Porównanie i ocena czynników wpływających na szczepienia przeciw COVID-19 w krajach europejskich

The Covid-19 spread has become a major challenge for humanity in the last decade. It was believed that the Covid-19 vaccine development would have to end the pandemic. On the contrary, society has faced a new challenge which is that there are both countries that cannot afford to purchase the Covid-19 vaccine and inhabitants who do not trust new vaccine. Without adequate Covid-19 vaccination level, the global pandemic is not going to end. The object of this study is factors affecting the vaccination Covid-19 in European countries. The subject of the study is the statistical analysis methods to compare and assess of factors affecting the vaccination Covid-19 in European countries. The aim of the study is to find out which concerns about vaccination are more important and have an impact on the Covid-19 vaccination level in European countries. It is examined six factors; three of them relate to the government vaccine administration, the other three are about a public opinion on Covid-19 vaccination. The analysis is carried out in 22 European countries. The result of the study allows to state that public opinions factors are more important in pandemic and have more impact on the vaccination rate.Rozprzestrzenianie się Covid-19 stało się głównym wyzwaniem dla ludzkości. Wydawało się, że opracowanie szczepionki przeciw Covid-19 zakończy pandemię. Tymczasem społeczeństwa stanęły przed nowym wyzwaniem polegającym na tym, że są zarówno kraje, których nie stać na zakup szczepionki Covid-19, jak i mieszkańcy krajów, które na nią stać, a którzy nie ufają nowym szczepionkom. Bez odpowiedniego poziomu szczepień przeciwko Covid-19 globalna pandemia szybko się nie skończy. Przedmiotem badań są czynniki wpływające na szczepienia Covid-19 w krajach europejskich. Wykorzystano metody analizy statystycznej w celu porównania i oceny czynników wpływających na szczepienie Covid-19 w krajach europejskich. Celem badania jest ustalenie, które obawy dotyczące szczepień są ważniejsze i mają wpływ na poziom szczepień Covid-19. Bada się sześć czynników; trzy z nich dotyczą rządowego systemu podawania szczepionek, pozostałe trzy dotyczą opinii publicznej na temat szczepień przeciwko Covid-19. Analiza prowadzona jest w 22 krajach europejskich. Wynik badania pozwala stwierdzić, że czynniki opinii publicznej w przypadku pandemii odgrywają największą rolę i mają większy wpływ na wskaźnik szczepień

Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Preschool Children Using Multiple Methods

Background: The ability to determine the relationship between diet and health outcomes in children requires reproducible and validated long-term dietary assessment tools such as food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Objective: To test the reproducibility and relative validity of a FFQ for young children using 24-hour food recalls (24HRs), anthropometric measurements, and a comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire (CFPQ).Methods: Children (aged 5-6) and their mothers were recruited during one school-year (2008) from preschools. Children's anthropometric measurements were obtained. Mothers provided during a personal interview on three occasions a 110-item semiquantitative FFQ, 24HRs and CFPQ. Pearson-correlation coefficients were calculated between the results of the FFQ and 3*24HR. Validity coefficients between the FFQ and the different measurements were calculated. Scores of the 12 factors of the CFPQ were calculated and related to dietary intake.Results: Sixty-six healthy children (47% boys) were recruited. Pearson's correlations between the average of the FFQs and 3*24HRs ranged from 0.3-0.6 (P<0.05). The highest correlation coefficients were 0.59 for total fat intake and 0.56 for energy. Dietary intake of energy and carbohydrates differed significantly (P=0.05, 0.001 respectively) across the three BMI z-score levels (normal-weight, overweight, obese) and the three waist circumference tertiles (0.019, 0.006 respectively). Obesogenic factors from the CFPQ correlated with consumption of empty calories like sweets, snacks, junk foods and sweet drinks.Conclusions: The modified FFQ is a relatively valid instrument to estimate mean energy intake in preschool children. The questionnaire performs reasonably well to rank children with respect to macronutrients intake as well as obesogenic food groups

Partial breastfeeding protects Bedouin infants from infection and morbidity: prospective cohort study

