Analisis Perubahan Densitas Bawah Permukaan Berdasarkan Data Gaya Berat Mikro Antar Waktu, Studi Kasus Di Semarang

Telah dilakukan penelitian gaya berat antar waktu di wilayah Kota Semarang untuk mengetahui dinamika air tanah. Metode gaya berat antar waktu dapat diaplikasikan untuk mengetahui Perubahan air tanah karena pada dasarnya metode gaya berat antar waktu mendeteksi Perubahan gaya berat akibat Perubahan rapat massa. Pengukuran gaya berat antar waktu dilakukan sebanyak tiga periode yaitu periode Mei 2013 dan periode Mei 2014 dengan menggunakan gravimeter Scintrex Autograv CG-5. Citra yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini berupa persebaran data gaya berat antar waktu dan hasil inversi Perubahan densitas dalam rupa 3D. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai Perubahan densitas positif pada kedalaman 30 meter terdapat pada daerah Barusari, Mugassari, Bulu, Kalibanteng, Simpang Lima, dan Tugu Muda yang terindikasi terjadi penambahan air tanah dangkal sementara pada daerah Bandarharjo, Panggung Lor, Kuningan, Dadapsari dan Tanjung Emas yang merupakan penanda peristiwa intrusi air laut pada kedalaman 30 meter dan pada daerah Krobokan, Tawangmas, Panggung Lor, Bandarharjo, Kemijen, Mlatiharjo, Rejosari, Bulu Lor, Bangunharjo, Kranggan, Purwodinatan dan Karangampel merupakan daerah dengan nilai Perubahan densitas negatif yang diduga terjadi pengurangan air tanah dangkal. Pada kedalaman 140 meter, bagian barat daya hingga selatan lokasi penelitian telah mengalami pengurangan air tanah sedangkan bagian barat-utara-timur penelitian, sebagian besar telah mengalami penambahan air tanah

Distribution and Attachment of Bryozoans in the Intertidal Region of South Andaman Island

Aiming to collate the distribution and the attachment preference of intertidal bryozoan of Andaman waters, a study was carried out in three intertidal sites (Burmanallah, Kodiyaghat, and Chidiytapu) of southeastern coasts of the Andaman Islands between June and August 2016. The present study is the first exclusive report on bryozoans from the Andaman Islands after a long research gap of nine decades. During our investigation, a total of twelve genera were identified from both calcareous and non-calcareous substratum. Out of the twelve genera, eight genera were new records from the island. The present study showed that the attachment affinity of the Bryozoans is more towards natural substratum particularly on the rocks. The Thalamoporella sp. reported the most abundant species with maximum average colony length of 3.5 cm from the rock substratum

Penyelesaian Sengketa Hibah Harta Bersama Kepada Anak Dalam Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dan Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (Studi Putusan Perkara Nomor 145/Pdt.G/2021/Pa.Slk Di Pengadilan Agama Solok

The main issue discussed in this study is the dispute over the grant of joint property to children which is described in the form of withdrawal or cancellation of the grant. For this reason, this study requires the results of the consideration of the Solok Religious Court judge in resolving the grant dispute, whether the judge will justify the withdrawal of the grant or reject it, which is then followed by a legal determination of the late deceased grant. Hj. Syamsidar and Alm. H. Nazir to his son. This main issue will be broken down into various sub-problems or research issues, such as: 1) What is the judge's consideration in making a decision on the dispute over the joint property grant with case number 145/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Slk at the Religious Courts of Solok City? 2) How is the settlement of disputes over joint property grants seen from the perspective of the Compilation of Islamic Law and the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law?. This study aims to clearly identify and analyze how the judge's considerations in making decisions on joint property grant disputes and to find out and analyze the settlement of grant dispute cases through the perspective of the Compilation of Islamic Law and the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law. The type of research used by the researcher is a normative juridical legal research method. This research method is an approach with an emphasis on data from library research and also as a qualitative approach. So this study intends to approach using secondary legal materials related to the problem of resolving disputes over joint property grants to children along with consideration of decisions from the panel of judges. The results of this study are: 1) through legal considerations, the judge declared the gas station grant valid and rejected the ratification of the coffee powder company grant stamp scales mas because it was considered insufficient evidence. 2) the cancellation or withdrawal of the grant proposed by the defendants was rejected by the judge because the ratification of the grant was deemed to have met the requirements in carrying out grant activities. 3) settlement of grant dispute cases in terms of the Compilation of Islamic Law, namely: contained in Article 210 to Article 212 of the Compilation of Islamic Law. 4) settlement of grant dispute cases in terms of the Sharia Economic Law Compilation, namely: contained in articles 685 to 727 of the Sharia Economic Law Compilation

