Ação de fitoreguladores no desenvolvimento da soja cultivar Davis

The effects of growth regularots on soybean plant (Glycine max) under greenhouse conditions were studied. Before flower ing, Agrostemmin (1 g/10 ml/3 1), gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm were applied. At the flower anthesis, 2,3,5 - triio dobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm was applied. Other two applications with TIBA, with intervals of four days, were realized. Treatment with GA increased plant height while CCC presented a tendency to reduce it. Numbers of leaves, internods, and stems were not affected by the growth regulators.Determinou-se em condições de casa de vegetação o efeito de fitoreguladores no desenvolvimento da soja (Glycine max cv. Davis). Aplicou-se através de pulverização o ácido 2,3,5-triiodobenzoico (T1BA) na concentração de 20 ppm, três vezes, com quatro dias de intervalo a partir do início da florescência. Antes da florescência aplicou - se Agrostemin (1 g/10 ml/3 l), ácido giberélico (GA) 100 ppm e cloreto (2-cloroeti1) trimetilamônio (CCC) 2.000 ppm, além do controle. Plantas de soja tratadas com GA apresentaram maior altura em relação ao controle, sendo que o CCC tendeu a reduzir a altura das plantas. Os fitoreguladores não afetaram o número de folhas, meritalos e hastes da soja 'Davis'

Ion backflow studies with a triple-GEM stack with increasing hole pitch

Gas Electron Multipliers have undergone a very consistent development since their invention in 1997. Their production procedures have been tuned in such a way that nowadays it is possible to produce foils with areas of the order of the square meter that can operate at a reasonable gain, uniform over large areas and with a good stability in what concerns electrical discharges. For the third run of LHC, they will be included in the CMS and ALICE experiments after significant upgrades of the detectors, confirming that these structures are suitable for very large experiments. In the special case of Time Projection Chambers, the ion backflow and the energy resolution are sensitive issues that must be addressed and the GEM has shown to be able to deal with both of them. In this work, a stack of three GEMs with different pitches has been studied as a possible future approach for ion-backflow suppression to be used in TPCs and other detection concepts. With this approach, an ion backflow of 1 % with an energy resolution of 12 % at 5.9 keV has been achieved with the detector operating in an Ar/CO2 (90/10) mixture at a gain of ~ 2000.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure

Prevalence of maternal near miss and community‐based risk factors in Central Uganda

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of maternal near‐miss (MNM) and its associated risk factors in a community setting in Central Uganda.MethodsA cross‐sectional research design employing multi‐stage sampling collected data from women aged 15–49 years in Rakai, Uganda, who had been pregnant in the 3 years preceding the survey, conducted between August 10 and December 31, 2013. Additionally, in‐depth interviews were conducted. WHO‐based disease and management criteria were used to identify MNM. Binary logistic regression was used to predict MNM risk factors. Content analysis was performed for qualitative data.ResultsSurvey data were collected from 1557 women and 40 in‐depth interviews were conducted. The MNM prevalence was 287.7 per 1000 pregnancies; the majority of MNMs resulted from hemorrhage. Unwanted pregnancies, a history of MNM, primipara, pregnancy danger signs, Banyakore ethnicity, and a partner who had completed primary education only were associated with increased odds of MNM (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsMNM morbidity is a significant burden in Central Uganda. The present study demonstrated higher MNM rates compared with studies employing organ‐failure MNM‐diagnostic criteria. These findings illustrate the need to look beyond mortality statistics when assessing maternal health outcomes. Concerted efforts to increase supervised deliveries, access to emergency obstetric care, and access to contraceptives are warranted.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135484/1/ijgo214.pd

Analisis Kebutuhan Angkutan Umum Penumpang Kota Manado (Studi Kasus : Paal Dua –Politeknik)

