Karakteristik Morfologi, Potensi Produksi dan Komponen Utama Rimpang Sembilan Nomor Lempuyang Wangi

Lempuyang merupakan family Zingiberaceae, dan banyakdigunakan oleh masyarakat untuk obat/jamu sebagai peningkat stamina,antikanker dan obat antiinfeksi. Balittro memiliki koleksi plasma nutfahlempuyang yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai daerah. Potensi sifat tanamanperlu dievaluasi untuk mengetahui karakter potensial dan keunggulannya.Karakterisasi sembilan aksesi lempuyang wangi dilakukan di KP. Cicurug– Sukabumi Jawa Barat tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2010. Benih ditanamdengan jarak tanam 60 x 40 cm, jumlah tanaman per plot 20 tanaman dandiulang tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan pada sepuluh tanaman terhadapsifat morfologi tanaman, pertumbuhan, produksi, dan mutu rimpang. Hasilpengamatan menunjukkan bahwa morfologi dan pertumbuhan tanamanlempuyang bervariasi. Pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan,jumlah daun panjang dan lebar daun, serta diameter batang antar aksesibervariasi. Produksi rimpang lempuyang wangi umumnya lebih dari 15ton/ha, rimpang mempunyai banyak akar. Mutu simplisia rimpang adalahkisaran kadar minyak atsiri 1,34–4,61%, kadar sari larut dalam air 16,22–23,5%, kadar sari larut etanol 7,9–13,8%, kadar serat 5,47– 8,87% dankadar pati 40-50%. Hasil analisis ekstrak rimpang lempuyang dengan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 50 komponen terdeteksi. Zerumbonemerupakan komponen utama lempuyang dengan nilai sebesar 36–49%.Komponen utama zerumbone dan acetic acid terdapat di semua aksesi.Komponen utama lainnya di antaranya adalah alpha humulene, humuleneoxide, beta-eudesmol, beta-selinene, linalool, 12-oxabicyclo, caryophileneoxide, 3-octadecyne, hexadecanoic acid, dan 3-octyne 5-methyl.Komposisi komponen utama antar aksesi berbeda senada dengan aromawangi yang ditimbulkan pada lempuyang. Sebanyak tujuh nomor aksesiyang mempunyai keunggulan produksi lebih dari 15 t/ha, mutu minyakatsiri lebih dari 1% dan zerumbone 40%

The antitumor drug, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-urea, inactivates human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1) from human placenta is rapidly inactivated by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). A similar inactivation is observed with other C- and N-nitroso compounds. The inactivation by BCNU is dependent on incubation time, temperature and BCNU concentration. Protective reagents for -SH groups, dithiothreitol and beta-mercaptoethanol, and the substrate NMN are very effective in protecting NMN adenylyltransferase from BCNU inactivation and in preserving its catalytic properties, while ATP is less efficient. Incubation of BCNU-inactivated and dialysed NMN adenylyltransferase with dithiothreitol results in a partial recovery of the enzymatic activity

miRNA-guided reprogramming of glucose and glutamine metabolism and its impact on cell adhesion/migration during solid tumor progression

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs about 22 nucleotides in length that regulate the expression of target genes post-transcriptionally, and are highly involved in cancer progression. They are able to impact a variety of cell processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation and can consequently control tumor initiation, tumor progression and metastasis formation. miRNAs can regulate, at the same time, metabolic gene expression which, in turn, influences relevant traits of malignancy such as cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Since the interaction between metabolism and adhesion or cell movement has not, to date, been well understood, in this review, we will specifically focus on miRNA alterations that can interfere with some metabolic processes leading to the modulation of cancer cell movement. In addition, we will analyze the signaling pathways connecting metabolism and adhesion/migration, alterations that often affect cancer cell dissemination and metastasis formation

Pengaruh Komposisi Media Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kalus Dan Kadar Tannin Dari Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma Ulmifolia Lamk) Secara in Vitro

West Indian Elm ( Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk.) is one of potentialplant producing tannin which is useful for controlling obesity. Tannin canbe produced through in vitro and this compound could be increased bycalli culture. The medium composition for calli induction was necessary toproduce the optimal calli. The aim of this research was to obtain themedium composition for calli induction through in vitro. Young leaves ofWest Indian Elm from glass house were used as explants. Murashige andSkoog (MS) medium enriched with B vitamin group was used as basicmedium. The experiments were arranged in completely randomized designin factorial pattern with ten replications. For calli induction, variousconcentration of 2,4-D (0.1; 0.3; and 0.5 mg/l) and its combination withBenzyl Adenin of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/l were used as treatments. Parametersobserved were calli diameter, structure, colour, fresh weight andperformance during culture. Analysis of tannin was conducted by usingdried samples both (in vitro and leaves from glass house) and thenextracted. The result showed that there was interaction between 2,4-D 0.3mg/l and Benzyl Adenin 0.1 mg/l on calli diameter (28.7 mm), the biggestcalli diameter after sub culture (31.9 mm), and fresh calli weight (5.02 g)eight weeks after treatments. Tannin content obtained from all of the invitro treatments (3.72 – 4.27%) was higher than tannin from leaves(2.24%)