Kerr Enhanced Backaction Cooling in Magnetomechanics

Precise control over massive mechanical objects is highly desirable for testing fundamental physics and for sensing applications. A very promising approach is cavity optomechanics, where a mechanical oscillator is coupled to a cavity. Usually, such mechanical oscillators are in highly excited thermal states and require cooling to the mechanical ground state for quantum applications, which is often accomplished by utilising optomechanical backaction. However, this is not possible for increasingly massive oscillators, as due to their low frequencies conventional cooling methods are less effective. Here, we demonstrate a novel cooling scheme by using an intrinsically nonlinear cavity together with a low frequency mechanical oscillator. We demonstrate outperforming an identical, but linear, system by more than one order of magnitude. While currently limited by flux noise, theory predicts that with this approach the fundamental cooling limit of a linear system can not only be reached, but also outperformed. These results open a new avenue for efficient optomechanical cooling by exploiting a nonlinear cavity

Community-based active case-finding interventions for tuberculosis : a systematic review

This work was made possible through grants provided by the WHO Global TB Programme. RMB, ELC, and PM hold Wellcome fellowships: 203905/Z/16/Z (RMB), 200901/Z/16/Z (ELC), and 206575/Z/17/Z (PM). MR, LT, and HA are funded by part of the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 programme supported by the EU (grant number RIA2016S-1632-TREATS). AES is supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant K23AI140918.Background Community-based active case-finding interventions might identify and treat more people with tuberculosis disease than standard case detection. We aimed to assess whether active case-finding interventions can affect tuberculosis epidemiology in the wider community. Methods We did a systematic review by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies that compared tuberculosis case notification rates, tuberculosis disease prevalence, or tuberculosis infection prevalence or incidence in children, between populations exposed and unexposed to active case-finding interventions. We included studies published in English between Jan 1, 1980, and April 13, 2020. Studies of active case-finding in the general population, in populations perceived to be at high risk for tuberculosis, and in closed settings were included, whereas studies of tuberculosis screening at health-care facilities, among household contacts, or among children only, and studies that screened fewer than 1000 people were excluded. To estimate effectiveness, we extracted or calculated case notification rates, prevalence of tuberculosis disease, and incidence or prevalence of tuberculosis infection in children, and compared ratios of these outcomes between groups that were exposed or not exposed to active case-finding interventions. Results 27 883 abstracts were screened and 988 articles underwent full text review. 28 studies contributed data for analysis of tuberculosis case notifications, nine for prevalence of tuberculosis disease, and two for incidence or prevalence of tuberculosis infection in children. In one cluster-randomised trial in South Africa and Zambia, an active case-finding intervention based on community mobilisation and sputum drop-off did not affect tuberculosis prevalence, whereas, in a cluster-randomised trial in Vietnam, an active case-finding intervention based on sputum tuberculosis tests for everyone reduced tuberculosis prevalence in the community. We found inconsistent, low-quality evidence that active case-finding might increase the number of cases of tuberculosis notified in populations with structural risk factors for tuberculosis. Interpretation Community-based active case-finding for tuberculosis might be effective in changing tuberculosis epidemiology and thereby improving population health if delivered with high coverage and intensity. If possible, active case-finding projects should incorporate a well designed, robust evaluation to contribute to the evidence base and help elucidate which delivery methods and diagnostic strategies are most effective. Funding WHO Global TB Programme.Peer reviewe

