Koulun toimenpiteet runsaasti poissaolevan oppilaan hyvinvoinnin tukemiseksi

Perusopetuslain ja perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteiden uudistamisen myötä koulun toimijoil-ta vaaditaan enemmän panostusta ennaltaehkäisevään ja oppilaiden hyvinvointia tukevaan työhön. Ope-tus- ja kulttuuriministeriö on myöntänyt valtakunnallisen Kelpo-hankkeen puitteissa avustusta kouluille uusia vaatimuksia vastaavien toimintojen kehitystyöhön. Tutkielma oli tapaustutkimus, joka tarkasteli erään Kelpo-hankkeeseen kuuluvan koulun interventiota runsaasti poissaolevan oppilaan tilanteeseen puututtaessa ja hyvinvointia tuettaessa. Tutkielmassa näkökulma hyvinvointiin oli positiivinen. Osaami-sen ja auttamisen taidon katsottiin löytyvän koulusta ja sen toimijoiden ammattitaidosta. Hyvinvoinnin tarkastelemiseksi luotiin eri tieteenalojen hyvinvointiteoreettisiin näkemyksiin pohjautuva analyyttinen viitekehys, oppilashyvinvointi. Oppilashyvinvointi kouluympäristössä sisältää sosiaalisten suhteiden, itsensä toteuttamisen ja koulun olosuhteiden ulottuvuudet. Poissaolojen katsotaan lisäävän oppilaan ongelmia ja kasautuessaan ne voivat aiheuttaa syrjäytymistä. Hyvinvointia tukemalla voidaan vähentää poissaoloja. Näin poissaolot valikoituivat tutkielmassa osoittimeksi, jonka perusteella tapaus valittiin. Tutkielman tapauksena oli yksi tietyssä toimintaympäristössä toteutettu interventio. Interventio syntyy sen osapuolten välisessä vuorovaikutuksessa. Siihen vaikuttavat sosiaalinen ja toiminnallinen konteksti sekä sille annetut merkitykset ja tulkinnat. Tutkielma tuottaa kuvailevaa tietoa intervention sisällöstä. Realistisen arvioinnin avulla tarkasteltiin interventiossa syntyneitä hyvinvointia tukevia mekanismeja eli muutoksen aikaansaavia tekijöitä. Mekanismeiksi muodostui oppilaan tavoitteellinen osallistaminen, ammatillinen positiivisuus ja yksilökohtainen jousto opetusjärjestelyissä. Nämä lisäsivät oppilaan mah-dollisuuksia saavuttaa koulutyölle asetettuja monitasoisia tavoitteita. Päämääränä oli tuottaa tietoa tavoit-teellisen ja suunnitelmallisen hyvinvointityön tueksi

Ribbon: Visualizing complex genome alignments and structural variation

To the Editor Visualization has played an extremely important role in the current genomic revolution to inspect and understand variants, expression patterns, evolutionary changes, and a number of other relationships 1–3 . However, most of the information in read-to-reference or genome-genome alignments is lost for structural variations in the one-dimensional views of most genome browsers showing only reference coordinates. Instead, structural variations captured by long reads or assembled contigs often need more context to understand, including alignments and other genomic information from multiple chromosomes

Accurate detection of complex structural variations using single-molecule sequencing

Structural variations are the greatest source of genetic variation, but they remain poorly understood because of technological limitations. Single-molecule long-read sequencing has the potential to dramatically advance the field, although high error rates are a challenge with existing methods. Addressing this need, we introduce open-source methods for long-read alignment (NGMLR; https://github.com/philres/ngmlr ) and structural variant identification (Sniffles; https://github.com/fritzsedlazeck/Sniffles ) that provide unprecedented sensitivity and precision for variant detection, even in repeat-rich regions and for complex nested events that can have substantial effects on human health. In several long-read datasets, including healthy and cancerous human genomes, we discovered thousands of novel variants and categorized systematic errors in short-read approaches. NGMLR and Sniffles can automatically filter false events and operate on low-coverage data, thereby reducing the high costs that have hindered the application of long reads in clinical and research settings

Phased diploid genome assembly with single-molecule real-time sequencing

While genome assembly projects have been successful in many haploid and inbred species, the assembly of noninbred or rearranged heterozygous genomes remains a major challenge. To address this challenge, we introduce the open-source FALCON and FALCON-Unzip algorithms (https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/FALCON/) to assemble long-read sequencing data into highly accurate, contiguous, and correctly phased diploid genomes. We generate new reference sequences for heterozygous samples including an F1 hybrid of Arabidopsis thaliana, the widely cultivated Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, and the coral fungus Clavicorona pyxidata, samples that have challenged short-read assembly approaches. The FALCON-based assemblies are substantially more contiguous and complete than alternate short- or long-read approaches. The phased diploid assembly enabled the study of haplotype structure and heterozygosities between homologous chromosomes, including the identification of widespread heterozygous structural variation within coding sequences

