Образ трикстера в романе Владимира Маканина «Андеграунд, или Герой нашего времени»*

The article is devoted to the study of the image of the trickster – one of the key ones in modern Russian culture and literature. The article analyzes the specifics of the functioning and attribution of the trickster figure in V. Makanin‘s novel The Underground, or the Hero of Our Time (1998). This is a soliloquium novel. It is shown how the appearance of the trickster hero, who is aware of his connection with the myth, helps to solve the tragic issues facing the consciousness of the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. The life – affirming, vital potential of the image of the main character of the novel – Petrovich is considered, the inherent possibilities, means of awareness and representation of the tragic are revealed. The paper examines the intertextual field of the character’s image, including the archetypes of “naked man”, “little man”, “extra man” and “underground man”, who made up the canon of Russian classics. The reinterpretation of archetypes is the realization of the author’s attempt, his hero, to “push” Russia into the next century, free from the dictates of the literary canon, opening up the prospect of finding one’s own Word as a self-determination of an individual in the new century.Статья посвящена исследованию образа трикстера – одного из ключевых в современной русской культуре и литературе, в частности. Анализируется специфика функционирования и атрибутирования фигуры трикстера в знаковом романе В. Маканина «Андеграунд, или Герой нашего времени» (1998) как романе-солилоквиуме. Показано, каким образом появление героя-трикстера, сознающего свою связь с мифом, помогает решить трагические вопросы, стоящие перед человеком рубежа ХХ – ХХI веков. Рассматривается витальный потенциал образа главного героя произведения – Петровича, выявлены присущие ему возможности, средства осознания и представления трагического. Изучение интертекстуального поля образа позволило акцентировать структурообразующую роль архетипов «голого человека», «маленького человека», «лишнего человека» и «подпольного человека», на которых держится свод русской классики. Переосмысление архетипов – реализация попытки автора, его героя «толкнуть» Русь в следующее столетие, свободное от диктата Литературного Канона, открывающее перспективу обретения собственного Слова как самоопределения личности в новом столетии

Интертекстуальная игра в романе Л. Улицкой «Медея и ее дети»

This article attempts to present a reading of Ulitskaya’s novel as a metatext of world culture, as an encrypted message through which the author inveigles “a shrewd reader” into the guessing of discourses (from ancient mythology to works of social realism and postmodernism) in order to detect traces of the initial scenarios proposed to humanity by the Creator. The conceptual basis of the work was the myth of Sophia Wisdom Divine, an artist painting the primary blueprint of the universe and inviting other artists to co-create (the muse and the artist). Ulitskaya’s Sophiology is based on the ideas of the Russian modernists, e.g., Soloviev and Block.The Greek story of Medea—the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis and wife of Jason, who headed the expedition of the Argonauts—provides the basic structure of the novel. This myth is one of the most popular in the world among artists. Its interpretive options (from Euripides and Ovid to Anouilh, Pasolini and Petrushevskaya) are evidence for the unity of the text of culture. The novel, then—the ironical statement of the author to enter into the circle of the elect, the family of Medea, whose image is highlighted by signs of Sofia—is the embodiment of style. Medea’s manor is “the navel of the earth” in which the outlines of the Masons are traced; here, time and space, living and dead, sinners and saints converge. The earth itself is read like a book.All the characters are divided into puppets—unable to understand the hidden meaning of the text—and directors/demiurges—artists, musicians, and doctors who write the history of dolls. The typology of female images is constructed on the gender stereotypes of the fin de siècle era: the woman as a sexual object (Gypsy, wanton); femme fatale/vamp (Amazonian, Salomé); and the romantic lover and muse (Madonna, the eternal feminine). The functions of the male characters are associated with Orpheus, Perseus, Pygmalion, and Ulysses, who perform their feats in the name of Beauty. The mission of the reader is to pass the initiation of the plot and guess all its variations with the power of letters resembling dragon’s teeth, to detect in these traces of meaning the “Golden Fleece,” much as Medea who led Jason to such a purpose.В работе сделана попытка прочитать роман Л. Улицкой как метатекст мировой художественной культуры, герменевтическую игру, в которой автор предлагает «проницательному читателю» разгадывать шифры дискурсов (от aнтичных мифов до произведений эпохи постмодерна), чтобы обнаружить следы первосценария, предложенного человечеству Творцом. Идейной основой произведения стал миф о Софии Премудрости Божией, Художнице, раскрасившей первичный чертеж мироздания, приглашающей мастеров к сотворчеству (муза и художник). Роман – ироническая заявка и самой Л. Улицкой на вхождение в круг избранных – семью Медеи, чей образ подсвечен образом Софии. Типология героинь строится с учетом гендерных стереотипов эпохи fin de siècle: женщина как сексуальный объект (цыганка, блудница); роковая женщина-вамп (амазонка, Соломея); романтическая возлюбленная, муза (Мадонна, Вечная Женственность). Функции мужских персонажей ассоциируются с Орфеем, Персеем, Пигмалионом, Одиссеем, совершающими свои подвиги во имя Красоты. Миссия читателя – пройти инициацию как разгадывание сюжетных вариаций, за властью букв, напоминающих зубы дракона, обнаружить следы смысла – «золотое руно», к этой цели и вела Ясона Медея