Do community-based active case-finding interventions have indirect impacts on wider TB case detection and determinants of subsequent TB testing behaviour? A systematic review

Funding: This work was made possible through grants provided by the WHO Global TB Programme. RMB, ELC, and PM hold Wellcome fellowships: 203905/Z/16/Z (RMB), 200901/Z/16/Z (ELC), and 206575/Z/17/Z (PM). MR, LT, and HA are funded by part of the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 programme supported by the EU (grant number RIA2016S-1632-TREATS). AES is supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant K23AI140918. WHO facilitated discussions among authors at the design stage and contributed to this manuscript but had no role in the conduct or writing of the WHO review.Community-based active case-finding (ACF) may have important impacts on routine TB case-detection and subsequent patient-initiated diagnosis pathways, contributing “indirectly” to infectious diseases prevention and care. We investigated the impact of ACF beyond directly diagnosed patients for TB, using routine case-notification rate (CNR) ratios as a measure of indirect effect. We systematically searched for publications 01-Jan-1980 to 13-Apr-2020 reporting on community-based ACF interventions compared to a comparison group, together with review of linked manuscripts reporting knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) outcomes or qualitative data on TB testing behaviour. We calculated CNR ratios of routine case-notifications (i.e. excluding cases identified directly through ACF) and compared proxy behavioural outcomes for both ACF and comparator communities. Full text manuscripts from 988 of 23,883 abstracts were screened for inclusion; 36 were eligible. Of these, 12 reported routine notification rates separately from ACF intervention-attributed rates, and one reported any proxy behavioural outcomes. Two further studies were identified from screening 1121 abstracts for linked KAP/qualitative manuscripts. 8/12 case-notification studies were considered at critical or serious risk of bias. 8/11 non-randomised studies reported bacteriologically-confirmed CNR ratios between 0.47 (95% CI:0.41–0.53) and 0.96 (95% CI:0.94–0.97), with 7/11 reporting all-form CNR ratios between 0.96 (95% CI:0.88–1.05) and 1.09 (95% CI:1.02–1.16). One high-quality randomised-controlled trial reported a ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 0.91–1.43). KAP/qualitative manuscripts provided insufficient evidence to establish the impact of ACF on subsequent TB testing behaviour. ACF interventions with routine CNR ratios >1 suggest an indirect effect on wider TB case-detection, potentially due to impact on subsequent TB testing behaviour through follow-up after a negative ACF test or increased TB knowledge. However, data on this type of impact are rarely collected. Evaluation of routine case-notification, testing and proxy behavioural outcomes in intervention and comparator communities should be included as standard methodology in future ACF campaign study designs.Peer reviewe

Imaging Light-Induced Migration of Dislocations in Halide Perovskites with 3D Nanoscale Strain Mapping

In recent years, halide perovskite materials have been used to make high performance solar cell and light-emitting devices. However, material defects still limit device performance and stability. Here, we use synchrotron-based Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging to visualise nanoscale strain fields, such as those local to defects, in halide perovskite microcrystals. We find significant strain heterogeneity within MAPbBr$_{3}$ (MA = CH$_{3}$NH$_{3}^{+}$) crystals in spite of their high optoelectronic quality, and identify both $\langle$100$\rangle$ and $\langle$110$\rangle$ edge dislocations through analysis of their local strain fields. By imaging these defects and strain fields in situ under continuous illumination, we uncover dramatic light-induced dislocation migration across hundreds of nanometres. Further, by selectively studying crystals that are damaged by the X-ray beam, we correlate large dislocation densities and increased nanoscale strains with material degradation and substantially altered optoelectronic properties assessed using photoluminescence microscopy measurements. Our results demonstrate the dynamic nature of extended defects and strain in halide perovskites and their direct impact on device performance and operational stability.Comment: Main text and Supplementary Information. Main text: 15 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary Information: 16 pages, 27 figures, 1 tabl

