Methodology and Applications of Christian Leadership Ethics

A fundamental methodology for Christian leadership ethics will be proposed, which has long been pending in the discourse on ethical leadership. It is necessary to first clarify what characterizes leadership ethics, and secondly, what Christian leadership ethics imply and how this methodology should be classified with regard to alternative paradigms. Thirdly, the practical impact for selected areas of application will be pointed out. It will be demonstrated that leadership ethics in general is based on a transparent basis of values and apply to specific scopes. It defines the relationship between economic efficiency and human utility in a narrower sense as objective dualism. Christian leadership ethics is based on the biblical conception of man and therefore the arguments are metaphysical. The related answer to objective-dualism implies direct consequences for the design of human resource management, motivation and communication. At least from a Christian point of view, it is undisputable that there are and should be Christian leaders in management. But can or should there be Christian leadership ethics? This has been questioned in principle by the example of Ferdinand Rohrhirsch – even though recently, several approaches have raised this claim: for instance, the model of Servant Leadership, which comes from the U.S. and is slowly being established in Europe. The perspective leadership ethics by Cornelius Keppeler or the Business Metaphysics by Michael Schramm, is another example. In this article we clear the way for a Christian methodology which goes beyond virtue. We clarify what is meant by corresponding Christian leadership ethics and where, from a fundamental ethical point of view, such a system can be classified in relation to alternative paradigms. Corresponding consequences for selected areas of application will be shown

(Sp)-1-Diphenylphosphanyl-2-{(S)-[2-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl]hydroxymethyl}ferrocene

The absolute configuration of the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C36H29OP2)], is Sp at the ferrocene group and S at the asymmetric C atom. Both P atoms have a trigonal-pyramidal conformation. There is a short intramolecular C-H...P contact with an H...P distance of 2.56 Å. The hydroxy group is involved in an intramolecular O-H...[pi]phenyl interaction. The crystal packing shows five very weak intermolecular C-H...[pi] contacts, with H...Cg distances between 3.26 and 3.39 Å (Cg is the centroid of a phenyl or cyclopentadienyl ring). Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 162 K; mean σ(C–C) = 0.004 Å; R factor = 0.038; wR factor = 0.083; data-to-parameter ratio = 22.3

Efeito da antecipação da oferta de artemia na larvicultura do peixe-palhaço Amphiprion clarkii

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, 2013.O sucesso do cultivo de algumas espécies de peixes marinhos está diretamente ligado ao bom desempenho da larvicultura que, por sua vez, é influenciada principalmente pela alimentação. Rotífero é largamente utilizado como primeira alimentação e, quando a larva já consegue capturar alimentos maiores, inicia-se o fornecimento de náuplios de artemia. Quando analisada a produção de Amphiprion clarkii, percebe-se uma divergência entre os autores quanto ao dia em que se deve parar de fornecer o rotífero e iniciar o fornecimento de artemia. Sabendo disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar qual o melhor momento para iniciar o fornecimento de náuplios de artemia para as larvas de A. clarkii. Para isso foram testados três tratamentos: T2 iniciou o fornecimento de artemia no 2º dia após a eclosão (DAE) das larvas, T4 recebeu artemia no 4º DAE e T6 (Controle) no 6º DAE. Foram analisados o crescimento, o ganho de peso, a sobrevivência, a metamorfose e o tamanho da boca das larvas no dia em que começaram a receber artemia. Embora não tenha havido diferença da sobrevivência entre os tratamentos, observou-se que algumas larvas de A. clarkii já tinham capacidade de capturar nauplios de artemia no 2º DAE, fazendo com que o T2 crescesse de 3,78 ± 0,02 mm (Média ± EP) no dia da eclosão para 8,33 ± 0,22 mm no 13º DAE, sendo significativamente maior que o T6 o qual mediu 7,43 ± 0,15 mm no mesmo período de tempo. Além do comprimento, o peso do T2 (16,5 ± 0,8 mg) também foi significativamente maior que T4 e T6 que apresentaram 14,1 ± 0,6 mg e 12,5 ± 0,4 mg, respectivamente no final do experimento. Quanto a metamorfose, o T2 teve as primeiras larvas metamorfoseadas um dia antes dos demais tratamentos. Esses resultados foram semelhantes e até superiores a resultados encontrados em outros trabalhos que também utilizaram A. clarkii iniciando o fornecimento de artemia mais tarde, mostrando que a antecipação de artemia para o 2º DAE é viável podendo inclusive melhorar o desempenho larval.Abstract : The successful cultivation of marine fish is directly related to the good performance of the larviculture, which is influenced primarily by feeding. Rotifer is widely used in aquaculture as the starting food and, when the larva is able to capture larger prey, the artemia nauplii supply begins. Analyzing the production of Amphiprion clarkii, it is noticed a conflict between the authors about the day to stop providing rotifers and start supplying artemia. Knowing this, the main objective of this paper was to evaluate the best moment to start providing artemia's nauplii for A. clarkii larvae. For this, three treatments were tested: T2 began the artemia supply on the 2nd day after hatching (DAH) of larvae, T4 received artemia on the 4th DAH and T6 (Control) at 6th DAH. Growth, weight, survival, metamorphosis and mouth size of the larvae were analyzed by the time they started receiving artemia. Although there was no difference in survival between the treatments, it was observed that some A. clarkii larvae already had the ability to capture artemia in the 2nd DAH, resulting in increasing growth at T2 from 3.78 ± 0.02 mm (Mean ± SE) at hatching to 8.33 ± 0.22 mm at the 13th DAH, significantly bigger than T6, with 7.43 ± 0.15 mm in the same period. Besides the length, the weight of T2 (16.5 ± 0.8 mg) was also significantly higher than T4 and T6, which showed 14.1 ± 0.6 mg and 12.5 ± 0.4 mg, respectively, at the end of the experiment. In relation to the metamorphosis, T2 had the first larvae metamorphosed, one day before the other treatments. These results were similar or even superior to the results found in other studies with A. clarkii that started supplying artemia later, showing that the anticipation of artemia for the 2nd DAH is viable and may even improve larval performance