Flow Index: a novel, non-invasive, continuous, quantitative method to evaluate patient inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation

Background: The evaluation of patient effort is pivotal during pressure support ventilation, but a non-invasive, continuous, quantitative method to assess patient inspiratory effort is still lacking. We hypothesized that the concavity of the inspiratory flow-time waveform could be useful to estimate patient’s inspiratory effort. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the shape of the inspiratory flow, as quantified by a numeric indicator, could be associated with inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation. Methods: Twenty-four patients in pressure support ventilation were enrolled. A mathematical relationship describing the decay pattern of the inspiratory flow profile was developed. The parameter hypothesized to estimate effort was named Flow Index. Esophageal pressure, airway pressure, airflow, and volume waveforms were recorded at three support levels (maximum, minimum and baseline). The association between Flow Index and reference measures of patient effort (pressure time product and pressure generated by respiratory muscles) was evaluated using linear mixed effects models adjusted for tidal volume, respiratory rate and respiratory rate/tidal volume. Results: Flow Index was different at the three pressure support levels and all group comparisons were statistically significant. In all tested models, Flow Index was independently associated with patient effort (p < 0.001). Flow Index prediction of inspiratory effort agreed with esophageal pressure-based methods. Conclusions: Flow Index is associated with patient inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation, and may provide potentially useful information for setting inspiratory support and monitoring patient-ventilator interactions

VENTILAÇÃO CONTROLADA COM PRESSÃO EXPIRATÓRIA FINAL POSITIVA EM SUÍNOS ANESTESIADOS COM ISOFLURANO OU HALOTANO E SUBMETIDOS A PNEUMOPERITÔNIO OU PNEUMOTÓRAX COM CO2

A homeostase hemodinâmica e respiratória nas vídeo cirurgias onde se emprega insuflação abdominal ou torácica requer métodos especiais de ventilação como a pressão expiratória final positiva (PEEP). Este experimento teve por objetivo avaliar a hemodinâmica e a oxigenação de suínos submetidos anestesia geral com isoflurano ou halotano onde foi realizado pneumoperitôneo a uma pressão constante de 15 mmHg ou pneumotórax de 5 mmHg com CO2 e ventilados com pressão expiratória zero ou 10 cm de H2O. Foram estudadas as variáveis pressão arterial (sistólica, média e diastólica), freqüência cardíaca e respiratória, saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SpO2), volume corrente e minuto, eletrocardiografia e ainda pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono expirado. Onde foram observados valores de SpO2 mais elevados nos grupos submetidos a PEEP e maior hipotensão nos suínos anestesiados com halotano, nos permitindo concluir que quando comparado com o grupo que recebeu pressão expiratória final zero o uso de 10 cm de água de PEEP melhora a SpO2 e o isoflurano é superior ao halotano na manutenção da função cardiovascular de suínos submetidos à insuflação intra-abdominal ou intratorácica com CO2. Controlled ventilation with Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in isoflurane or halotane anesthetized pigs submitted to pneumoperitoneum or pneumothorax with CO2 Abstract Hemodynamic and respiratory homeostasy in the video surgeries need special ventilatory methods as positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). This study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic and oxygenation effects in isoflurane or halotane anesthetized pigs, submitted to constant 15 mm Hg CO2 abdominal pressure or 5 mm Hg CO2 intrathoracic pressure of 10 cm of H2O of PEEP or 0 cm of H2O (ZEEP). Variables studied were arterial pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean) heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO2, tidal volume, minute volume, electrocardiogram and expiratory end-tidal carbon dioxide. Were observed improved in SpO2 with 10 cm of H2O PEEP and more hypotension in the halotane anesthetized group. We conclude that when compared to ZEEP group, 10 cm of H2O PEEP ventilation improves SPO2, while isoflurane is better to maintain the cardiovascular function to anesthetized pigs submitted to 15 mm Hg intra-abdominal and 5 mm Hg intratoracic pressure insufflations with CO2