"A Naked Person” and “the Unbearable World”: Exodus Variants (Based on Early Works by A. I. Solzhenitsyn)

This paper analyses the motif of “the naked person” in Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s early work. Epic tales which belong to the so called “labour camp prose”, such as One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1959) and The Cancer Ward (1968), stand out in the context of this motif. Moreover, the “unbearable world” and the “naked person” have been structurally significant for the “labour camp prose” since Fyodor Dostoevsky and Anton Chekhov. All of them imply that these elements bring the reader closer to understanding the ontology of a person who is forbidden to wear a cross on his chest and thus seek protection from God and cultural myths. The paper examines historical developments of the “naked person” imagery in Russian literature from the seventeenth century to the Avantgarde and postmodernism by analysing relations between reality and the “unbearable world” (the space of labour camps) in which nakedness and misery are deemed to be charisma, gifts from God. The Cancer Ward is still one of Solzhenitsyn’s most widely read works in Europe and America. Unlike the peasants in the story, Kostoglotov, an intellectual, reflects on the value of freedom, prospects of choice and the nature of evil – something which Ivan Denisovich touches upon only vaguely. The author is interested in mechanisms of self-identity in horrendous living conditions. Solzhenitsyn’s The Cancer Ward is a variation of the classic “non-finito” narrative. The protagonist, who has endured hardship and overcome limits of the “unbearable world”, moves towards the house-ark as his life is just beginning. In fact, by employing terrible history, a labour camp and the hospital ward of the doomed, Solzhenitsyn’s text explores the driving forces behind a person’s self-identity, the most important of which are moral elevation, will, mercy and belief in life

The Traditionalist Discourse of Contemporary Russian Literature: From Neo-traditionalism to “New Realism”

The article analyses modern traditionalism and its main directions (classical traditionalism, neo-traditionalism and new realism). This analysis encompasses the reasons for a returning interest to the realistic principles of writing, and the dialogues between traditionalism and the avant-garde and the cosmos and chaos as key to the development of culture as a whole. It highlights the ways in which current literary studies and criticism reflect the shift of the cultural paradigm and the transition from the poetics of postmodernism to the realistic principles of writing, while preserving elements of postmodern aesthetics. Particular attention is paid to the increasingly controversial direction of “new realism”, which is represented by two key areas: patriotic and naturalistic. The “new realism” authors actively form their own mythology, participating in politics, and trying to reconcile Soviet and anti-Soviet discourses. They search for “avant-gardism in conservatism”, where conservatism is a treasury of Russian classic images, and avantgardism is the innovations that reflect the current public realia. The article provides a detailed analysis of the literary work of Siberian author Mikhail Tarkovsky. Tarkovsky’s work combines elements of the poetics of “classical traditionalism” and “new realism” to present an original geopolitical project and a cultural character capable of bringing the country to a new level of civilisation