Effect of aging on endogenous level of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, estradiol, and estrone in epithelium and stroma of normal and hyperplastic human prostate.

associated with aging. Thus, the question arises whether or not a correlation exists between the well known prostatic androgen and estrogen accumulation and aging. To address this question, we measured 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone, estradiol, and estrone in epithelium and stroma of six normal (NPR) and 19 BPH and correlated the values with the age of the donors (26-87 yr). The mean DHT level in NPR epithelium was significantly higher than in NPR stroma, and also significantly higher than in epithelium and stroma of BPH. The epithelial DHT level of NPR and BPH decreased with age, the correlation being statistically significant. The stromal DHT level of NPR and BPH showed no correlation with age. Concerning testosterone, generally rather low values were found which showed no correlation with age. The mean levels of estradiol and estrone were significantly higher in BPH stroma as compared to BPH epithelium as well as to NPR epithelium and stroma. In NPR, the mean levels of estradiol and estrone were significantly higher in epithelium than stroma. In NPR and BPH, the stromal estradiol and estrone levels increased significantly with age. In epithelium such a correlation between the estrogen levels and age was not found. Our results indicate that the prostatic accumulation of DHT, estradiol, and estrone is in part intimately correlated with aging, leading with increasing age to a dramatic increase of the estrogen/androgen ratio particularly in stroma of BPH

Polynomial Chaos Expansion method as a tool to evaluate and quantify field homogeneities of a novel waveguide RF Wien Filter

For the measurement of the electric dipole moment of protons and deuterons, a novel waveguide RF Wien filter has been designed and will soon be integrated at the COoler SYnchrotron at J\"ulich. The device operates at the harmonic frequencies of the spin motion. It is based on a waveguide structure that is capable of fulfilling the Wien filter condition ($\vec{E} \perp \vec{B}$) \textit{by design}. The full-wave calculations demonstrated that the waveguide RF Wien filter is able to generate high-quality RF electric and magnetic fields. In reality, mechanical tolerances and misalignments decrease the simulated field quality, and it is therefore important to consider them in the simulations. In particular, for the electric dipole moment measurement, it is important to quantify the field errors systematically. Since Monte-Carlo simulations are computationally very expensive, we discuss here an efficient surrogate modeling scheme based on the Polynomial Chaos Expansion method to compute the field quality in the presence of tolerances and misalignments and subsequently to perform the sensitivity analysis at zero additional computational cost.Comment: 12 pages, 19 figure

G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK-2) regulates serotonin metabolism through the monoamine oxidase AMX-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many animal behaviors. GPCR signaling is mediated by agonist-promoted interactions of GPCRs with heterotrimeric G proteins, GPCR kinases (GRKs), and arrestins. To further elucidate the role of GRKs in regulating GPCR-mediated behaviors, we utilized the genetic model system Caenorhabditis elegans Our studies demonstrate that grk-2 loss-of-function strains are egg laying-defective and contain low levels of serotonin (5-HT) and high levels of the 5-HT metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA). The egg laying defect could be rescued by the expression of wild type but not by catalytically inactive grk-2 or by the selective expression of grk-2 in hermaphrodite-specific neurons. The addition of 5-HT or inhibition of 5-HT metabolism also rescued the egg laying defect. Furthermore, we demonstrate that AMX-2 is the primary monoamine oxidase that metabolizes 5-HT in C. elegans, and we also found that grk-2 loss-of-function strains have abnormally high levels of AMX-2 compared with wild-type nematodes. Interestingly, GRK-2 was also found to interact with and promote the phosphorylation of AMX-2. Additional studies reveal that 5-HIAA functions to inhibit egg laying in a manner dependent on the 5-HT receptor SER-1 and the G protein GOA-1. These results demonstrate that GRK-2 modulates 5-HT metabolism by regulating AMX-2 function and that 5-HIAA may function in the SER-1 signaling pathway

