Machine learning innovations in address matching: A practical comparison of word2vec and CRFs

© 2019 The Authors. Transactions in GIS published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Record linkage is a frequent obstacle to unlocking the benefits of integrated (spatial) data sources. In the absence of unique identifiers to directly join records, practitioners often rely on text-based approaches for resolving candidate pairs of records to a match. In geographic information science, spatial record linkage is a form of geocoding that pertains to the resolution of text-based linkage between pairs of addresses into matches and non-matches. These approaches link text-based address sequences, integrating sources of data that would otherwise remain in isolation. While recent innovations in machine learning have been introduced in the wider record linkage literature, there is significant potential to apply machine learning to the address matching sub-field of geographic information science. As a response, this paper introduces two recent developments in text-based machine learning—conditional random fields and word2vec—that have not been applied to address matching, evaluating their comparative strengths and drawbacks

Application of geographic information systems and simulation modelling to dental public health: Where next?

Public health research in dentistry has used geographic information systems since the 1960s. Since then, the methods used in the field have matured, moving beyond simple spatial associations to the use of complex spatial statistics and, on occasions, simulation modelling. Many analyses are often descriptive in nature; however, and the use of more advanced spatial simulation methods within dental public health remains rare, despite the potential they offer the field. This review introduces a new approach to geographical analysis of oral health outcomes in neighbourhoods and small area geographies through two novel simulation methods-spatial microsimulation and agent-based modelling. Spatial microsimulation is a population synthesis technique, used to combine survey data with Census population totals to create representative individual-level population datasets, allowing for the use of individual-level data previously unavailable at small spatial scales. Agent-based models are computer simulations capable of capturing interactions and feedback mechanisms, both of which are key to understanding health outcomes. Due to these dynamic and interactive processes, the method has an advantage over traditional statistical techniques such as regression analysis, which often isolate elements from each other when testing for statistical significance. This article discusses the current state of spatial analysis within the dental public health field, before reviewing each of the methods, their applications, as well as their advantages and limitations. Directions and topics for future research are also discussed, before addressing the potential to combine the two methods in order to further utilize their advantages. Overall, this review highlights the promise these methods offer, not just for making methodological advances, but also for adding to our ability to test and better understand theoretical concepts and pathways

Effects of adding midazolam to intrathecal bupivacaine on pain after cesarean section

Background: Midazolam is one of the most commonly used benzodiazepines in anesthesia that has recently been considered as an analgesic in intrathecal block. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding midazolam to intrathecal bupivacaine on the pain after cesarean section. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia in 2009. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups. One group received 10 mg bupivacaine plus 0.02 mg/kg midazolam intrathecally while other group recieved 10 mg bupivacaine plus 0.5 ml distilled water intrathecally. The duration of anesthesia, time of the first analgesic request, and total consumption of analgesic in the first 24 hours after cesarean section were recorded. Data were analyzed using T-test, Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test and chisquare test. Findings: Duration of anesthesia in the patients receiving midazolam was significantly longer than the control patients (209 min vs. 192 min). The mean time of the first analgesic request was also significantly longer in the patients receiving midazolam compared to the control patients (283 min vs. 235 min). Total analgesic consumption in 24 hours after surgery was significantly lower in the midazolam group compared to the control group (2 times vs. 2.5 times). Conclusion: With regards to the results, adding 0.02 mg/kg intrathecal midazolam to bupivacaine increased duration of anesthesia and time of the first analgesic request following cesarean section compared to bupivacaine alone. Keywords: Midazolam, Pain, Spinal Injections, Cesarean Section, Bupivacain

Evaluation of Biodentine Pulpotomies in Deciduous Molars with Physiological Root Resorption (Stage 3).