The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for health in infants have been widely described. The goal of this study was to determine whether partial breastfeeding has protective effects against enteric infection and associated morbidity in population where early addition of supplementation is common. In this prospective study 238 Bedouin infants were followed from birth to age 18 months. Exclusive breastfeeding was protective against infection and morbidity at ages 0 to 3 months. In the age range of 4 to 6 months, partial versus non breastfeeding was associated with lower rates of infection with Cryptosporidium spp (Odds Ratio OR 0.34, 95% confidence interval CI 0.18; 0.65), and Campylobacter spp (OR 0.58, CI 0.35; 0.98), lower rates of ear infections (OR 0.47, CI 0.24; 0.90) and of asthma (OR 0.33, CI 0.13; 0.81). In older children (10-12 month age range) partial breastfeeding as compared to none, protected against infections with Cryptosporidium spp (OR 0.57, CI 0.36; 0.91) and Giardia lamblia (OR 0.92, CI 0.85; 0.99). In Bedouins, and possibly in other populations, even partial breastfeeding, especially at ages 4 to 6 months offers protection against infection. Thus, encouraging mothers to continue to at least partially breastfeed past age 3 months may help reduce infections and morbidity in infants

Феномен танца как объект философской рефлексии: ключевые проблемы и основные вопросы

Цель исследования – выявить важнейшие философские проблемы, связанные с постижением феномена танца во всем его многообразии

Characteristics of undernourished older medical patients and the identification of predictors for undernutrition status

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Undernutrition among older people is a continuing source of concern, particularly among acutely hospitalized patients. The purpose of the current study is to compare malnourished elderly patients with those at nutritional risk and identify factors contributing to the variability between the groups.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was carried out at the Soroka University Medical Center in the south of Israel. From September 2003 through December 2004, all patients 65 years-of-age or older admitted to any of the internal medicine departments, were screened within 72 hours of admission to determine nutritional status using the short version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF). Patients at nutritional risk were entered the study and were divided into malnourished or 'at risk' based on the full version of the MNA. Data regarding medical, nutritional, functional, and emotional status were obtained by trained interviewers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two hundred fifty-nine elderly patients, 43.6% men, participated in the study; 18.5% were identified as malnourished and 81.5% were at risk for malnutrition according to the MNA. The malnourished group was less educated, had a higher depression score and lower cognitive and physical functioning. Higher prevalence of chewing problems, nausea, and vomiting was detected among malnourished patients. There was no difference between the groups in health status indicators except for subjective health evaluation which was poorer among the malnourished group. Lower dietary score indicating lower intake of vegetables fruits and fluid, poor appetite and difficulties in eating distinguished between malnourished and at-risk populations with the highest sensitivity and specificity as compare with the anthropometric, global, and self-assessment of nutritional status parts of the MNA. In a multivariate analysis, lower cognitive function, education <12 years and chewing problems were all risk factors for malnutrition.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study indicates that low food consumption as well as poor appetite and chewing problems are associated with the development of malnutrition. Given the critical importance of nutritional status in the hospitalized elderly, further intervention trials are required to determine the best intervention strategies to overcome these problems.</p

Traffic Noise and Ambient Air Pollution Are Risk Factorsfor Preeclampsia

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of traffic-related noise (TRN), environmental noise (EN) and traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on preeclampsia. Methods: We followed 285 pregnant women from Maternal and Child Health Clinics who reported exposure to TRN on a scale from 0 (absence of EN) to 10 (high level of EN). EN was measured using a portable dosimeter, and NOx was calculated using the AERMOD pollutant dispersion model. Results: Using a multiple logistic regression model, adjusted for maternal age, BMI, number of births, fetal sex and maternal chronic illness, TRN (score &ge; 6 vs. score &lt; 6) and TRAP (NOx &ge; 300 &micro;/m3 vs. NOx &lt; 300 &micro;/m3) were noted as independent risk factors for preeclampsia, with OR = 3.07 (95% CI 0.97; 9.70, p = 0.056) and OR = 3.43 (95% CI 1.20; 9.87, p = 0.022), respectively. Joint exposure to TRN and TRAP was associated with a significant and independent risk for preeclampsia (OR of 4.11 (95% CI 1.31; 12.94, p = 0.016). Conclusions: In our population, traffic-related noise and ambient TRAP were risk factors for preeclampsia

