901 research outputs found
Faking and the Validity of Personality Tests: An Experimental Investigation Using Modern Forced Choice Measures
Despite the established validity of personality measures for personnel selection, their susceptibility to faking has been a persistent concern. However, the lack of studies that combine generalizability with experimental control makes it difficult to determine the effects of applicant faking. This study addressed this deficit in two ways. First, we compared a subtle incentive to fake with the explicit “fake-good” instructions used in most faking experiments. Second, we compared standard Likert scales to multidimensional forced choice (MFC) scales designed to resist deception, including more and less fakable versions of the same MFC inventory. MFC scales substantially reduced motivated score elevation but also appeared to elicit selective faking on work-relevant dimensions. Despite reducing the effectiveness of impression management attempts, MFC scales did not retain more validity than Likert scales when participants faked. However, results suggested that faking artificially bolstered the criterion-related validity of Likert scales while diminishing their construct validity
Prevalence, Enabling Factors, and Clinical Outcome
Background: Striatocapsular infarcts (SCIs) are defined as large subcortical
infarcts involving the territory of more than one lenticulostriate artery. SCI
without concomitant ischemia in the more distal middle cerebral artery (MCA)
territory [isolated SCI (iSCI)] has been described as a rare infarct pattern.
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of iSCI in patients
treated with endovascular thrombectomy (ET), to evaluate baseline and
procedural parameters associated with this condition, and to describe the
clinical course of iSCI patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 206
consecutive patients with an isolated MCA occlusion involving the
lenticulostriate arteries and treated with ET was performed. Baseline patient
and procedural characteristics and ischemic involvement of the striatocapsular
and distal MCA territory [iSCI, as opposed to non-isolated SCI (niSCI)] were
analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. Prevalence of iSCI was
assessed, and clinical course was determined with the rates of substantial
neurological improvement and good functional short- and mid-term outcome
(discharge/day 90 Modified Rankin Scale ≤2). Results: iSCI was detected in 53
patients (25.7%), and niSCI was detected in 153 patients (74.3%). Successful
reperfusion [thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 2b/3] [adjusted odds
ration (aOR) 8.730, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.069–71.308] and good
collaterals (aOR 2.100, 95% CI 1.119–3.944) were associated with iSCI. In
successfully reperfused patients, TICI 3 was found to be an additional factor
associated with iSCI (aOR 5.282, 1.759–15.859). Patients with iSCI had higher
rates of substantial neurological improvement (71.7 vs. 37.9%, p < 0.001) and
higher rates of good functional short- and mid-term outcome (58.3 vs. 23.7%, p
< 0.001 and 71.4 vs. 41.7%, p < 0.001). However, while iSCI patients, in
general, had a more favorable outcome, considerable heterogeneity in outcome
was observed. Conclusion: High rates of successful reperfusion (TICI 2b/3) and
in particular, complete reperfusion (TICI 3) are associated with iSCIs. The
high prevalence of iSCI in successfully reperfused patients with good
collaterals corroborates previous concepts of iSCI pathogenesis. iSCI, once
considered a rare pattern of cerebral ischemia, is likely to become more
prevalent with increases in endovascular stroke therapy. This may have
implications for patient rehabilitation and pathophysiological analyses of
ischemic damage confined to subcortical regions of the MCA territory
Families of Invariant Divisors on Rational Complexity-One T-Varieties
We study invariant divisors on the total spaces of the homogeneous
deformations of rational complexity-one T-varieties constructed by Ilten and
Vollmert. In particular, we identify a natural subgroup of the Picard group for
any general fiber of such a deformation, which is canonically isomorphic to the
Picard group of the special fiber. This isomorphism preserves Euler
characteristic, intersection numbers, and the canonical class.Comment: v4 minor changes: 17 pages and 3 figure
Classifying Organizations for Food System Ontologies using Natural Language Processing
Our research explores the use of natural language processing (NLP) methods to
automatically classify entities for the purpose of knowledge graph population
and integration with food system ontologies. We have created NLP models that
can automatically classify organizations with respect to categories associated
with environmental issues as well as Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
codes, which are used by the U.S. government to characterize business
activities. As input, the NLP models are provided with text snippets retrieved
by the Google search engine for each organization, which serves as a textual
description of the organization that is used for learning. Our experimental
results show that NLP models can achieve reasonably good performance for these
two classification tasks, and they rely on a general framework that could be
applied to many other classification problems as well. We believe that NLP
models represent a promising approach for automatically harvesting information
to populate knowledge graphs and aligning the information with existing
ontologies through shared categories and concepts.Comment: Presented at IFOW 2023 Integrated Food Ontology Workshop at the
