COMICS AS EDUCATIONAL TOOLS IN TEACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR, LEXIS AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS

The paper claims comics to be efficient multimodal tools in teaching students of English not only grammar and vocabulary but also some communication skills, social and language norms of conducting a conversation. Being entertaining and having the multimodal potential that results in a strong effect on the recipients’ responsiveness, comics highly motivate students to integrate in education process and make learning fun for teachers and children alike.The authors aim at presenting an algorithm of teaching English and conversation skills by means of comics design teaching  passing through the following stages: introducing the communicative situation, learning cultural data (linguistic and extralinguistic) and a conversation pattern (social rules for opening, developing and closing a conversation), imitating the conversation, working with grammar patterns and speech clichés, reproducing the conversation following the pictures, and, finally, acting it out. Comics vividly demonstrate facial expressions and gestures of the characters that are crucial in communicating certain ideas in a multisemiotic way either accompanying speech or performing on their own.The authors present the results of the experimental teaching to nine/ ten-year old children in a secondary school in Russia which prove comics to be functional, well-structured tools for acquiring grammar, lexis and communication skills by young learners of English.

Transformation of Direct and Indirect Taxation’s Correlation as a Necessary Condition for Social and Economic Development of the State

The present study examines the transformation of direct and indirect taxation that has taken place in modern tax systems since the beginning of 2000-is. The study shows that direct and indirect taxation have different fiscal potential and influence the social and economic development of the state differently. On the basis of the carried out analysis, the study proves that in the OECD and EU member States correlation of direct and indirect taxation is constantly changing depending on economic opportunities and aims of the state while tax system of the Russian Federation practically does not shows such tendencies. The purpose of this study is to offer the general recommendation for improving tax policy of the Russian Federation with the aim of stimulating the social and economic development of the state. The purpose of the study predetermined the choice of applied research methods, among which comparative method should be [email protected] of Law, Associate Professor at Department of International Economics and International Business Activity, Faculty of International Relations, Voronezh State University, Russia. The Author specializes in tax law and taxation. She is an author of monograph and coauthor of 6 books. She has published more than 50 articles in leading legal journals and conferences papers in Russia and abroad. The Author is a member of Russian Branch of International Fiscal Association and Information and Organization Centre for the Research on the Public Finances and Tax Law in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe.Voronezh State UniversityKari, S.: Corporate Tax in an International Environment – Problems and possible remedies: Nordic Tax Journal no. 16 (2015).Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. www.nalog.ru.Federal Service of State Statistic of Russia. www.gks.ru.Ivlieva, M.F.: Правовые проблемы косвенного налогообложения в Российской Федерации (Legal Problems od Inderect Taxation in the Russian Federation), Правоведение (Law) no. 11 (2007).Korovkin, V.V.: Основы теории налогообложения (Fundamentals of the Theory of Taxation), Moscow: Economist, 2006.Kudryashova, E.V.: Правовые аспекты косвенного налогообложения: теория и практика (Legal Aspects of Indirect Taxation: Theory and Practice), Moscow: Wolters Kluwer, 2006.Ozerov, I.Kh.: Основы финансовой науки (Fundamentals of Financial Science), Moscow: Tip. T-va I.D. Sytina, 1905.Povarova, A.I.: Реформирование налога на доходы физических лиц – важнейший фактор стабилизации бюджетной системы (The Reform of Tax on Incomes of Physical Persons – The Most Important Factor in Stabilization of Budgetary System), Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз (Economic and social changes: facts, tendencies, forecast) no. 6 (2016).Rukina, S.N., Denisova, I.P.: Совершенствование косвенного налогообложения в Российской Федерации (Improvement of Indirect Taxation in the Russian Federation), Финансовая аналитика: проблемы и решения (Financial Analytics: Science and Expirience) no. 6 (2016).Sokolov, A.A.: Теория налогов (Theory of Taxes), Moscow: Cebter UrInfoR, 2003.Taxation trends in the European Union. www.ec.europa.eu/eurostat.Turbina, M.V., Cheremisina, T.N., Cheremisina, N.V.: Преимущества и недостатки косвенного налогообложения (Advantages and Disadvantages of Indirect Taxation), Социально- экономические явления и процессы (Socio-economic Phenomena and Processes) no. 8 (2016).VAT rates applied in the Member States of the European Union. The situation at the January 2017. www.ec.europa.eu.Vitte, S.Y.: Конспект лекций о народном и государственном хозяйстве, читанных его императорскому величеству великому князю Михаилу Александровичу в 1900-1902 годах (The Abstract of Lectures on National and State Economy Read to His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Michael Aleksandrovich in 1900-1902), Moscow: Yurait Publishing House, 2011.53354

Apolipoprotein A-I inhibits the increased activities of chitotriosidase and β-glucosaminidase in the liver of mice with BCG-induced tuberculosis inflammation

The aim of the investigation was to study the activity of lysosomal chitinases (chitotriosidase and β-glucosaminidase) in the liver of mice using a model of BCG-induced tuberculous inflammation after intravenous administration of apolipoprotein A-I. Material and methods. The study was carried out on male CBA mice weighing 20–22 g. Disseminated tuberculous inflammation was modeled by a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg of BCG vaccine. The activity of chitinases was determined using fluorescent substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-N,N′,N′′-triacetylchitotrioside and 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide. Results and discussion. BCG-infection of animals after 4 weeks caused a significant increase in the activity of endogenous chitinases in comparison with the control group: chitotriosidase – 3.05 times (p <0.001), β-glucosaminidase – 1.76 times (p <0.01). Intravenous administration of apolipoprotein A-I to animals against the background of BCG infection inhibited the increased enzyme activity, values did not significantly differ from the control values. Conclusions. The results of these studies indicate the ability of apolipoprotein A-I to reduce the increased activity of endogenous lysosomal chitinases in the liver of mice with BCG-induced tuberculous inflammation