Bedouin-Arab women's access to antenatal care at the interface of physical and structural barriers: A pilot study

Gottlieb ND, Belmaker I, Bilenko N, Davidovitch N. Bedouin-Arab women's access to antenatal care at the interface of physical and structural barriers: A pilot study. Global Public Health. 2010;6(6):643-656

Impact of Group vs. Individual Prenatal Care Provision on Women&rsquo;s Knowledge of Pregnancy-Related Topics: An Open, Controlled, Semi-Randomized Community Trial

The importance of acquiring knowledge of pregnant women on prenatal care lies in its leading to confidence and ability in decision-making. There is a growing need for a model of prenatal care that will allow nurses to provide the most efficient pregnancy-related guidance with minimum need for additional staff. This study compares the level of knowledge on subjects pertaining to pregnancy and birth in low-risk pregnancies when delivered in group versus individual settings. The study is an open, controlled, semi-randomized community trial. The intervention arm received prenatal care services in a group setting led by a nurse. The control arm received prenatal care services in routine individual meetings with a nurse. Knowledge of prenatal subjects was evaluated by questionnaires. The level of knowledge of the women in the group setting for the pre-service questionnaire was lower than that of the women in the individual group, but higher for the final questionnaire. After accounting for a starting point difference (the women in the individual care arm started with a higher knowledge score), the women in the group setting had a three-fold improvement in score compared to the women in the individual setting (p = 0.043). Prenatal care provided in a group setting may lead to better knowledge acquisition, leading to better awareness of pregnancy-related medical conditions and to enhanced adherence to recommended pregnancy tests and healthy lifestyle

Porównanie i ocena czynników wpływających na szczepienia przeciw COVID-19 w krajach europejskich

The Covid-19 spread has become a major challenge for humanity in the last decade. It was believed that the Covid-19 vaccine development would have to end the pandemic. On the contrary, society has faced a new challenge which is that there are both countries that cannot afford to purchase the Covid-19 vaccine and inhabitants who do not trust new vaccine. Without adequate Covid-19 vaccination level, the global pandemic is not going to end. The object of this study is factors affecting the vaccination Covid-19 in European countries. The subject of the study is the statistical analysis methods to compare and assess of factors affecting the vaccination Covid-19 in European countries. The aim of the study is to find out which concerns about vaccination are more important and have an impact on the Covid-19 vaccination level in European countries. It is examined six factors; three of them relate to the government vaccine administration, the other three are about a public opinion on Covid-19 vaccination. The analysis is carried out in 22 European countries. The result of the study allows to state that public opinions factors are more important in pandemic and have more impact on the vaccination rate.Rozprzestrzenianie się Covid-19 stało się głównym wyzwaniem dla ludzkości. Wydawało się, że opracowanie szczepionki przeciw Covid-19 zakończy pandemię. Tymczasem społeczeństwa stanęły przed nowym wyzwaniem polegającym na tym, że są zarówno kraje, których nie stać na zakup szczepionki Covid-19, jak i mieszkańcy krajów, które na nią stać, a którzy nie ufają nowym szczepionkom. Bez odpowiedniego poziomu szczepień przeciwko Covid-19 globalna pandemia szybko się nie skończy. Przedmiotem badań są czynniki wpływające na szczepienia Covid-19 w krajach europejskich. Wykorzystano metody analizy statystycznej w celu porównania i oceny czynników wpływających na szczepienie Covid-19 w krajach europejskich. Celem badania jest ustalenie, które obawy dotyczące szczepień są ważniejsze i mają wpływ na poziom szczepień Covid-19. Bada się sześć czynników; trzy z nich dotyczą rządowego systemu podawania szczepionek, pozostałe trzy dotyczą opinii publicznej na temat szczepień przeciwko Covid-19. Analiza prowadzona jest w 22 krajach europejskich. Wynik badania pozwala stwierdzić, że czynniki opinii publicznej w przypadku pandemii odgrywają największą rolę i mają większy wpływ na wskaźnik szczepień