How much rain is too much for a GPR survey? Results of the Borre Monitoring Project

Soil moisture variation is complex and depends on a range of factors, which complicates the formulation of recommendations for GPR surveys. Low amounts of soil moisture produced GPR data of higher quality. However, precipitation rates as well as chronological sequence of precipitation/thawing processes and the GPR survey are of importance. Winter months can offer favorable conditions for GPR surveys if temperatures remain negative over a prolonged time period, allowing for frost to build in the ground. Results of the Borre Monitoring Project (BMP) are valid only for sites with similar settings as Borre; the monitoring approach, however, can be transferred to larger regions with more representative sites

Expressions 1998-1999

https://openspace.dmacc.edu/expressions/1018/thumbnail.jp

Delineating an Unmarked Graveyard by High-Resolution GPR and pXRF Prospection: The Medieval Church Site of Furulund in Norway

The lack of accurate locational information on abandoned medieval and later graveyards constitutes a considerable challenge to national and local bodies tasked with their protection and management. These sites are increasingly in danger of destruction due to climatic changes, intensified farming schemes or developmental encroachment, and there is an ever-growing need to develop nonintrusive methods to ensure their detection and delineation so that they can be protected. In 2014, the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage received alarming information on the worsening state of the medieval church site at Furulund, in the southeast of the country. A successful, cost-effective campaign using high-resolution, large-scale georadar surveys in conjunction with geochemical mapping using portable XRF was undertaken in order to delineate and characterise the graveyard so that remedial actions could be initiated and the graveyard protected. Whilst the interpretations are unique to the site, the method combination has the potential to effectively resolve detection and protection of other, similar sites in Norway and beyond

Age differences in fall-related injury hospitalisations and trauma presentations

AIM: To examine fall-related hospitalised morbidity in New South Wales (NSW) and to describe the pattern of fall-related major trauma presentations at a Level 1 Trauma Centre in NSW for younger and older fallers. METHODS: Fall-related injuries were identified in the NSW Admitted Patients Data Collection during 1 July 1999-30 June 2008 and the trauma registry of the NSW St George Public Hospital during 1 January 2006-6 December 2008. RESULTS: There were 434 138 hospitalisations and 862 fall-related trauma presentations. Older fallers had a higher incidence of hospitalisation, being more likely to fall on the same level during general activities at home, injuring their hip or thigh. Older fallers were also more likely to have an Injury Severity Score > 9, undergo physiotherapy and stay in hospital for >1 day than younger fallers. CONCLUSION: Falls, particularly for older individuals, are an important cause of serious injury, representing a considerable burden in terms of hospitalised morbidity.9 page(s

Fluorescence Quenching by SequentialHydrogen, Electron, and Proton Transfer in theProximity of a Conical Intersection

Radical-pair disproportionation through sequential electron–proton transfer (Polanyi's harpoon) is one efficient mechanism leading to quenching fluorescence of n,π*-excited states by hydrogen donors. This mechanism is demonstrated by ab initio MS-CASPT2 calculations and experimental investigations (photoproduct studies and EPR spin-trapping experiments) on the quenching of singlet-excited azoalkanes by chlorinated hydrocarbons

Evaluation of a tiered trauma call system in a level 1 trauma centre

BACKGROUND: Appropriate triage of the trauma patient is essential to ensure prompt access to definitive care. Many trauma centres use a "tiered" trauma call protocol with the intention of providing a match between the facility's resources and the needs of the patient. This study describes the incidence and impact of undertriage on the trauma patient in the context of an Australian level 1 trauma centre with a tiered trauma call system. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of prospective data collected through the Trauma Registry. Undertriage was defined as sustaining an injury severity score greater than 15 and receiving a non optimal response (i.e., trauma standby call or no call). The level of association between outcome measures (such as LOS in ED, time to OT) and the level of trauma call the patient received was assessed using a general linear model, controlling for injury severity and haemodynamic stability. RESULTS: Between February 2004 and November 2008, 5233 patients meeting trauma criteria presented to the study hospital. There was an undertriage rate of 42% and overtriage rate of 21%. Patients were more likely to be undertriaged if they were older, self-presented, their cause of injury was assault or their head or chest were their most severely injured body region. Undertriaged patients had a significantly longer LOS in the ED (2 h) than appropriately triaged patients. CONCLUSION: The implementation of a tiered trauma call system resulted in significant undertriage,especially if the patient was older, had been assaulted or had a head/chest injury. Undertriaged patients experienced delay to definitive care. This study has highlighted the importance of compliance with trauma team activation criteria, trauma monitoring and evaluation.6 page(s