Effectiveness of community dialogue in promoting hygiene and sanitation in Afghanistan

Poor hygiene and sanitation practices lead to increased burden of diarrhoeal diseases which is a leading cause of death among children under five years of age. According to the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey the under-five mortality rate is 55 deaths per 1,000 live births in Afghanistan and diarrhoea prevalence rate is 29% among children under age of five. Considering the importance of sustained hygiene and sanitation in reduction of diarrhoea, community dialogue approach was designed and implemented in six districts of three provinces in Afghanistan. This study revealed that installation of hand washing facilities, availability of soap and safe storage of water are improved 71.6, 75.3 and 41.9 percentage points respectively and entire target communities are declared open defecation free through implementation of community dialogue approach during a year

Ways to Reduce Poverty in the Economic System of Islam

Poverty is an economic condition of lacking basic necessities needed to live a reasonable life. This includes need for money, food, water, education and shelter. Poverty reduction is a process, aiming to reduce the level of poverty in a group of people or countries. Islamic bank suggests that poverty can be reduced by various means and methods, which includes economic growth (increase in income and living standard) and direct aid / private charity. World so far has followed two economic systems, communism and capitalism. The communism was based on an emotional reaction against evil consequences of the capitalist economy, specially, against the element of inequitable distribution of wealth. The world needs a third economic system. Elements of Islamic Economic System involve: financing /trading, Zakat and interest free loans. Even poor persons, with so credibility, can survive in the economic system. Islamic economics prefers co-operation to competition. This aspect of co-operation is a key to poverty reduction. It is possible to reduce poverty by following Islamic economic system because it takes care of society and social justice

Effect of Irrigation Intervals on forage production and quality of different alfalfa varieties under semi-arid conditions

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) is a well-known and most important forage crop throughout the world-wide, its yield and quality can be enhanced by well-managed irrigation and improved varieties. These two factors have significant changeable role among quantity and quality of the alfalfa crop. During the winter season of 2016-17, an investigation was performed at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to evaluate the effect of irrigation intervals on forage production and quality of different alfalfa varieties under semi-arid conditions. three irrigation intervals (10, 20 and 30 days after sowing) on three varieties of alfalfa (Supersonic, Sultana and Lucerne 2002) were used to study its effect on agronomic parameters (plant density, plant height, fresh and dry weights per plant, leaf area, fresh forage and dry matter yields per hectare) and quality parameters (crude protein, crude fiber and total ash content). The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement and having 3 replications. Data of the Crop growth, yield and the quality related traits was recorded by applying standard procedure. For statistical analysis of the recorded data, Fisher's ANOVA technique was used and the Treatments mean values were compared at 5% probability level using the least significant difference (LSD) test. Result of the field experiment revealed that the maximum green forage yield of 26.80 t ha-1 and protein percentage 21.05 was obtained when crop was irrigated 20 days interval and variety Lucerne 2002 was used. Therefore, irrigation with 20 days interval and using Lucerne 2002 variety proved to be best under agroecological conditions of Faisalabad

Two Sudden and Unexpected Deaths of Patients with Schizophrenia Associated with Intramuscular Injections of Antipsychotics and Practice Guidelines to Limit the Use of High Doses of Intramuscular Antipsychotics

Intravenous haloperidol has been associated with torsades de pointes (TdP). These two sudden deaths were probable adverse drug reactions (ADRs) following intramuscular (IM) antipsychotics. The autopsies described lack of heart pathology and were highly compatible with the possibility of TdP in the absence of risk factors other than the accumulation of antipsychotics with a high serum peak after the last injection, leading to death within hours. The first case was a 27-year-old African-American male with schizophrenia but no medical issues. His death was probably caused by repeated IM haloperidol injections of 10 mg (totaling 35 mg in 2 days). The second case involves a 42-year-old African-American female with metabolic syndrome. Her probable cause of death was the last ziprasidone IM injection of 20 mg in addition to (1) three extra haloperidol doses (2 hours before the ziprasidone injection, 5 mg oral haloperidol; approximately 21 hours earlier, 5 mg oral haloperidol; and 2 days prior, one 10 mg IM haloperidol injection), (2) 10 mg/day of scheduled oral haloperidol for 6 days before death, and (3) a long-acting paliperidone injection of 156 mg 18 days before death. The study of haloperidol glucuronidation and its impairment in some African-Americans is urgently recommended

Repairing, Maintenance and Cleaning Services (RMCC) - a conceptual enhanced business model

The purpose of this paper is to present services to people which might help them overcome their daily problems with cleaning, repairing, and maintaining of their houses, schools, universities and other living places. In addition, this is also helping people to have time for their other daily routines. Nowadays, many people are struggling with health problems; the reason is not to have clean and tidy living places due to the busy life. Therefore, this paper is proposing a conceptual biz model to overcome the pain and to find gain, utilizing Business Model Canvas (BMC), UPD, Literature Reviews, benchmarking, 4 Lenses of Innovation, and Value Proposition Design (VPD)

