Asymptotic global robustness in bayesian decision theory

In Bayesian decision theory, it is known that robustness with respect to the loss and the prior can be improved by adding new observations. In this article we study the rate of robustness improvement with respect to the number of observations n. Three usual measures of posterior global robustness are considered: the (range of the) Bayes actions set derived from a class of loss functions, the maximum regret of using a particular loss when the subjective loss belongs to a given class and the range of the posterior expected loss when the loss function ranges over a class. We show that the rate of convergence of the first measure of robustness is \sqrtn, while it is n for the other measures under reasonable assumptions on the class of loss functions. We begin with the study of two particular cases to illustrate our results.Comment: Published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org) in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/00905360400000056

Unpacking opportunity recognition for sustainable entrepreneurship

Sustainable entrepreneurs can find solutions to the largest challenges that humanity faces by starting a new company. However, to be able to do that, they first need to recognize a business opportunity. Therefore, I analyse the following question: where, how, and why do entrepreneurs recognize business opportunities for a sustainable business? To recognize a business opportunity is crucial for entrepreneurs, because without a business opportunity, there is no entrepreneurship. Opportunity recognition is essentially a match of (1) resources that the entrepreneur has access to, and (2) a need, interest or want in the market. The entrepreneur combines these into an idea and a plan for a new venture. Sustainable entrepreneurs need to first recognize a sustainability problem and find a market solution to this problem, before they can recognize a sustainable opportunity. My research shows that: (1) sustainable entrepreneurs recognize opportunities at places in the Netherlands where there already is a concentration of entrepreneurs in the same sector, (2) identity, values and problem recognition conjointly explain why entrepreneurs recognize sustainable opportunities, (3) entrepreneurs recognize sustainable opportunities through identity processes and the translation of complex into specific problems, and (4) they create opportunities by fostering a sustainable consumer culture in market niches. These findings help to unpack the concept of sustainable opportunity recognition. The findings can also aid (aspiring) entrepreneurs to recognize new sustainable opportunities, help teachers to learn students to recognize new opportunities and to help policy makers to stimulate sustainable entrepreneurship based on regional characteristics

CEDAW\u27s Promise for Strengthening Law-Enforcement Accountability to Survivors of Domestic and Sexual Violence in the United States

Article published in the Michigan State Law Review

The Procedural Foundation of Substantive Law

The substance-procedure dichotomy is a popular target of scholarly criticism because procedural law is inherently substantive. This article argues that substantive law is also inherently procedural. I suggest that the construction of substantive law entails assumptions about the procedures that will apply when that substantive law is ultimately enforced. Those procedures are embedded in the substantive law and, if not applied, will lead to over- or under-enforcement of the substantive mandate. Yet the substance-procedure dichotomy encourages us to treat procedural systems as essentially fungible-leading to a problem of mismatches between substantive law and unanticipated procedures. I locate this argument about the procedural foundation of substantive law within a broader discussion of the origin and status of the substanceprocedure dichotomy

Framework of Sustainability Assessment (FSA) method for manufacturing industry in Malaysia

In recent years, our planet faced massive social, environmental and economic challenges. Moreover, Environmental Democracy Index (EDI) published that Malaysia has been ranked as the second worst environmental democracy among 70 countries in May 2015. This is due to lack of participation in sustainability compliance and less awareness on sustainability by Malaysia's business partners. By combating and achieving these, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) defines global priorities and inspirations through Agenda 2030 that recognize by United Nation. This paper attempts to propose Framework Sustainability Assessment (FSA) to assess sustainability for the various sector in Malaysia. This framework will give an overview to reduce the noise from wide data collection to a single element. Lastly, it will integrate the current performance with the linkage of the SDGs and the sustainability elements by dividing into three phase which is baselining, clustering and correlation. Now it is time for business to take action especially every sector or industry in Malaysia and it will improve the awareness and enhance Environmental Democracy Index to a better rank in future

Pharaohs, Nubians, and Antiquities: International Law Suggests It\u27s Time for a Change in Egypt

Part I of this Comment describes the history and structure of Egypt\u27s antiquities laws. It also describes Egypt\u27s relevant international obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. In Part II, this Comment argues that the current state of Egypt\u27s antiquities system is inconsistent with its international obligations. Part II considers whether Egypt\u27s exclusion of the Nubians stems from Egyptological superiority narratives and analyzes which narratives Egypt could adopt without violating international law. Finally, Part III of this Comment proposes potential solutions that promote Nubian inclusion and Egyptian compliance with CERD, ICESCR, and UNDRIPs