Higher central fat and poor self-body image in short-stature overweight/obese women living in Brazilian shantytowns

Background: Short stature in adult life, a possible consequence of poor perinatal conditions, is associated with higher risk of mortality and social disabilities. We aimed to determine whether low-income, overweight/obese, short-stature (SS) women show alterations in body composition, self-body-image perception, and biochemical profile compared to their non-short (NS) counterparts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with women living in shantytowns and mother or relatives to undernourished children treated in a center for recuperation and nutritional education. Inclusion criteria were: (1) age, 19-45 years(2) stature 158.7 cmand (3) body mass index > 25 kg/m(2). Socioeconomic, anthropometric, biochemical, and body image data were collected. We analyzed 56 SS and 57 NS women. Results: The SS group showed a higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (mean: 0.63standard deviation: 0.06 for SS and mean: 0.60standard deviation: 0.07 for the NS groupp = 0.02), and, in the adjusted analysis, showed lower fat-free mass (Estimated Marginal Mean for the SS group: 45.7 kg 95% confidence intervals (CI) (45.2-46.2) and for the NS group: 46.9 kg 95% CI (46.4-47.4)p < 0.01) and higher fat mass (Estimated Marginal Mean for the SS group: 32.5 95% CI (31.9-33.0) and for the NS group: 31.4 kg 95% CI (30.9-31.9)p < 0.01). Body mass index was a better predictor of current self-body-image perception for NS women. The SS coefficient values were beta = 0.141, SE = 0.059, and R-2-Nagelkerke = 0.107, and the NS coefficients values were beta = 0.307, SE = 0.058, and R-2 -Nagelkerke = 0.491 (Z = 2.006p < 0.05). Considering the obese subgroup, six out of 32 (18.8%) SS women and 14 out of 33 (42.4%) NS women perceived themselves as obese (chi(2) = 4.27p = 0.03). This difference remained significant even after adjustment by age, schooling, and number of children (p = 0.04). Only the total thyroxin showed significant differences between groups, lower in SS women (p = 0.04). Discussion: Overweight/obese, low-income SS women have more central adiposity and impaired self-body image perception, and the body mass index is a weaker predictor of it, compared to NS women. Misperception about body size may be linked with an overestimation of health and underestimation of risk, which may lead to a lower utilization of the health care system and inadequate physician counseling. These features may account, at least partially, for the higher mortality risk seen in SS adults.Univ Fed Alagoas, Fac Nutr, Maceio, AI, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Aging and wave-component latency delays in oVEMP and cVEMP: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Introduction: The natural aging process may result in morphological changes in the vestibular system and in the afferent neural pathway, including loss of hair cells, decreased numbers of vestibular nerve cells, and loss of neurons in the vestibular nucleus. Thus, with advancing age, there should be a decrease in amplitudes and an increase in latencies of the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, especially the prolongation of p13 latency. Moreover, many investigations have found no significant differences in latencies with advancing age. Objective: To determine if there are significant differences in the latencies of cervical and ocular evoked myogenic potentials between elderly and adult patients. Methods: This is a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies, comparing the differences of these parameters between elderly and young adults, without language or date restrictions, in the following databases: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS, in addition to the gray literature databases: OpenGrey.eu and DissOnline, as well as Research Gate. Results: The n1 oVEMP latencies had a mean delay in the elderly of 2.32 ms with 95% CI of 0.55-4.10 ms. The overall effect test showed p = 0.01, disclosing that such difference was significant. The heterogeneity found was I-2 = 96% (p 60 years than in young adults. (C) 2017 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.Univ Estadual Ciencias Saude Alagoas UNCISAL, Audiol, Maceio, AL, BrazilUniv Fed Alagoas UFAL, Rede Nordeste Biotecnol RENORBIO, Biotecnol Saude, Maceio, AL, BrazilUniv Estadual Ciencias Saude Alagoas UNCISAL, Maceio, AL, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Disturbio Comunicacao, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Alagoas UFAL, Maceio, AL, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Ciencias, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fis Aplicada Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Disturbio Comunicacao, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Ciencias, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

DESEMPENHO COGNITIVO DE PRÉ-ESCOLARES COM BAIXA ESTATURA EM TRATAMENTO DE RECUPERAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar se o tratamento de crianças com baixa estatura, ofertado em um centro especializado, influencia seu desempenho cognitivo. Métodos: Foram analisados dois grupos de crianças advindas de famílias vulneráveis, um com crianças com baixa estatura em tratamento no Centro de Recuperação e Educação Nutricional (CREN) e outro de crianças eutróficas de uma creche municipal localizada na mesma região do CREN. No CREN, as crianças são tratadas em semi-internato (9 horas/dia, 5 dias/semana), recebendo suporte médico, nutricional e psicopedagógico. Todas foram submetidas ao Teste de Triagem do Desenvolvimento de Denver-II e avaliadas quanto ao índice de estatura-para-idade em 3 momentos distintos: no início do acompanhamento e após 6 e 12 meses. A classificação socioeconômica das crianças, de acordo com os Critérios de Classificação Econômica Brasil, foi feita no início do acompanhamento. Calcularam-se razões de prevalência para a análise transversal da linha de base, por meio de uma regressão de Poisson, e razões de prevalência agrupadas para a análise longitudinal, por meio de um modelo de estimativas de equações generalizadas, ambas ajustadas por idade, sexo e classe socioeconômica. Resultados: Ao todo, 74 crianças foram analisadas, 37 em cada grupo. Não houve diferenças de idade, sexo e classe socioeconômica entre os grupos. Na análise longitudinal, o grupo CREN apresentou melhor desempenho no domínio pessoal-social (razão de prevalência agrupada: 0,89; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95%: 0,82-0,95), sem diferenças significativas para os demais domínios. Conclusão: O tratamento ofertado pelo CREN melhorou satisfatoriamente as habilidades sociais das crianças tratadas, sem alterar os demais domínios