The use of omics technologies in creating LBP and postbiotics based on the Limosilactobacillus fermentum U-21

In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency to create drugs based on certain commensal bacteria of the human microbiota and their ingredients, primarily focusing on live biotherapeutics (LBPs) and postbiotics. The creation of such drugs, termed pharmacobiotics, necessitates an understanding of their mechanisms of action and the identification of pharmacologically active ingredients that determine their target properties. Typically, these are complexes of biologically active substances synthesized by specific strains, promoted as LBPs or postbiotics (including vesicles): proteins, enzymes, low molecular weight metabolites, small RNAs, etc. This study employs omics technologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to explore the potential of Limosilactobacillus fermentum U-21 for innovative LBP and postbiotic formulations targeting neuroinflammatory processes. Proteomic techniques identified and quantified proteins expressed by L. fermentum U-21, highlighting their functional attributes and potential applications. Key identified proteins include ATP-dependent Clp protease (ClpL), chaperone protein DnaK, protein GrpE, thioredoxin reductase, LysM peptidoglycan-binding domain-containing protein, and NlpC/P60 domain-containing protein, which have roles in disaggregase, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. Metabolomic analysis provided insights into small-molecule metabolites produced during fermentation, revealing compounds with anti-neuroinflammatory activity. Significant metabolites produced by L. fermentum U-21 include GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), niacin, aucubin, and scyllo-inositol. GABA was found to stabilize neuronal activity, potentially counteracting neurodegenerative processes. Niacin, essential for optimal nervous system function, was detected in vesicles and culture fluid, and it modulates cytokine production, maintaining immune homeostasis. Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside usually secreted by plants, was identified as having antioxidant properties, addressing issues of bioavailability for therapeutic use. Scyllo-inositol, identified in vesicles, acts as a chemical chaperone, reducing abnormal protein clumps linked to neurodegenerative diseases. These findings demonstrate the capability of L. fermentum U-21 to produce bioactive substances that could be harnessed in the development of pharmacobiotics for neurodegenerative diseases, contributing to their immunomodulatory, anti-neuroinflammatory, and neuromodulatory activities. Data of the HPLC-MS/MS analysis are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD050857

Historical development of rural areas in the Czech Republic and abroad

The wbachelor theases deals with the development of folk architecture in the Czech Republic and the European part of Russia, where it evaluates its similarities and differences

Tax reliefs in the Russian Federation, their definition, types and classification

The present article analyzes the definition of tax allowances that is fixed in Tax Code of the Russian Federation and classification of tax allowances into tax exceptions, tax abatements and tax discharges. The article also covers the author's classification of tax allowances into direct and indirect ones, according to economic benefits obtained by taxpayers as a result of using tax allowances. In the conclusion, the author determines an exhaustive list of tax allowances in the Russian tax legislation

Budget and Tax Legislation of the Russian Federation: Consequences of Contradictions for Sub-Federal Budgets

The paper discusses contradictions between budget and tax legislation of the Russian Federation that lead to the problems of revenue administration for sub-federal public entities (subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities). Authors analyze different aspects of interaction between budget and tax legislation and make suggestions for improving status of sub-federal authorities in the area of budget and tax legal regulations

Nuclear Proteomics of Induced Leukemia Cell Differentiation

Studies of induced granulocytic differentiation help to reveal molecular mechanisms of cell maturation. The nuclear proteome represents a rich source of regulatory molecules, including transcription factors (TFs). It is important to have an understanding of molecular perturbations at the early stages of the differentiation processes. By applying the proteomic quantitative profiling using isobaric labeling, we found that the contents of 214, 319, 376, 426, and 391 proteins were altered at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 72 h, respectively, compared to 0 h in the HL-60 cell nuclear fraction under all-trans-retinoid acid (ATRA) treatment. From 1860 identified nuclear proteins, 231 proteins were annotated as proteins with transcription factor (TF) activity. Six TFs (RREB1, SRCAP, CCDC124, TRIM24, BRD7, and BUD31) were downregulated and three TFs EWSR1, ENO1, and FUS were upregulated at early time points (3–12 h) after ATRA treatment. Bioinformatic annotation indicates involvement of the HL-60 nuclear proteome in DNA damage recognition in the RUNX1-triggered pathway, and in the p53-regulation pathway. By applying scheduled multiple reaction monitoring using stable isotopically labeled peptide standards (MRM/SIS), we found a persistent increase in the content of the following proteins: PRAM1, CEPBP, RBPJ, and HIC1 in the HL-60 cell nuclear fraction during ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation. In the case of STAT1, CASP3, PARP1, and PRKDC proteins, a transient increase in their content was observed at early time points (3–12 h) after the ATRA treatment. Obtained data on nuclear proteome composition and dynamics during granulocytic differentiation could be beneficial for the development of new treatment approaches for leukemias with the mutated p53 gene