Relationship between IoT Service User Quality and Network QoS Factors

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a complete network of networked computer devices, digital and mechanical equipment, and the capacity to send data over the Internet based on machine to machine interaction. It is also known as the Internet of Everything (IoE). The Internet is a packet-switched network, which means that the Quality of Service (QoS) elements (such as packet loss, latency, jitter, and so on) have an influence on the Quality of Experience (QoE) for the Internet of Things services. This research used a subjective evaluation method in order to evaluate the relationship between the quality of service (QoS) measures such as packet loss, latency, and jitter and the quality of experience (QoE) for Internet of Things services. In addition to that, a mapping model from quality of service to quality of experience was suggested. According to the results of this research, there is a close connection between the subjective opinion score and the quality of service (QoS) variables such as packet loss, latency, and jitter. The results of this investigation open up possibilities for additional research into the quality of experience of Internet of Things services

Dental patients with psychological problems

The study was aimed to assess the role of dental surgeons in identifying dental patients with psychological problems.A cross-sectional study was conducted and a convenience sampling technique was used. The study was conducted from August 2018 to February 2019 and was approved by the ethical review board, (Ethical Approval no. BDC/ERB/2018/001). A pre-structured validated questionnaire was used for the survey. Two hundred seventy two registered GDPs and Postgraduates from different teaching hospitals present on the day of data collection were included in the study. These questionnaires were then distributed by the researchers to the dental surgeons of each designated hospital and filled up questionnaires were collected on the same day.The participants included were 208 GDPs and 64 postgraduates. The present study reported that 179(74.9%) GDP and 60(25.1%) PG encountered dental patients with psychological problems. One hundred thirty (74.3%) GDPs and 45(25.7%) PGs provided simple treatment and manage the psychological illness.Based on these findings of the study, it is concluded that dental surgeons do come across problems in identifying their dental patients with psychological problems

MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY RATE DUE TO SEVERE PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN 2-59 MONTHS FOR ONE YEAR IN MIRWAIS REGIONAL HOSPITAL PEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT KANDAHAR AFGHANISTAN

Children’s morbidity and mortality from respiratory disorders continue to be a serious problem, particularly for children under the age of five. Conduct research on demographic and clinical aspectsand prognosis of severe pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 5 years who were hospitalized to the pediatric unit of the Mirwais Regional Hospital in Kandahar, Afghanistan.In the pediatric ward of the Mirwais Regional Hospital in Kandahar, Afghanistan, a cross-sectional research was conducted. Information was gathered, compiled, and analyzed from the medical records of each case at the hospital for all patients with severe pneumonia who were admitted into the pediatric ward at MRH in the period between November 10, 2018 and November 9, 2019. The patients’ ages ranged from 2 months to 5 years. The data was then analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify characteristics related to pneumonia mortality. There were 462 instances of severe pneumonia, and 256 (55.4%) of those cases were in male and 206 (44.6%) in female.The total mortality rate was 57 (12.75) percent, while 390 patients (87.24) were successfully treated. Regarding residence, 260 (62.3%) were rural residents, while 202 (43.7%) were urban. During the winter and fall seasons, there were more cases admitted. 380 patients (82.1%) fell within the 2- to 12-month age range. Out of 462 patients, 199 (43%) were malnourished, and of them, 132 (28.57%) were severely malnourished (P-value: 0.0001 OR=4.73). According to their age, about 103 (22.2%) patients received all recommended vaccinations, 51 (11%) patients were not vaccinated, and 308 (66.5) patients received some vaccinations. 167 (36.1%) patients were fully breastfe

Dental patients with psychological problems

The study was aimed to assess the role of dental surgeons in identifying dental patients with psychological problems.A cross-sectional study was conducted and a convenience sampling technique was used. The study was conducted from August 2018 to February 2019 and was approved by the ethical review board, (Ethical Approval no. BDC/ERB/2018/001). A pre-structured validated questionnaire was used for the survey. Two hundred seventy two registered GDPs and Postgraduates from different teaching hospitals present on the day of data collection were included in the study. These questionnaires were then distributed by the researchers to the dental surgeons of each designated hospital and filled up questionnaires were collected on the same day.The participants included were 208 GDPs and 64 postgraduates. The present study reported that 179(74.9%) GDP and 60(25.1%) PG encountered dental patients with psychological problems. One hundred thirty (74.3%) GDPs and 45(25.7%) PGs provided simple treatment and manage the psychological illness.Based on these findings of the study, it is concluded that dental surgeons do come across problems in identifying their dental patients with psychological problems