Formal Ontology in Information Systems Conference (FOIS) 2023 in Sherbrooke,
Quebec, Canada July 17-20th, 202
Aquila: QuEra's 256-qubit neutral-atom quantum computer
The neutral-atom quantum computer "Aquila" is QuEra's latest device available
through the Braket cloud service on Amazon Web Services (AWS). Aquila is a
"field-programmable qubit array" (FPQA) operated as an analog Hamiltonian
simulator on a user-configurable architecture, executing programmable coherent
quantum dynamics on up to 256 neutral-atom qubits. This whitepaper serves as an
overview of Aquila and its capabilities: how it works under the hood, key
performance benchmarks, and examples that demonstrate some quintessential
applications. This includes an overview of neutral-atom quantum computing, as
well as five examples of increasing complexity from single-qubit dynamics to
combinatorial optimization, implemented on Aquila. This whitepaper is intended
for readers who are interested in learning more about neutral-atom quantum
computing, as a guide for those who are ready to start using Aquila, and as a
reference point for its performance as an analog quantum computer
Synergy between CD26/DPP-IV Inhibition and G-CSF Improves Cardiac Function after Acute Myocardial Infarction
SummaryIschemic cardiomyopathy is one of the main causes of death, which may be prevented by stem cell-based therapies. SDF-1α is the major chemokine attracting stem cells to the heart. Since SDF-1α is cleaved and inactivated by CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-IV), we established a therapeutic concept—applicable to ischemic disorders in general—by combining genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of DPP-IV with G-CSF-mediated stem cell mobilization after myocardial infarction in mice. This approach leads to (1) decreased myocardial DPP-IV activity, (2) increased myocardial homing of circulating CXCR-4+ stem cells, (3) reduced cardiac remodeling, and (4) improved heart function and survival. Indeed, CD26 depletion promoted posttranslational stabilization of active SDF-1α in heart lysates and preserved the cardiac SDF-1-CXCR4 homing axis. Therefore, we propose pharmacological DPP-IV inhibition and G-CSF-based stem cell mobilization as a therapeutic concept for future stem cell trials after myocardial infarction
Measuring the Recoverability of Close Binaries in Gaia DR2 with the Robo-AO Kepler Survey
We use the Robo-AO survey of Kepler planetary candidate host stars, the largest adaptive optics survey yet performed, to measure the recovery rate of close stellar binaries in Gaia DR2. We find that Gaia recovers binaries down to 1'' at magnitude contrasts as large as six; closer systems are not resolved, regardless of secondary brightness. Gaia DR2 binary detection does not have a strong dependence on the orientation of the stellar pairs. We find 177 nearby stars to Kepler planetary candidate host stars in Gaia DR2 that were not detected in the Robo-AO survey, almost all of which are faint (G > 20); the remainder were largely targets observed by Robo-AO in poor conditions. If the primary star is the host, the impact on the radii estimates of planet candidates in these systems is likely minimal; many of these faint stars, however, could be faint eclipsing binaries that are the source of a false positive planetary transit signal. With Robo-AO and Gaia combined, we find that 18.7 ± 0.7% of Kepler planet candidate hosts have nearby stars within 4''. We also find 36 nearby stars in Gaia DR2 around 35 planetary candidate host stars detected with K2. The nearby star fraction rate for K2 planetary candidates is significantly lower than that for the primary Kepler mission. The binary recovery rate of Gaia will improve initial radius estimates of future Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite planet candidates significantly; however, ground-based high-resolution follow-up observations are still needed for precise characterization and confirmation. The sensitivity of Gaia to closely separated binaries is expected to improve in later data releases
The Asteroseismic Poltential of TESS: Exoplanet-Host Stars
New insights on stellar evolution and stellar interior physics are being made possible by asteroseismology. Throughout the course of the Kepler mission, asteroseismology has also played an important role in the characterization of exoplanet-host stars and their planetary systems. The upcoming NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will be performing a near all-sky survey for planets that transit bright nearby stars. In addition, its excellent photometric precision, combined with its fine time sampling and long intervals of uninterrupted observations, will enable asteroseismology of solar-type and red-giant stars. Here we develop a simple test to estimate the detectability of solar-like oscillations in TESS photometry of any given star. Based on an all-sky stellar and planetary synthetic population, we go on to predict the asteroseismic yield of the TESS mission, placing emphasis on the yield of exoplanet-host stars for which we expect to detect solar-like oscillations. This is done for both the target stars (observed at a 2-minute cadence) and the full-frame-image stars (observed at a 30-minute cadence). A similar exercise is also conducted based on a compilation of known host stars. We predict that TESS will detect solar-like oscillations in a few dozen target hosts (mainly subgiant stars but also in a smaller number of F dwarfs), in up to 200 low-luminosity red-giant hosts, and in over 100 solar-type and red-giant known hosts, thereby leading to a threefold improvement in the asteroseismic yield of exoplanet-host stars when compared to Kepler's.Science and Technology Facilities Council (Great Britain
- …