CLINICAL EVALUATION OF GUGGULU KALPA CHIKITSA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STHAULYA W.S.R OBESITY- CASE REPORT

Obesity!! When anyone say this word what thought comes to our mind? A fat person with heavy distended abdomen, heavy obese legs, arms, puffy face. But do we think that the person who is obese suffered a lot due his/her weight. This is an era where more than 50% of the human being suffered from this major ailment which actually causes various other diseases like diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypertention, cardiopulmonary diseases. Obesity not only affect the body of a person but it has also a major impact over mind, mostly patient suffered from obesity also suffered with depression because of cutoff and rejection from the society. In Ayurveda also person who is obese/ Sthula is considered under Ninditya purusha which generally means abnormal. Modern medicine has treatment for this but to a very limited extent and it is very costly also. In Ayurveda there is vast reference for Sthaulya and its treatment. Case studies were done on Sthaulya roga in which Guggulu kalpa chikitsa was done and results were evaluated. There was drastic reduction in weight of the patients along with the reduction in inches of abdominal, arm and thigh girth within a month

EVALUATING CLINICAL EFFICACY OF KANTAKARI AEROSOL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BRONCHITIS: A CASE REPORT

Bronchitis refers to the inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, which helps in the movement of the air through the lungs. Bronchitis can be of two types acute and chronic. Acute bronchitis is very common which mainly occurs due to respiratory infections like common cold and chronic bronchitis on the other hand occurs due to the constant irritation which leads to inflammation of the bronchi mainly due to smoking or environment dust and pollution. Major signs and symptoms are dyspnea, cough with sputum. Main risk factors involves smoking, environmental pollution, dust and recurrent lung infections. In Ayurveda it can be correlated with Tamakashwasa on the basis of similar manifestations. Drug delivery mode through nasal route is termed as inhalation therapy; it has various plus points as compare oral drug administration mode. There is an immediate effect, drug goes directly to the site of pathogenesis and quick abruption of the drug. Rasayana therapy is mainly refers to the attainment of the excellence of body fluids, this helps in the rejuvenation of the body and reduce the recurrence of the disease, it also helps in improving the strength and immunity of the body. A case study was done on bronchitis in the All India Institute of Ayurveda hospital. Inhalation therapy was given for 15 days followed by Rasayana therapy for one month. There was marked improvement in all the signs and symptoms of the disease along with increase in pulmonary function test, also there is no recurrence of the signs and symptoms of the disease after the whole course of treatment during follow up

Improving nursing documentation via reducing the written work load

With the growth in the health care industry around the world and introduction to new technologies in the system, the uses of traditional methods in nursing practices are reducing. These modern work practices are meant to reduce human effort without compromising on the quality. Where as dealing with documentation whereas always has been a major challenge in providing the better health care. The project thus outlines the improving nursing documentation via reducing the written work load to increase work efficiency

Building Better Biosensors Controlling the Surface Density of Probe Molecules on Glassy Carbon

Carboxylic-acid functionalized molecules can be immobilized into the surface of a glassy carbon electrode through a multi-step surface modification procedure in which nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate is electrochemically grafted to the electrode surface and the NO2terminus subsequently converted to an NH2group that can readily be coupled via carbodiimide crosslinking. This surface modification has potential applications in the development of new electrochemical DNA biosensors when modification attest to be attainable and readily managed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of changing the concentration of nitrobenzene diazonium tetra fluoroborate for the duration of the initial electrochemical grafting step on the surface density of the surface modification. To achieve aim, the diazonium modified glassy carbon surface was exposed to carboxylic-acid functionalized anthraquinone, the presence of which at the electrode is established by cyclic voltammetry and the magnitude of the signal record employed for the estimation the surface density of grafted molecules. Results from the study revealed that diazonium reduction can be used to prepare surface densities of anthraquinone on a glassy carbon electrode at circa1×1012molecules per cm2, a value that is comparable to the surface densities of DNA probes used in current state-of the art electrochemical DNA biosensors on gold electrodes

Risk Factors for Injury to Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid Surgeries - A Tertiary Care Centre Experience

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during thyroid surgery. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sindh Government Lyari General Hospital / Shaheed Mohatarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College and Dr Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences from   July 2014 to August 2018.  Methods: Every patient with goiter (multinodular / solitary nodule) admitted for primary or revision surgery with normal vocal cord movements were included in this study, while patients having hoarseness due to impaired vocal cords movements were excluded from this study. Results: Out of 120 Patients 28 (23.33%) were operated for Total Thyroidectomy, 4 (3.34%) had Near total thyroidectomy and 49(40.83%) for Right lobectomy with isthmusectomy, 35(29.17%) for Left lobectomy with isthmusectomy and 4(3.3%) cases operated for recurrent goiter. Transient unilateral vocal cord paralysis occurred in 5 cases, became permanent in 3 cases. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis was seen in revision thyroidectomy in 1 case. Conclusion: With this study we have tried to evaluate the relation of injury to RLN and type of surgery performed. It can be concluded that thyroid surgery, if performed by expert surgeons carries low risk of injury to RLN. Lobectomies have a slightly lower risk of nerve injury compared to total thyroidectomies. In revision surgeries RLN are at greater risk. Careful dissections of nerve make an important pillar in preservation of RLN during surgery. Keywords:  Thyroidectomy, Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy, Risk Factors