On the Ruins of the Crystal Palace or the Fate of Russian Utopia in the Classical Era (N.G. Chernyshevsky, F.M. Dostoevsky, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)

The analysis of the image of the Crystal Palace as one of the most settled symbols of Russian intellectual utopia is analyzed in the article as well as the classic texts which initiated the process of destroying the happy utopia in Russia: among them a famous novel by N.G. Chernyshevsky What is to be done and works by first writers-heretics in genre of utopia - M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (The History of a Town) and F.M. Dostoevsky (Notes from the Underground ).В статье представлен анализ образа «хрустального дворца» как одного из наиболее устойчивых символов русской интеллектуальной утопии, проанализированы классические тексты, ставшие у истоков разрушения «счастливой утопии» в России: от знаменитого романа Н.Г. Чернышевского «Что делать?» до произведений первых «еретиков» от утопии - М.Е. Салтыкова-Щедрина («История одного города») и Ф.М. Достоевского («Записки из подполья»).

The education role in the development of the information society: Progressive ideas of the world's leading countries

The article describes the retrospective of the countries' practice, which gives rise to the conviction of the signs of national character. This experience combines the support of traditions with a desire to listen to the demands of today's developed world. In the article, great attention is paid to the study of education systems in the countries of the European Union, as well as the USA, Canada and other countries, their features in the information society. The article shows similar approaches in the organization of the educational process. We revealed the signs of the national education system based on structural recommendations, the consequences of training and other resources relative to other countries, which will allow diplomats and managers to evaluate the consequences of educational practice, characterize the improvement of state policy in the field of education and make informed decisions about its improvement. The training of specialists in the modern information society requires taking into account the ideas of continuity, openness and anticipatory development. The article analyzes the prospects of creative application of the advanced beliefs of different countries of the world for the training of specialists in Ukraine in the conditions of the modern information society. &nbsp

Improvement of the management of an enterprise’s financial results

Поглиблено теоретичні аспекти й обґрунтовано практичні рекомендації щодо удосконалення науково-методичних підходів до управління фінансовими результатами підприємства. Отримані результати сприятимуть формуванню нових методичних підходів для прийняття оперативних управлінських рішень щодо покращення фінансового результату підприємства в контексті CVP-аналізу на підприємствіIn the article, there are deepened theoretical aspects and substantiated practical recommendations for the improvement of scientific and methodical approaches to managing the financial results of a firm. The obtained results will promote the formation of new methodical approaches to increase the financial result of a company in the context of CVP analysis at an enterprise

Trends and conditions for the development of green energy in the Russian Federation

The second decade of the twenty-first century was a turning point when the leaders of the largest and most developed countries began to talk about a gradual transition from traditional energy sources to renewable ones. This decision was made in connection with the growth of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, and, as a consequence, an increase in the temperature of the lower layers of the atmosphere due to the greenhouse effect. The purpose of the study is to identify effective practices and prospects for the development of green energy in Russia through a comparative analysis of trends and conditions for supporting the production of renewable energy in the country. The study was carried out using methods of descriptive statistics analysis and comparative analysis, graphical and tabular visualization of the results. Sources used include data from the International Energy Agency, independent information, and an analytical center under the Government of the Russian Federation

The Mathematical Modeling of Formation of Economic Effects of Combining Production Systems Considering the Innovation Factor

The article is aimed at developing an economic-mathematical instrumentarium for defining and analyzing the economical effects of combining production systems considering the innovation factor. The publication allocates a complex of the basic and derivative economic effects reflecting influence of the implemented integration processes as separate factors of various nature (rational technological interrelations, innovation activity, aggregate interaction) and their possible combinations on economic results. In order to determine the specified effects in terms of the «costs-output» models, optimization tasks have been formulated that describe the functioning of individual production subsystems, taking attention of the possibility of conducting an innovation activity and their Interaction within a single system. The numerical analysis of the built models was carried out that allowed to identify some specific features of formation of the discussed economic effects. Possible direction of further researches on the given subject can be connected with development of mathematical models reflecting various forms (economic mechanisms) of integration of production systems, and with comparative analysis of efficiency of their implementation