The productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.) Water using efficacy and Consumptive use under different Irrigation systems

Under conditions of freshwater scarcity in Iraq, farmers are looking to adopt more effective irrigation methods compared with conventional. In 2016 and 2017, a field experiment was performed over two years to evaluate optimal irrigation method for maize Zea mays L. production using a Randomized Completely Bloke Design RCBD with five irrigation furrow treatments I0, surface drip I1, and subsurface drip with three depths of emitter 10cm I2, 20 I3, and 30cm I4 respectively. These treatments were irrigated when 50- 55% of the available water was depleted; then, a sensor system was utilized to identify the required water amount to bring the soil in the crop root area to the capacity field. The results indicated that the consumptive water use of furrow 707.91 and 689.69 mm surface drip 558.65 and 529.66 mm and subsurface drip with emitter deep at 10 cm 400.38 and 380.83 mm, 20cm 313.93 and 293.50 mm and 30cm 345.61 and 325.28 mm for 2016 and 2017 respectively. Subsurface drip irrigation increases crop yield; the greatest yield grain was optioned under the treatment subsurface drip irrigation with 20 cm emitter depth and the lowest under surface drip irrigation

Effect of irrigation methods and tillage system, seed level on water use efficiency and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth

Afield trial was conducted at Al- Hashimya area, Babylon district, Iraq during the growing seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 to investigate the effect of some agronomic practices viz. irrigation system ( sprinkler irrigation (I1) and surface irrigation (I2) which occupied the main plots; tillage system (Zero tillage (T0), minimum tillage (T1) and deep tillage (T2) which occupied the subplot ); and seeding rates (120 Kg ha-1( S1), 180 Kg ha-1(S2),240 Kg ha-1 (S3)and 300 Kg ha-1 (S4) which occupied the sub _ subplots on biological yield, harvest index, water _use efficiency, water consumptive use, crop coefficient of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results indicated that biological yield was increased in both seasons by 9 and 10%, respectively, following the application of sprinkler irrigation. This may be due to the increased water _use efficiency by 29 and 32% in both seasons, respectively, as influenced by sprinkler irrigation. However, sprinkler irrigation did not affect the harvest index in both seasons. Similarly, minimum tillage increased the biological yield by 10.6,10.2,11.8 and 3.4 % over zero _ tillage and deep tillage in both seasons, respectively. However, the tillage system had no significant effect on the harvest index in both seasons. The seeding rate (240 Kg ha-1) increased the biological yield by 15.1 and 16.0 % over the lowest seeding rate (S1 120 Kg ha-1) with no significant effect on the harvest index in both seasons, respectively. The exciting result that the application of sprinkler irrigation (I1) decreased the consumptive use mm. Season in both seasons and consequently the crop coefficient(Kc) was decreased at tillering, elongation, flowering and maturity stages in both seasons. It can be concluded that the application of sprinkler irrigation under the minimum tillage and using the seeding rate 240 Kg ha-1 has increased the biological yield via increased water – use efficiency and decreased both consumptive use and crop coefficient

Suivi de la qualité bactériologique des eaux de surface (rivière Nahr Ibrahim, Liban)

Le bassin versant du Narh Ibrahim est classé parmi les sites du patrimoine mondial. Les rejets sauvages solides et liquides ont un impact important sur le développement d’une contamination bactériologique tout au long de la rivière. Dans cette étude, des paramètres physico-chimiques et bactériologiques ont été suivis sur neuf sites de prélèvement qui couvrent la rivière Nahr Ibrahim de son amont jusqu’à son estuaire. L’ensemble des paramètres est étudié pendant des périodes de l’année caractérisées par un temps sec ou un temps de crue. Au cours de ces périodes, ces paramètres ont révélé une influence importante du type d’occupation des sols et des phénomènes de lessivage sur la composition bactériologique de la rivière. L’origine et le degré de la contamination bactérienne instantanée ont été également identifiés. Une approche statistique multivariée a montré que l’effet de la localisation du site masque l’effet date sur un même site et pendant la même période. Les sites en aval de la rivière sont caractérisés par une pollution en nitrate et une contamination bactériologique alors que les sites en amont sont marqués par une contamination bactériologique seulement.The Nahr Ibrahim catchment area is classified as an international heritage site. Along the Nahr Ibrahim River, solid and liquid effluents have an important impact on bacterial contamination. Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were studied at nine sampling sites located along the Nahr Ibrahim River from its source to its estuary. Total bacteria, total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci were studied during dry and wet weather periods. During these periods, the studied parameters revealed an important influence of the type of soil and leaching on the bacteriological composition of the river. Furthermore, the origin and the degree of temporary bacteriological contamination were identified. A multivariate statistical approach demonstrated that the effect of site location masked the effect of sampling date on the degree of bacteriological contamination. Downstream river sites were characterized by nitrate and bacterial pollution whereas upstream sites showed only by bacterial contamination