INTRODUCTION: Conservation of primary dentition is essential for maintenance of arch length, esthetic, mastication, speech and prevention of abnormal habits. The commonly supported treatment for retaining carious primary molars with affected pulp is pulpotomy. AIM: The study aims to evaluate clinically and radiographically the rates of success and efficacy of Biodentine™ as pulpotomy medicament exclusively on primary molars with physiological root resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 35 primary molars in stage three of formation were selected to undergo pulpotomy treatment. All teeth were restored with pediatric stainless-steel crowns.The clinical findings were evaluated at 1, 3, 6 and 12-month intervals and the radiographic follow-ups evaluations were done at 6 and 12 months. The resulting data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS© for Windows version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Mc Nemar test was conducted to evaluate the differences in results between months 6 and 12. RESULTS: Periodontal ligament space (PLS) widening and alveolar bone lesion were not seen in any of the 35 cases, 9 teeth (25.7%) manifested pulp canal obliteration (PCO), and none of the cases showed signs of pathologic root resorption. The clinical and radiographic success rates in pulpotomy using Biodentine™ at 6 and 12 months were 100%. CONCLUSION: Pulpotomies performed with Biodentine™ were entirely successful. This dressing material appears to be a serious pulpotomy agent in primary molars with root resorption.How to cite this article: Nasseh HN, Noueiri BE, Pilipili C, Ayoub F. Evaluation of Biodentine Pulpotomies in Deciduous Molars with Physiological Root Resorption (Stage 3)

Effect of niobium and phase transformation temperature on the microstructure and texture of a novel 0.40% C thermomechanically processed steel

Abstract Field emission scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been employed to investigate the effect of niobium and phase transformation temperature on the evolution of microstructure and texture in a novel thermomechanically processed, medium‑carbon, low-alloy steel intended for slurry pipeline applications. Thermomechanical processing consisted of hot-rolling in the austenitic region with deformation both above the recrystallization limit temperature and below the recrystallization stop temperature. Immediately after rolling, specimens were directly quenched in water to two different temperatures of 560 °C and 420 °C and subsequently furnace cooled from those temperatures to simulate the cooling of coiled strip on a hot strip mill. The microstructure of samples quenched to 560 °C mostly comprised of upper bainite, whereas the samples quenched to 420 °C mainly consisted of lath-type lower bainite. The transformation texture of all samples at the mid-thickness position consisted of α, γ and ε-fibers with high intensities close to the transformed copper, transformed brass and rotated cube components. The addition of 0.013 wt% Nb refined the microstructure and sharpened the texture. The texture of the small fraction of retained austenite present in the final microstructures indicated that the main bcc texture components result from the brass and copper components in the parent austenite

Quick adsorption followed by lengthy photodegradation using FeNi<inf>3</inf>@SiO<inf>2</inf>@ZnO: A promising method for complete removal of penicillin G from wastewater

In this study, FeNi3@SiO2@ZnO nanoparticles were prepared via coprecipitation and sol–gel methods and were used as both PNG adsorbent and photodegradation catalyst. Thereafter, an aqueous solution containing penicillin G (PNG) was subjected to adsorption for 20 min followed by photodegradation for 200 min. To optimize the treatment method, the PNG removal efficiencies of the adsorption and photodegradation processes were measured under different experimental conditions, and it was determined that the increase in FeNi3@SiO2@ZnO nanoparticle concentration from 0.005 to 1 g/L favored adsorption but hindered photodegradation, as PNG removal efficiency noticeably decreased after increasing the catalyst concentration beyond 0.01 g/L. The results revealed that a PNG removal efficiency of 100 % could be achieved after 220 min of successive adsorption and photodegradation at a pH of 5, FeNi3@SiO2@ZnO concentration of 0.01 g/L, PNG concentration of 10 mg/L, and H2O2 concentration of 150 mg/L. Analysis of the PNG photodegradation mechanism demonstrated that the superoxide anion radicals generated during photodegradation played a major role in PNG degradation. FeNi3@SiO2@ZnO is a sustainable adsorbent/catalyst because it can be reused for six consecutive treatment cycles with minor losses in efficiency (<3 %) and quantity (<1 %). Our results indicated that the prepared FeNi3@SiO2@ZnO nanoparticles were highly effective treatment agents and presented great practical application potential for the treatment of PNG-laden wastewater using adsorption–photodegradation