fading channel and multiple access interference caused by other active users to the desired one. We apply Gaussian approximation technique to analyse the performance of the system. The avearge bit error rate is derived and expressed in Gauss hypergeometic functions. Maximal ratio combining diversity technique is utilized to alleviate the deleterious effect of multipath fading. We observed that the system performance improves when the parameter η increase or decreasse in format 1 or format 2 conditions respectively

Distribution and Attachment of Bryozoans in the Intertidal Region of South Andaman Island

Aiming to collate the distribution and the attachment preference of intertidal bryozoan of Andaman waters, a study was carried out in three intertidal sites (Burmanallah, Kodiyaghat, and Chidiytapu) of southeastern coasts of the Andaman Islands between June and August 2016. The present study is the first exclusive report on bryozoans from the Andaman Islands after a long research gap of nine decades. During our investigation, a total of twelve genera were identified from both calcareous and non-calcareous substratum. Out of the twelve genera, eight genera were new records from the island. The present study showed that the attachment affinity of the Bryozoans is more towards natural substratum particularly on the rocks. The Thalamoporella sp. reported the most abundant species with maximum average colony length of 3.5 cm from the rock substratum

Study on emerging technologies for aerospace application

The paper aims to review emerging technologies that can be applied to the aerospace industry. Over a span of time, new technologies will emerge and address old problems and eventually result in discoveries and innovations. In the last few years, there has been numerous emerging technologies appearing every now and then. It must be noted that there is countless possible application derived from the endless emerging technology that could be use as part of a process. In the paper, the author dwells on the latest and the most relevant technologies to the aerospace industry, such as 3-dimensional imaging, wireless sensors and the rise of sensor networks. This wide-ranging topic and process has multiple use to the aerospace industry, and the author will elaborate some of the potential applications these processes have. The author will also attempt to achieve a better understanding of sensors on a jet engine, by highlighting the need for more sensors and also the limitations which is mainly contributed by the materials they are made up of. The final chapter seeks to suggest the different approach to which the industry can tackle the restrictions due to the harsh operating conditions face by the sensors. The author will also elaborate on a couple of industry trends that can be observed in terms of tackling the limitations as well as the general trend in which the aviation industry is heading towards. It is hoped that this paper will be able to share with the readers about the potential emerging technologies and their many applications in the aerospace industry.Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering

Evolutionary algorithm for positioning cameras networks mounted on UAV

International audienceThis paper aims to optimize the coverage of a given area from a set of views to allow a complete mosaicing. Among the investigated methods to find the best camera positions, two of them are studied, namely the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the Genetic Algorithms (GA). After having performed experiments to compare the algorithms, the hybridization of GA and PSO is investigated. To validate the proposed method, it is simulated area of irregular shapes with the cameras mounted on a Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). V-REP is used to simulate the UAVs in an indoor environment and satellite images are used for a large outdoor area. The simulation validates the efficiency of the proposed method to find the optimal position of cameras. Then by using the images acquired it is possible to monitor the area and to compute a full mosaic of it

Sub-optimal waypoints, UAV path planning and mosaicing application

International audienceCreate a complete system of video surveillance using camera mounted on a robot like UAV to maintain optimized vast area coverage and reconstruct an image by using mosaicing techniques. This paper demonstrated the efficiency of using one UAV to cover vast area using optimized positions

MULTISPECTRAL VENOUS IMAGES ANALYSIS FOR OPTIMUM ILLUMINATION SELECTION

International audienceIntravenous (IV) catheterization is the most important phase in medical practices of daily life. It is hard to localize veins in patients who have deep veins, minor age or dark skin; hence multiple attempts become indispensable for proper catheterization in such cases. Near Infrared (NIR) Imaging allow to visualize the veins underneath the skin of persons having non-visibility of veins problem. This paper reports the pre-selection of illuminants that ensure best veins/tissues contrast for patients having different skin tone. The sample subjects have been divided in four different classes based on the Luminance value of their skin tone in order to extract the best illuminant wavelengths range for each class. A multispectral approach has been used which provides the flexibility of wavelength range from visible to NIR (380 to 1040nm). The veins/tissue reflectance contrast obtained helps in determining the best wavelengths range where the contrast is maximum for each of the four classes. Using these results, we are planning to build a prototype system which can automatically select the illuminants based on different physiological characteristics of a subject

Iodine status in women attending Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Zanzibar: a matched case-control study

Background Iodine deficiency can have adverse health effects in all age groups affecting growth, development and cognitive functions as well as the incidence of goitre. Worldwide, the most important dietary source of iodine is iodised salt. In Tanzania, iodine intake has varied due to multiple salt suppliers producing iodised salt with varying quality. Zanzibar has faced challenges with the packing, storing and monitoring of salt iodisation, and universal salt iodisation has not been achieved. Furthermore, the number of available studies on the iodine status in Zanzibar are sparse. Objective The main objective of this study is to describe the iodine status of euthyroid female adult patients with and without goitre in Zanzibar. Design and methods A single-centre matched case-control study was conducted among 48 female patients at the ear, nose and throat clinic of Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar. Blood samples were drawn for serum-analysis of the thyroid hormone profile to confirm that all patients were euthyroid prior to inclusion. Urinary iodine concentrations and the iodine concentration in household salt samples were analysed. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to describe trends in the dietary intake of iodine-rich and goitrogenic foods. Clinical examinations were conducted, and the patients were categorised into goitre (cases) and non-goitre (controls) groups. Results A moderate iodine deficiency (median urinary iodine concentration between 20 and 49 µg/L) was found in patients both with and without goitre. In total, only 35 % of the salt samples were adequately iodised. The salt samples from the cases had a lower average concentration of iodine compared with the controls. The FFQ revealed that the daily consumption of marine fish and the weekly consumption of raw cassava were more frequent in the cases than the controls. Conclusion These findings suggest that iodine deficiency may be a problem in both patients with and without goitre in Zanzibar. The salt iodisation programme may require monitoring and implementation of satisfactory quality control practices as universal salt iodisation is yet to be achieved in Zanzibar