Effects of altitude on the chemical composition of grapes and wine: a review

Of the geographical parameters in a winegrowing site, altitude is an important determinant of wine composition and quality. Grape polyphenols and volatiles comprise a large and varied group of compounds that contribute considerably to the sensory and health-promoting properties of wine. This review surveys the impacts of altitude and its related climatic characteristics on the phenolic and aroma compounds of grapes and wine through the examination of existing literature. Furthermore, this review highlights the challenge of distinguishing the effects of parameters, such as air temperature, variety, vine water status, soil and UV radiation, from the altitude effect. Overall, high-altitude growing sites can favour an increase - albeit at different intensities - in content of many chemical compounds found in grapes and wine, such as total polyphenols, total monomeric anthocyanins, catechins, quercetin derivatives and cyanidin-derived anthocyanins, trihydroxylated flavonols, carotenoids, isoamyl acetate and ethyl hexanoate. However, the altitude factor seems to be cultivar-dependent; in fact, it can exert a positive effect on the concentrations of acylated anthocyanins and of total aroma compounds in some cultivars (e.g., Ekşikara and Glera) and a negative effect on the same components in other cultivars (e.g., Merlot and Cabernet-Sauvignon). Its influence on the polyphenol content can also differ between different parts of the same cultivar; for instance, an increase in skin tannins and a decrease in seed tannins have been found to be concomitant with an increase in altitude in Syrah grapes. Moreover, at higher altitude, the effect of an increase in UV-B radiation can lead to an enhancement in colour intensity due to an increase in the synthesis of anthocyanins, flavonols and tannins. Due to their cool climate, high-elevated winegrowing regions represent favourite cultivation sites under current and future global warming

Water-mediated structuring of bone apatite

International audienceIt is well known that organic molecules from the vertebrate extracellular matrix of calcifying tissues are essential in structuring the apatite mineral. Here, we show that water also plays a structuring role. By using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, wide-angle X-ray scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to characterize the structure and organization of crystalline and biomimetic apatite nanoparticles as well as intact bone samples, we demonstrate that water orients apatite crystals through an amorphous calcium phosphate-like layer that coats the crystalline core of bone apatite. This disordered layer is reminiscent of those found around the crystalline core of calcified biominerals in various natural composite materials in vivo. This work provides an extended local model of bone biomineralization

Acurácia dos achados clínicos para determinar o estado hemodinâmico em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca

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Preditores do uso de beta-bloqueadores em pacientes ambulatoriais com insuficiência cardíaca por disfunção sistólica

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Morbi-mortalidade cardiovascular na insuficiência cardíaca : preditores clínicos na era dos beta-bloqueadores

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Encapsulation de bactéries dans des gels de silice

PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Studying Heavy Metals in Sediments Layers along Selected Sites on the Lebanese Coast

Ensuring the environmental protection of the Lebanese coast requires a continues monitoring system. For this purpose, four heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu and Pb in the marine sediments along the Lebanese coast were selected for analysis Sampling was carried out from two sites: Beirut and Batroun. Thus, 1g of dried sample is used for digestion by wet mineralization in order to determine the concentration of the four heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that Beirut area is polluted, by Fe and Mn as well as the station Bat 2 of Batroun. For Cu and Pb, Batroun region is more polluted in the superficial layers. The analysis also showed significant difference between the sites except for Cu. A difference between depths and between particles size fractions are observed for all the parameters studied. There is no a significant differ-ence in layer sequence except for the Pb, and neither between the repetitions of the same sample. Results showed that the values of the four metals studied do not exceed the maximum limits at both sites, but they showed increase in comparison with the analyses obtained before July 2006 conflict, which was caused by the release of large quantity of fuel-oil from Jiyeh Power Station