My Nature Land

A poem by Dashdorj Natsagdorj on his love and passion for his native land: Mongolia

동반 질환을 가진 조기 위암 환자들의 내시경 점막하 박리술 후의 임상적 결과

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 의과대학 의학과, 2021.8. 김상균.Background and Aims: As endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer (EGC) has increased in patients with co-morbid diseases, it has been needed to elucidate the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for EGC in patients with co-morbid diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes after ESD for EGC in patients with co-morbid diseases. Methods: A total of 969 patients with 1015 lesions who underwent ESD for EGC in Seoul National University Hospital between 2010 to 2014 were analyzed. Short and long-term clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the status of co-morbidities. Results: Co-morbidities were combined in 558 patients (57.6%). Patients using antithrombotics were more common in the co-morbidity group (29.5% vs. 0.9%; P<0.0001). Although the procedure-related complications (bleeding and perforation) were not significantly different between the two groups, the hospital stay was significantly longer (1.8 vs. 1.4 days; P=0.023), and the survival was significantly shorter in the co-morbidity group (5-year overall survival rate 97.3% in previous healthy group, 93.8% in mild disease group and 74.7% in moderate to severe disease group; P<0.0001, 5-year disease-specific survival rate 100%, 98.5% and 95.2%; P=0.016, 5-year disease-free survival rate 89.2%, 86.4% and 70.7%; P=0.001). Conclusions: ESD could be performed with a comparable risk of complications even for patients with co-morbid conditions. As the long-term survival was significantly lower in the patients with co-morbidities, meticulous follow-up is mandatory for the patients with co-morbidities.서론: 동반 질환을 가지고 있는 환자에서의 조기 위암 치료를 위한 내시경 절제술이 증가함에 따라 동반 질환 환자에서 조기 위암 치료를 위한 내시경 점막하 박리술의 효과를 연구할 필요가 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 동반 질환 환자에서 조기 위암에 대한 내시경 점막하 박리술 후의 임상 결과를 분석하는 것이다. 방법: 2010 년부터 2014 년까지 서울대학교병원에서 조기 위암으로 내시경 점막하 박리술을 받은 969 명의 환자 및 1015 개의 병변을 분석 하였다. 단기 및 장기 임상 결과는 동반 질환에 상태에 따라 평가되었다. 결과: 558 명의 환자 (57.6%)에서 동반 질환이 보고되었다. 항응고제를 사용하는 환자는 동반 질환 군에서 더 흔했다 (29.5% 대 0.9%; P<0.0001). 시술 관련 합병증 (출혈 및 천공)은 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었지만 입원 기간은 유의하게 길었고 (1.8 대 1.4 일; P=0.023) 생존율은 동반 질환 군에서 유의하게 짧았다 (5년 전체 생존율 97.3% - 동반질환이 없는 군, 93.8% - 경증 질환 군, 74.7% - 중증 질환 군; P<0.0001, 5년 질병 별 생존율 100%, 98.5%와 95.2%; P=0.016, 5년 무병 생존율 89.2%, 86.4%와 70.7%; P=0.007). 결론: 내시경 점막하 박리술은 동반 질환을 가진 환자에게도 합병증의 위험이 낮게 수행 될 수 있다. 동반 질환이 있는 환자의 장기 생존율이 비교적 낮기 때문에 동반 질환이 있는 환자의 경우 더욱 자세한 추적 조사가 필요하다.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Methods 3 2.1. Participants 3 2.2. ESD procedure 4 2.3. Histopathological evaluation 5 2.4. Follow-up 6 2.5. Outcome assessment 7 2.6. Statistical methods 8 Chapter 3. Results 9 3.1. Baseline characteristics 9 3.2. Clinical outcomes of ESD 10 3.3. Survival analysis 10 Chapter 4. Discussion 12 Bibliography 16 Abstract in Korean 28석

Climate biocapacity of Mongolia and its change

This paper has looked into the estimated results of climate biocapacity in Mongolia. The soil moisture supply was assessed through annual precipitation, Shashko’s humidity coefficient, Selyainov’s heat-moisture coefficient and Ivanov-Mezentsev climate biological productivity index. Finally, their long-term trends have been considered as well. The results are consistent with vegetation zones, summer mean pasture yield and existing arable farming region in the country. Therefore, the results are applicable in Mongolia’s conditions. Also, the heat supply during growing season is estimated by daily average temperature, which fluctuates from 5 and 10oC in spring and autumn respectively, the sum total of effective and active temperature. Since 1960, the growing season in the country has lengthened by 3 weeks and the sum of active temperature above 10oC has increased by 80-90oC, although the moisture supply of vegetation is weakening and moreover, climate biocapacity is decreasing