Keterbatasan pelayanan angkutan umum serta panjangnya jarak menuju pusat kota menyebabkan masyarakat berusaha untuk memfasilitasi pergerakannya sendiri dengan kendaraan pribadi. Akibatnya terjadi over supply pada sebagian besar rute trayek di kota Manado. Jika hal ini tidak diantisipasi maka penyediaan angkutan umum hanya akan memberikan kerugian bagi pengguna jasa maupun operator. Penelitian ini mengambil salah satu rute trayek di Manado yaitu trayek Paal Dua – Politeknik. Kebutuhan jumlah armada optimal dapat dihitung dengan meninjau besarnya load factor dan biaya operasional kendaraan, dimana load factor merupakan nisbah antara permintaan (demand) yang ada dengan pemasokan (supply) yang tersedia. Adapun pengertian dari biaya operasional kendaraan total biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh pemakai jalan dengan menggunakan moda tertentu dari zona asal ke zona tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui jumlah armada optimal berdasarkan pendapatan operator sesuai tarif yang berlaku dilapangan terhadap jumlah pengguna jasa eksisting yang ada dengan menghitung biaya operasional kendaraan (BOK) dan load factor menggunakan metode DLLAJ. Komponen biaya yang akan dihitung untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya operasional kendaraan dalam metode DLLAJ adalah biaya langsung dan biaya tidak langsung. Untuk mengetahui jumlah armada optimal dapat dihitung dengan meninjau besarnya load faktor pada kondisi break event dan load factor eksisting serta besarnya jumlah populasi armada saat ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penumpang/hari adalah 141 penumpang dengan load factor sebesar 0.538 %. Pendapatan rata-rata yang diperoleh oleh operator per tahun adalah Rp.191.724.000 sedangkan besarnya biaya operasional kendaraan (BOK) per tahun adalah Rp.195.860.314 - Rp.232.550.076. Dengan demikian dapat dilihat bahwa jumlah armada eksisting (66 armada) belum memenuhi kondisi keseimbangan USAha bagi operator kendaraan. Kebutuhan jumlah armada pada trayek Paal Dua – Politeknik berdasarkan tarif menurut SK Walikota Manado adalah 58 kendaraan. Kebutuhan jumlah armada pada trayek Paal dua – Politeknik berdasarkan tarif yang berlaku dilapangan adalah 60 kendaraan.

Parameter adaptations during phenotype transitions in progressive diseases

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The study of phenotype transitions is important to understand progressive diseases, e.g., diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. A challenge remains to explain phenotype transitions in terms of adaptations in molecular components and interactions in underlying biological systems.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, mathematical modeling is used to describe the different phenotypes by integrating experimental data on metabolic pools and fluxes. Subsequently, trajectories of parameter adaptations are identified that are essential for the phenotypical changes. These changes in parameters reflect progressive adaptations at the transcriptome and proteome level, which occur at larger timescales. The approach was employed to study the metabolic processes underlying liver X receptor induced hepatic steatosis. Model analysis predicts which molecular processes adapt in time after pharmacological activation of the liver X receptor. Our results show that hepatic triglyceride fluxes are increased and triglycerides are especially stored in cytosolic fractions, rather than in endoplasmic reticulum fractions. Furthermore, the model reveals several possible scenarios for adaptations in cholesterol metabolism. According to the analysis, the additional quantification of one cholesterol flux is sufficient to exclude many of these hypotheses.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We propose a generic computational approach to analyze biological systems evolving through various phenotypes and to predict which molecular processes are responsible for the transition. For the case of liver X receptor induced hepatic steatosis the novel approach yields information about the redistribution of fluxes and pools of triglycerides and cholesterols that was not directly apparent from the experimental data. Model analysis provides guidance which specific molecular processes to study in more detail to obtain further understanding of the underlying biological system.</p

Dengue disease, basic reproduction number and control

Dengue is one of the major international public health concerns. Although progress is underway, developing a vaccine against the disease is challenging. Thus, the main approach to fight the disease is vector control. A model for the transmission of Dengue disease is presented. It consists of eight mutually exclusive compartments representing the human and vector dynamics. It also includes a control parameter (insecticide) in order to fight the mosquito. The model presents three possible equilibria: two disease-free equilibria (DFE) and another endemic equilibrium. It has been proved that a DFE is locally asymptotically stable, whenever a certain epidemiological threshold, known as the basic reproduction number, is less than one. We show that if we apply a minimum level of insecticide, it is possible to maintain the basic reproduction number below unity. A case study, using data of the outbreak that occurred in 2009 in Cape Verde, is presented.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definitive form has appeared in International Journal of Computer Mathematics (2011), DOI: 10.1080/00207160.2011.55454

Numerical and experimental study of sandwich plates with metallic foam cores

World-wide vehicles safety experts agree that significant further reductions in fatalities and injuries can be achieved as a result of the use of new energy absorbing materials. In this field, passive safety systems still have great potential to reduce fatalities and injuries, as in the case of using new lightweight energy-absorbing materials. On this work, the authors present the development of a procedure able to perform reliable panels of sandwich sheets with metallic foam cores for industrial applications. The mathematical model used to describe the behavior of sandwich shells with metal cores form is presented and some numerical examples are included. The numerical results are validated using the experimental results obtained from the mechanical experiments. Using the crushable foam constitutive model, available on ABAQUS, a set of different mechanical tests were simulated