The rats in Hawaiian sugarcane

Heavy losses In Hawaiian sugarcane are caused by Polynesian rats (Rattus exulans), Norway rats (R. norvegicus), and black rats (R. rattus). Relative population levels, movement patterns, damage to sugarcane, and suggested timing of control during five stages of the 2-year crop cycle are described. The progress toward the registering of zinc phosphide for use in crops and the development of other rodenticides are mentioned

Employing Geodatabases for Planetary Mapping Conduct - Requirements, Concepts and Solutions

Planetary geologic mapping has become complex in terms of merging and co-registering a variety of different datasets for analysis and mapping. But it has also become more convenient when it comes to conducting actual (geoscientific) mapping with the help of desktop Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The complexity and variety of data, however, are major issues that need to be taken care of in order to provide mappers with a consistent and easy-to-use mapping basis. Furthermore, a high degree of functionality and interoperability of various commercial and open-source GIS and remote sensing applications allow mappers to organize map data, map components and attribute data in a more sophisticated and intuitional way when compared to workflows 15 years ago. Integration of mapping results of different groups becomes an awkward task as each mapper follows his/her own style, especially if mapping conduct is not coordinated and organized programmatically. Problems of data homogenization start with various interpretations and implementations of planetary map projections and reference systems which form the core component of any mapping and analysis work. If the data basis is inconsistent, mapping results in terms of objects georeference become hard to integrate. Apart from data organization and referencing issues, which are important on the mapping as well as the data-processing side of every project, the organization of planetary geologic map units and attributes, as well as their representation within a common GIS environment, are key components that need to be taken care of in a consistent and persistent way

Insulin-like growth factor I is an independent coregulatory modulator of natural killer (NK) cell activity.

We aimed to investigate the natural killer (NK) cell activity in hGH-deficient adults and to analyze the effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I in uivo and in vitro on NK cell activity. NK cell activity was measured in a 4-h nonisotopic assay with europium-labeled and cryopreserved K-562 cells. NK-cell numbers were measured after incubation with murine monoclonal CD3 and CD16 antibodies by flow cytometry analysis. In a cross-sectional study, the basal and interferon- p (IFN-P) stimulated (1000 IU/ml) NK cell activity of 15 hGHdeficient patients and 15 age- and sex-matched controls was measured. The percentages and absolute numbers of CD3./16+ NK-cells were not significantly different in the patient vs. control group. The basal and IFN-P stimulated NK cell activity however was significantly decreased in the patient vs. control group at all effecter/target (E/T) cell ratios from 12.5-100 (e.g. 17 ? 3 vs. 28 ? 3% lysis without IFN-P, P < 0.05, and 42 t 4 vs. 57 2 4% lysis with IFN-0, P < 0.05; both at E/T 50). IGF-I levels of patients and controls showed a significant positive correlation with NK cell activity (r = 0.37; P < 0.05). In an IGF-I in vitro study (IGF-I in vitro 250-1250 kg/L), the basal and IFN-P stimulated NK cell activity of 13 hGH-deficient patients and of 18 normal subjects was significantly enhanced by IGF-I in vitro (e.g. GH-deficient patients: 9 ? 2 us. 10 2 2% lysis without IFN-P, P < 0.05 and 25 + 4 vs. 30 + 4% lysis with IFN-/3, P < 0.005; and normal subjects: 15 + 3 vs. 23 ? 3% lysis without IFN-/3, P < 0.001 and 35 2 4 us. 44 + 5% lysis with IFN-P, P < 0.001; both at IGF-I 500 pg/L). In summary, in our cross-sectional study, adult GH-deficient patients showed a significantly lower basal and IFN-P stimulated NK cell activity than matched controls, despite equal NK cell numbers. IGF-I levels of patients and controls showed a weak positive correlation with NK cell activity. In an in vitro study, IGF-I significantly enhanced basal and IFN-P stimulated NK cell activity of hGH-deficient patients and also of normal subjects. The decreased NK cell activity in GHdeficient patients may be caused at least in part by low serum IGF-I levels. IGF-I appears to be an independent coregulatory modulator of NK cell activity. (Endocrinology 137: 5332-5336, 1996

Towards wafer scale inductive determination of magnetostatic and dynamic parameters of magnetic thin films and multilayers

We investigate an inductive probe head suitable for non-invasive characterization of the magnetostatic and dynamic parameters of magnetic thin films and multilayers on the wafer scale. The probe is based on a planar waveguide with rearward high frequency connectors that can be brought in close contact to the wafer surface. Inductive characterization of the magnetic material is carried out by vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance. Analysis of the field dispersion of the resonance allows the determination of key material parameters such as the saturation magnetization MS or the effective damping parameter Meff. Three waveguide designs are tested. The broadband frequency response is characterized and the suitability for inductive determination of MS and Meff is compared. Integration of such probes in a wafer prober could in the future allow wafer scale in-line testing of magnetostatic and dynamic key material parameters of magnetic thin films and multilayers