17世紀のモンゴル北部辺境地域

早大学位記番号:新7245早稲田大

Influence of co-milling oxide physical properties on the structural changes of natural clinoptilolite zeolites

Zeolites are a family of open-framework aluminosilicate minerals used in many diverse fields, including building materials, agriculture, water treatment, and catalysis. In this study, natural zeolites were mechano-chemically treated by co-milling with corundum and cristobalite. The idea behind the study was that co-milling with high-hardness oxides would cause natural zeolite to undergo more structural distortion, potentially increasing its reactivity and sorption capabilities. Corundum has a density of 3.95 g/cm3 and a hardness of 9, while cristobalite has a density of 2.27 g/cm3 and a hardness of 6-7, according to the Mohs hardness scale. In a planetary ball mill, the zeolites and 20 wt.% of various oxides were co-ground for 30 min. The grinding media used were hardened steel balls with a weight ratio of 20:1 between the balls and the minerals. Raw minerals and milled products were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It revealed that co-milling with different hardness oxides had a minor effect on the structural distortion of raw zeolite. Crystallite size reduction and amorphization were observed in high hardness oxides rather than in zeolite particles. After milling, the amorphization of natural zeolite milled alone was 30.4%, while no significant amorphization was observed when co-milled with corundum and cristobalite. Preliminary results of Cr(VI) adsorption tests on raw and milled zeolites indicate that co-milling with high-hardness oxides is not the preferred method to enhance the activity of natural zeolite

ミブンカガタ イガン デノ チョウ ハツゲン ノ シュヨウナイ タヨウセイ ハ カンキョウ カラノ ユウドウ ト ガン シンテン ニ トモナウ ユウドウ ノ ソウシツ ヲ ハンエイシテイル

学位授与機関：　滋賀医科大学　博士（医学）第572号　平成20年9月10日Histopathology. 53(6), p.685-697

On the people of Khariad (Qariyad)

Le document traite de migrants bouriates qui ont été forcés de fuir en Mongolie Khalkh, face à l’expansion moscovite vers la région du Baïkal, au milieu du XVIIe siècle. En tant que membres de l’alliance des Quatre Oyirad, ils avaient été incorporés au sein de la population Khalkh pendant les guerres Oyirad-mongoles du XVIe siècle et avaient alors été qualifiés de Khariads par les Mongols Khalkh et considérés comme des sujets des nobles Khalkh. Des travaux plus anciens, en particulier ceux de l’ex-Union soviétique, estimaient que presque tous les migrants bouriates étaient des victimes des cruels seigneurs mongols qui étaient rentrés dans leur pays d’origine motivés par le régime plus doux des Moscovites. Mais, comme le montre cet article, la plupart des migrants bouriates sont restés au sein de la population des Mongols Khalkh et cependant les souvenirs de leur origine bouriate continuent à survivre.The paper discusses Buryat migrants who were forced to flee to Khalkh Mongolia in the middle of the 17th century in the face of the Muscovite expansion toward the Baikal region. Being members of the Four Oyirad alliance, they were incorporated into Khalkh during the Oyirad-Mongol wars in the 16th century and began to be called Khariads by Khalkh Mongols and counted as the subjects of Khalkh nobles. Earlier scholarship, especially that of the former Soviet Union, considered almost all Buryat migrants as victims of cruel Mongol lords who had fled back to their homeland seeking the gentler rule of the Muscovites. However, as shown in this paper, although many of the Buryat migrants remained among the Khalkh Mongols, the memory of their Buryat origin has survived to the present day

Impacts of operating conditions on specific cake resistance in dead-end microfiltration process

In the present work, the fouling behavior and the corresponding specific cake resistance of polyethersulfone microfiltration membrane fouled by using different solutions (bovine serum albumin solution, sodium alginate solution, humic acid and activated sludge suspension) under different operating conditions, transmembrane pressure (TMP), concentration (C), stirred speed (ω) and temperature (T) were systematically investigated. The ensuing results showed that the proposed equation can be used to accurately calculate instantaneous specific cake resistance (α). The average specific cake resistance increased with increasing operating pressure, concentration, and stirred speed, while it decreased with increasing operating temperature. The average specific cake resistance of sodium alginate (SA) was larger and the sequence was SA&gt;HA&gt;BSA&gt;AS