Commentary on “Food addiction, orthorexia nervosa and dietary diversity among Bangladeshi university students: a large online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic”

Abstract The food addiction construct is receiving increasing attention from researchers and clinicians worldwide. Given its rise, scientific production on the subject is increasingly abundant. Conducting studies evaluating food addiction in emerging countries is of great importance, given that most scientific production comes from high-income countries. A recent study aimed to explore the prevalences of orthorexia nervosa and food addiction and their associations with dietary diversity in university students in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. This correspondence presents questions about using the older version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale to assess food addiction. It also highlights issues related to the prevalence of food addiction observed in the study

Aging and wave-component latency delays in oVEMP and cVEMP: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction: The natural aging process may result in morphological changes in the vestibular system and in the afferent neural pathway, including loss of hair cells, decreased numbers of vestibular nerve cells, and loss of neurons in the vestibular nucleus. Thus, with advancing age, there should be a decrease in amplitudes and an increase in latencies of the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, especially the prolongation of p13 latency. Moreover, many investigations have found no significant differences in latencies with advancing age. Objective: To determine if there are significant differences in the latencies of cervical and ocular evoked myogenic potentials between elderly and adult patients. Methods: This is a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies, comparing the differences of these parameters between elderly and young adults, without language or date restrictions, in the following databases: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS, in addition to the gray literature databases: OpenGrey.eu and DissOnline, as well as Research Gate. Results: The n1 oVEMP latencies had a mean delay in the elderly of 2.32 ms with 95% CI of 0.55-4.10 ms. The overall effect test showed p = 0.01, disclosing that such difference was significant. The heterogeneity found was I 2 = 96% (p 60 years than in young adults

Association between COVID-19 diagnosis and economic class, race/skin color and social distancing in Brazilian university students

Purpose: To determine the association between diagnosis of COVID-19 and the economic class, race/skin color, and adherence to social distancing in Brazilian university students. Methods: This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out with online questionnaires applied to Brazilian university students, at 94 universities in the public and private education network. Self-reported age, sex, economic class data, race/skin color, COVID-19 diagnosis, and adherence to social distancing measures were collected. Results: 5,984 individuals were evaluated. No significant association was found between the diagnosis of COVID-19 and economic class and race/skin color in the multivariable analysis. However, we observed that there were significant associations between the diagnosis of COVID-19 and partial adherence to social distancing, with leaving home only for going to work (PR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.10–1.66; p &lt; 0.01) and with non-adherence to social distancing (PR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.29–2.97; p &lt;0.01). Conclusion: The diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with age, non-adherence and partial adherence to social distancing measures in Brazilian university students, but was not associated with race/skin color and economic class.Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre o diagnóstico de COVID-19 e a classe econômica, raça/cor da pele e adesão às medidas ao distanciamento social em universitários brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de abrangência nacional, realizado com universitários brasileiros. Foram coletados dados autorreferidos de idade, sexo, classe econômica, raça/cor, diagnóstico do COVID-19 e adesão às medidas de distanciamento social. Resultados: 5.984 indivíduos foram avaliados. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre o diagnóstico de COVID-19, a classe econômica e raça/cor na análise multivariável. Observamos que houve associações significativas entre o diagnóstico de COVID-19 e adesão parcial ao distanciamento social (RP: 1,35; IC 95%: 1.10–1.66; p &lt; 0,01) e com a não adesão ao distanciamento social (RP: 1,96; IC95%: 1.29–2.97; p &lt; 0,01). Conclusão: O diagnóstico de COVID-19 foi associado à idade, não adesão e adesão parcial às medidas de distanciamento social em universitários brasileiros, mas não se associou à raça/cor e classe econômica

Consumption of minimally processed food is inversely associated with excess weight in adolescents living in an underdeveloped city

<div><p>Background</p><p>The consumption of ultra-processed foods may be associated with the development of chronic diseases, both in adults and in children/adolescents. This consumption is growing worldwide, especially in low and middle-income countries. Nevertheless, its magnitude in small, poor cities from the countryside is not well characterized, especially in adolescents. This study aimed to assess the consumption of minimally processed, processed and ultra-processed foods by adolescents from a poor Brazilian city and to determine if it was associated with excess weight, high waist circumference and high blood pressure.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Cross-sectional study, conducted at a public federal school that offers technical education together with high school, located in the city of Murici. Adolescents of both sexes and aged between 14–19 years old were included. Anthropometric characteristics (weight, height, waist circumference), blood pressure, and dietary intake data were assessed. Associations were calculated using Poisson regression models, adjusted by sex and age.</p><p>Results</p><p>At total, 249 adolescents were included, being 55.8% girls, with a mean age of 16 years-old. The consumption of minimally processed foods was inversely associated with excess weight (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio: 0.61, 95% Confidence Interval: [0.39–0.96], P = 0.03). Although the consumption of ultra-processed foods was not associated with excess weight, high blood pressure and high waist circumference, 46.2% of the sample reported eating these products more than weekly.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Consumption of minimally processed food is inversely associated with excess weight in adolescents. Investments in nutritional education aiming the prevention of chronic diseases associated with the consumption of these foods are necessary.</p></div