Porter's Diamond Model of Osijek - Baranja County Industry

Industry in Osijek-Baranja County has suffered from multiple direct and indirect consequences from the defensive war. It is estimated 60 per cent reduction in production capacities. Difficult situation was even worse as at the same time serious reduction of business activities, closing off its largest export markets, Former Yugoslavia, privatization process, and impossibility for facing foreign competition, occurred. Old technology, indifference to technical science with young people, brain drain to more perspective counties and states, and lack of financial sources, have only increased the existing problems that industry in Osijek-Baranja County is facing. In these conditions, it was hard to keep in step with global production trends and with orientation of traditional industry into “new industry” based on development and application of scientific and research work results. Industry is changing. It is changing in the way that it is becoming based on knowledge, innovation, creativity, sustainable development and new technology application in all business spheres. Because of that, industry has an influence on developing new businesses, most common non-production ones. From the moment of signing Stabilization and Association Agreement, the Republic of Croatia has possibilities to use financial resources from the European Union pre-accession instruments and funds. Thereby, Osijek-Baranja County can use great financial resources and use them to start reindustrialization in accordance with European Union industrial policy and Lisbon strategy. By creating Porter’s Diamond model of Osijek-Baranja County industry, the goal was to detect all possible opportunities and convert it to strengths, and also to include possible environment threats into long term industry development strategy. This model was used for creating implication of all factors in SWOT terminology.Osijek-Baranja County industry, “new industry”, Lisbon strategy, Porter’s Diamond model

Biological Factors in the STEM Gender Gap

The Gender gap in STEM is a long-term problem that has only recently been addressed. Research has just begun to delve into why so few women pursue university degrees in the STEM fields and even less enter the STEM workforce. This research will examine the evolutionary factors which contributed to the gender gap, such as offspring investment, greater investment in male offspring, and female risk aversion. Despite the fact that there are plenty of modern advances which should compensate for these factors, there are societal stigmas against women in the STEM workplace which allow the gender gap to continue. Societal forces such as the concept of women’s work, implicit bias, stereotypes against women, assumed motherhood for all women and the toxic STEM culture ensure that the gender gap is not alleviated. It will also explore the push back against the women going into the field. It is clear that there is a general belief that women do not belong in STEM and that those who dare pursue a career in STEM do so knowing full well that they will have to accommodate male peers and superiors. This research will attempt to explain why the STEM fields are not thought to be a place for women; why gender as a social construct has such an influence in academic and workplace politics and how this has lead to the discrepancies in gender percentages in the STEM workforce. Research will both delve into why men do not think women are good a STEM and why women have internalized the bias. While both of these issues arise from societal biases, the manifest in different ways, are processed differently and effect the respective genders differently. This research will address the gap in the literature, as all previous literature has addressed one facet of the gender gap and only done so from either an evolutionary or cultural point of view

Footsteps I would like to follow? How gender quotas affect the acceptance of women leaders as role models and inspirations for leadership

This research examines how the method of selecting women leaders affects other women’s leadership interest. The results of three experiments (N = 1,015) indicated that only when women leaders were selected due to merit, not quota-based policies, did they boost female participants’ interest in a leadership position. These reactions were mediated by perceptions of the woman leader’s deservingness of her position (Studies 1–3) and consequent acceptance as a role model (Studies 2 and 3). Accordingly, success information validating quota-based selected leaders’ competence provided a boost in leadership interest equal to that of merit-based selected leaders (Study 2). For male participants, quota but not merit-based selected women leaders lowered interest in leadership due to their pessimistic assessment of the probability of being selected (Study 1). These results suggest that a wise implementation of quota regulations includes validating women’s competence so they are perceived as deserving of their leader roles and can thus serve as inspiring role models

Preliminary evidence: the stress-reducing effect of listening to water sounds depends on somatic complaints. A randomized trial