Pandemic at Pacific

The classic SIR model for disease spread utilizes a system of ODE\u27S that assume a population is well mixed and displays some homogenous behavior. In this project we investigate how accurate this assumption is by comparison with a more realistic Network Model for disease spread. For the Network Model we came up with four different possible degree distributions: Uniform, Power Law, Binomial, and Bimodal Binomial. We found that the ODE model severely overestimates both the size of the outbreak and its duration. The difference between the 4 distributions was not as large as the ODE model; the largest difference was a 20% higher number of total infected in the Binomial versus the Power Law distribution. Next, we investigated the effect of a limited amount of vaccinations on different networks (specifically Binomial and Power Law). We proposed 3 possible vaccination strategies: 1. Target vaccinations to those with the highest number of unvaccinated connections. 2. Target vaccinations to those with the lowest number of unvaccinated connections. 3. Randomly vaccinate. We discovered that strategy 1 was significantly more effective than strategy 2 for Power Law (31% fewer people infected) but not for Binomial (7% fewer). Thus we conclude that before an optimized strategy for distributing a limited supply of vaccines can be designed, the degree distribution of the actual population must be investigated

Pandemic at Pacific

The classic SIR model for disease spread utilizes a system of ODE\u27S that assume a population is well mixed and displays some homogenous behavior. In this project we investigate how accurate this assumption is by comparison with a more realistic Network Model for disease spread. For the Network Model we came up with four different possible degree distributions: Uniform, Power Law, Binomial, and Bimodal Binomial. We found that the ODE model severely overestimates both the size of the outbreak and its duration. The difference between the 4 distributions was not as large as the ODE model; the largest difference was a 20% higher number of total infected in the Binomial versus the Power Law distribution. Next, we investigated the effect of a limited amount of vaccinations on different networks (specifically Binomial and Power Law). We proposed 3 possible vaccination strategies: 1. Target vaccinations to those with the highest number of unvaccinated connections. 2. Target vaccinations to those with the lowest number of unvaccinated connections. 3. Randomly vaccinate. We discovered that strategy 1 was significantly more effective than strategy 2 for Power Law (31% fewer people infected) but not for Binomial (7% fewer). Thus we conclude that before an optimized strategy for distributing a limited supply of vaccines can be designed, the degree distribution of the actual population must be investigated

Messing with Perfection: Analysis of the 5\u27 untranslated region (5\u27UTR) of the alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) gene in recombinant protein expression in Pichia pastoris

Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast that has been genetically engineered to express over one thousand heterologous proteins valued for industrial, pharmaceutical, and basic research purposes. In most cases, the 5\u27 untranslated region (UTR) of the alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) gene is fused to the coding sequence of the recombinant gene for protein expression in the yeast. Because the effect of the AOX1 5\u27UTR on protein expression is not known, site-directed mutagenesis was performed in order to decrease or increase the length of this region. Both of these types of changes were shown to affect translational efficiency, not transcript stability. While increasing the length of the 5\u27UTR clearly decreased expression of a beta-galactosidase reporter in a proportional manner, a deletion analysis demonstrated that the AOX1 5\u27UTR contains a complex mixture of both positive and negative cis-acting elements, suggesting that the construction of a synthetic 5\u27UTR optimized for a higher level of expression may be challenging

Messing with Perfection: Analysis of the 5\u27 untranslated region (5\u27UTR) of the alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) gene in recombinant protein expression in Pichia pastoris

Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast that has been genetically engineered to express over one thousand heterologous proteins valued for industrial, pharmaceutical, and basic research purposes. In most cases, the 5\u27 untranslated region (UTR) of the alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) gene is fused to the coding sequence of the recombinant gene for protein expression in the yeast. Because the effect of the AOX1 5\u27UTR on protein expression is not known, site-directed mutagenesis was performed in order to decrease or increase the length of this region. Both of these types of changes were shown to affect translational efficiency, not transcript stability. While increasing the length of the 5\u27UTR clearly decreased expression of a beta-galactosidase reporter in a proportional manner, a deletion analysis demonstrated that the AOX1 5\u27UTR contains a complex mixture of both positive and negative cis-acting elements, suggesting that the construction of a synthetic 5\u27UTR optimized for a higher level of expression may be challenging

Analysis of the 5’Untranslated Region (5’UTR) of the Alcohol Oxidase 1 Gene as a Regulator of Translation in Pichia pastoris

Introduction: Pichia pastoris is a yeast commonly used for foreign protein expression. The coding sequences of foreign proteins are inserted after the AOXI promoter. The 5’ untranslated region (UTR) is part of the mRNA before the coding sequence, which affects the rate of translation (protein production) by ribosomes.Objective: We are trying to figure out the correlation between 5’ UTR structure and degree of protein expression.Methods: Oligonucleotide primers were used in mutagenesis to make deletions in the 5’ UTR on a plasmid that contains the beta-galactosidase gene (encoding a reporter protein) as the coding sequence. We used beta-galactosidase assays to measure protein expression in the yeast.Results and Conclusions: All deletions caused decreased beta-galactosidase expression in the yeast, suggesting that they all enhance translation. No negative-acting sequences have ever been found