PROSPECTIVE AND RETROSPECTIVE ANIMAL MODEL USED IN THE PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ANTI-CANCER DRUG

Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cells that have transformed from the normal cells of the body. The widely used cancer drugs suffers from the drawback of high toxicity not within the reach of a common man. This urgently necessitating the screening of these compounds. This review focuses on the major contributions of preclinical screening models to anticancer drug development over the years till recent times, from the empirical drug screening of cytotoxic agents against uncharacterized tumor models to the target-orientated drug screening of agents with defined mechanisms of action,, a general transition has been observed. The newer approaches to anticancer drug development involve the molecular characterization of models along with an appreciation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of compounds [e. g., the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vitro 60-cell line panel, hollow fibre assay, and s. c. xenograft]. In vivo tumor models including orthotopic, metastatic, and genetically engineered mouse models are also reviewed. The preclinical screening efforts of the European are also included. In 2015 with the rapid development of cancer modeling in zebrafish, great opportunities exist for chemical screens to find anticancer drug since 1970 the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Cancer Research UK, have been collaborating with the NCI in the acquisition and screening of compounds

Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies, Reading Practices and Academic Attainments of University Students

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between metacognitive awareness of reading strategies (MARS), and academic attainments (AA) of undergraduate business students. It also investigated the relationship between reading practices (RP) and MARS. There are three different categories of MARS – global, problem solving, and support reading strategies. The Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI), developed by Mokhtari and Reichard (2002) was used as the instrument for this study where the sample consisted of 571 male and female students of undergraduate business program from private and public universities of Karachi. The results showed Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies significantly predicts academic attainments of university students. The findings suggest that conducting workshops or training sessions for promoting MARS may be helpful to enhance students’ concentration towards the reading process that may affect their learning. Keywords: academic attainments, metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, reading practices, undergraduate students

Comparing Food and Cash Transfers to the Ultra-Poor in Bangladesh

"Bangladesh has some social safety net programs that transfer food to the poor, some that transfer cash, and some that provide a combination of both. This study evaluates the relative impacts of food and cash transfers on food security and livelihood outcomes among the ultra poor in Bangladesh. The programs impacts are evaluated according to various measures, including how well transfers are delivered; which transfers beneficiaries prefer; how accurately the programs target the extremely poor; effects on food security, livelihoods, and women’s empowerment; and cost effectiveness. The report identifies what has and has not worked in food and cash transfers and recommends ways of improving these programs. This study will be valuable to policymakers and others concerned with poverty reduction in Bangladesh and elsewhere." from textCash transfers, cost effectiveness, food security, Poverty, Poverty reduction, safety net programs, women empowerment,

Food Adulteration and Consumer Awareness in Dhaka City, 1995-2011

We conducted this study to investigate the magnitude of food adulteration during 1995\u20132011 and consumer awareness in Dhaka city. We reviewed results of food sample testing by Public Health Food Laboratory of Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution, Consumers Association of Bangladesh publications, reports from lay press, including those on mobile magistrate court operations. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 96 residents of Dhaka city, using a structured questionnaire in 2006. The overall proportion of food samples adulterated decreased during 2001-2005, and 40-54% of daily-consumed food was adulterated during 1995-2011. More than 35 food items were commonly adulterated. Consumers considered expiry date and quality or freshness as the best criteria while buying packaged and open food items respectively; only 11 (12%) respondents considered approval of regulatory authority for buying packaged food items. More than half of the food consumed in Dhaka city is adulterated, which warrants actions by the Government, the industry, and the consumers

Simultaneous determination of anti-diabetic drugs

A novel reverse phase, isocratic HPLC method is described to separate five anti-diabetic drugs i.e., glimepiride, metformin, sitagliptin, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. Nucleosil C18 analytical column was used as stationary phase, while mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:phosphate buffer: methanol (40/40/20, v/v) pH 2.0. Effluent was monitored at a flow rate 1 mL/min and detected at wavelength of 240 nm. This research produced excellent chromatography over a wide concentration range of 25‑10000 ng/mL. Sepprated and well resolved quantifiable peaks were obtained and test results were linear in this range. Correlation coefficient of more than 0.9990 was witnessed as well as Low %RSD values i.e., maximum 2.0% documented excellent precision of the method. Good recoveries from pharmaecutical (99-101%), urine and plasma samples (>96%) in a range of concentrtion granted very good linearity, accuracy and precision. The projected method has satisfactory applications in quality control of these molecules as well as quantification of these molecules in urine and plasma samples