Background: Listening to natural sounds is applied in health contexts in order to induce relaxation. However, it remains unclear whether this effect is equally efficacious in all individuals or whether it depends on interindividual differences. Given that individuals differ in how they are impaired by somatic complaints, we investigated whether somatic complaints moderate the stress-reducing effect of listening to water sounds. Methods: Sixty healthy women (Mage = 25 years) were randomly allocated to 3 different conditions (listening to water sounds, a relaxing piece of music, or no auditory stimulus: n = 20 per condition) for 10 minutes before they were exposed to a standardized psychosocial stress task. Salivary cortisol was assessed before, during, and after the stress task. For binary logistic regression analyses, participants were divided into 2 groups: 1 group with a high salivary cortisol release and 1 group with low cortisol release. The Freiburg Complaints Inventory was used to assess occurrence of somatic complaints. Results: A significant moderating effect of somatic complaints on cortisol secretion was found in the group listening to water sounds (χ2(1) = 5.87, P < .015) but not in the other 2 groups, explaining 35.7% of the variance and correctly classifying 78.9% of the cases. Conclusion: The stress-reducing effect of listening to water sounds appears to depend on the occurrence of somatic complaints. This effect was not found in the music or silence condition. Individuals with somatic complaints may benefit from other, potentially more powerful forms of stress-reducing interventions, that is, combinations of visual and auditory stimuli

High prevalence of sexual aggression in Iran: Examining Correlates of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration between Women and Men

We examined the prevalence and correlates of sexual aggression between men and women in Iran. A pre-registered survey (N=530) with behaviorally specific questions showed high prevalence of heterosexual aggression victimization and perpetration. Child sexual abuse, risky sexual behaviors, and hostile masculinity (among men) predicted higher sexual aggression among women and men

Different Sources of Allelic Variation Drove Repeated Color Pattern Divergence in Cichlid Fishes

The adaptive radiations of East African cichlid fish in the Great Lakes Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika are well known for their diversity and repeatedly evolved phenotypes. Convergent evolution of melanic horizontal stripes has been linked to a single locus harboring the gene agouti-related peptide 2 (agrp2). However, where and when the causal variants underlying this trait evolved and how they drove phenotypic divergence remained unknown. To test the alternative hypotheses of standing genetic variation versus de novo mutations (independently originating in each radiation), we searched for shared signals of genomic divergence at the agrp2 locus. Although we discovered similar signatures of differentiation at the locus level, the haplotypes associated with stripe patterns are surprisingly different. In Lake Malawi, the highest associated alleles are located within and close to the 5′ untranslated region of agrp2 and likely evolved through recent de novo mutations. In the younger Lake Victoria radiation, stripes are associated with two intronic regions overlapping with a previously reported cis-regulatory interval. The origin of these segregating haplotypes predates the Lake Victoria radiation because they are also found in more basal riverine and Lake Kivu species. This suggests that both segregating haplotypes were present as standing genetic variation at the onset of the Lake Victoria adaptive radiation with its more than 500 species and drove phenotypic divergence within the species flock. Therefore, both new (Lake Malawi) and ancient (Lake Victoria) allelic variation at the same locus fueled rapid and convergent phenotypic evolution.Peer reviewe

A multiplex-system to target 16 male-specific and 15 autosomal genetic markers for orang-utans (genus: Pongo )

Genetic studies of dispersal on local spatial and short temporal scales require a large number of autosomal microsatellites. However, the study of dispersal over large spatial scales and the resolution of deep evolutionary histories require marker systems that are preferentially inherited through the male or female line. Addressing such questions in endangered orang-utans (genus: Pongo) bears significant relevance to species conservation, as habitat destruction and fragmentation pose a significant threat to the whole genus. Here, we report 16 male-specific markers (nine human-derived microsatellites, six single nucleotide and one insertion-deletion polymorphisms), and 15 novel Pongo-derived autosomal microsatellite loci. All 31 markers can be amplified in four multiplex polymerase chain reactions even in DNA derived from faecal material. The markers can be applied to studying a wide range of important questions in this genus, such as conservation genetics, social structure, phylogeny and phylogeograph