PEMANTAUN KONDISI INVERTEBRATA MENGGUNAKAN METODE REEF CHECK, DI PERAIRAN SELAT SEMPU, KABUPATEN MALANG

Reef Check merupakan sebuah organisasi yang didedikasikan untuk konservasi ekosistem terumbu karang dengan menggunakan metode pemantauan ekosistem terumbu karang dan lingkungan. Teknik yang digunakan sangat sederhana serta datanya dapat dipastikan kuat secara ilmiah. Data yang didapat berupa perhitungan penutupan jenis substrat, ikan, invertebrata, spesies langka dan dampak kerusakan. Invertebrata merupakan hewan bertulang belakang yang memiliki peranan penting dalam ekosistem terumbu karang. Data invertebrata yang diambil di lapang merupakan spesies ekonomis penting yang ada di Perairan Sendang Biru. Lokasi penelitian berada di wilayah Perairan Sendang Biru, Malang Selatan. Dilakukan pengambilan data di 4 stasiun pengamatan yakni, Teluk Semut 1, Teluk Semut 2, Fish Apartment, dan Watu Meja agar dapat dilakukan adanya perbandingan kelimpahan. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan metode transek sabuk  sejauh 100 m pada 4 stasiun, dilakukan pengamatan dengan pola zig-zag dengan 5 kali pengulangan. Hasil dari monitoring 4 stasiun ini terdapat 2 ekor invertebrata Diadema urchin pada stasiun Teluk Semut 1 dan Teluk Semut 2, 3 ekor invertebrata Pencil urchin pada stasiun 3Fish Apartment, dan 2 ekor Kima dengan besar 10-20 cm pada stasiun Fish Apartment dan Watu Meja. Ketiga spesies invertebrata diatas mewakili semua invertebrata yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian. Sedikitnya jumlah kelimpahan invertebrata yang ditemukan tersebut sebanding dengan kondisi kesehatan terumbu karang yang kurang baik dan rendahnya jumlah biota pada lokasi tersebut. Kondisi kesehatan karang yang rusak diakibatkan adanya aktivitas perikanan, bleaching, dan penyakit karang. Kegiatan monitoring mengenai invertebrata di daerah tersebut perlu dilakukan kembali secara berkala agar dapat mengetahui kondisi perairan tersebut dengan adanya kelimpahan pada invertebrata.  Kata kunci: Invertebrata, Reef Check, Selat Sempu  INVERTEBRATE MONITORING USING REEF CHECK METHOD IN SELAT SEMPU WATERS, MALANG ABSTRACTReef Check is an organization which dedicated to the conservation of coral reef ecosystems by using monitoring coral reef ecosystems and the environment method. The technique was simple and can be done by every one who had scientific. The data collected is the calculation of the cover substrates, fish, invertebrates, rare species and damage Invertebrates are vertebrates that have an important role in the ecosystem of coral reefs. invertebrates data which taken in the field is an economically important species in Sendang Biru. The data collected is the calculation of the closing type of substrates, fish, invertebrates, rare species and impacts that occur by looking at the research site conditions. The research location is in the area of Sendang Biru, South Malang. The data collection is done in four station in order to compare and get a calculation of the observations. The research method using belt transect as far as 100m on 4 stations, the observation done with a zig-zag pattern and visually observe the coral reff. Data collection was performed in five repetitions. The Result oh the monitoring in 4 stations, show 2 individual Diadema urchin on the Teluk Semut 1 and 2, 3 Individual of Pencil urchin on Fish Apartment station, and 2 Kima with a size 10-20cm on Fish Apartment and Watu Meja station. The least amount of invertebrate discovered show the ecological balance between the coral cover and fish populayion. The ecological condition of corals were damaged due to their fishing activities, bleaching and coral disease. Monitoring activities of the invertebrates in the area needs to be continue in order to determine the condition of these area.  Keywords : Invetebrate, Reef Check, Selat Semp