The bitter truth about sugar and willpower

Dual-process theories of higher order cognition (DPTs) have been enjoying much success, particularly since Kahneman’s 2002 Nobel prize address and recent book Thinking, Fast and Slow (2009). Historically, DPTs have attempted to provide a conceptual framework that helps classify and predict differences in patterns of behavior found under some circumstances and not others in a host of reasoning, judgment, and decision-making tasks. As evidence has changed and techniques for examining behavior have moved on, so too have DPTs. Killing two birds with one stone, Evans and Stanovich (2013, this issue) respond to five main criticisms of DPTs. Along with addressing each criticism in turn, they set out to clarify the essential defining characteristics that distinguish one form of higher order cognition from the other. The aim of this commentary is to consider the defining characteristics of Type 1 and Type 2 processing that have been proposed and to suggest that the evidence can be taken to support quantitative differences rather than qualitatively distinct processes

The translator takes the stage: Clair in Crimp's The City

Martin Crimp is a contemporary experimental playwright who translates and is translated. However, translation is not only the system within which Crimp operates: it also informs the content of his writing. This chapter studies Crimp’s fictional translator, Clair, in his play The City (2008), investigating her representation of the practice and phenomenon of translation and querying the boundaries of invention within translational narratives. The nature of theatrical representation imposes specific parameters which render theatre translation a relevant site to examine the literary representation of the translator. The City, with the centrality of the translator Clair, documents the presence of the translator in the text, even where the text, the translator, and the play itself, are literary fabrications. Clair epitomizes the paradoxical creativity and destruction of the translational act; the boundaries between creation/original and derivation/translation are insistently teased and worried. In his deconstruction of the role of the translator, embodied by Clair, Crimp addresses the issues of translation as a creative activity and the nature of the translator’s re-enactment of an author’s invention

The Bitter Truth About Sugar and Willpower: The Limited Evidential Value of the Glucose Model of Ego Depletion

This work was supported by European Research Council Grant 283849 (to N. Gold) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007–2013)

COVID-19ワクチンパスポートに関する倫理的議論の紹介

本稿では、現在世界的な注目を集めているワクチンパスポートに関する倫理的議論を賛成論と反対論に分け紹介する。ワクチンパスポートは、感染拡大のリスクを抑えつつ人々の自由の侵害を緩和する施策として有望であるが、ワクチン供給の不平等やプライバシー侵害の可能性など、考慮すべき問題点も多い

Executive function in children with Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:Cross-disorder or unique impairments?

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