Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGSOFT International Workshop on Software-Intensive Business: Start-ups, Platforms, and Ecosystems

Hub companies (e.g. Amazon, Facebook, Apple, Twitter and Google) rule the internet. They are de facto monopolies in their area of operations. They shape the future in which we live. And, it seems there is nothing we can do about that, as traditional economies of extreme scale – in which eventually the size of a corporation starts to be a hindrance, rather than an advantage – do not apply to them. On the contrary, they keep growing and growing and thus gaining stronger and stronger strangle hold over their respective areas of commerce and influence. This leads to unethical results, where the corporations spin out of any control, national or international. In this paper we give reasons to this phenomenon and lament the future of the internet – unless something drastic is done to change this.<br /

Arbor Notes May 2012

This May publication includes the subject headings: What's in a name?; Arboretum Associates Plant Sale; U-Idaho Arboretum joins select few in accredited ranks; Summer concert - Summer Breezes and Sweet Sounds; The lush mixed Mesophytic forests of Idaho - 14.5 to 15 years ago; The University of Idaho Arboretum and Botanical Garden: 30 years of planting and 35 years of the Arboretum Associates; Report from the Horticulturist; Arboretum Associates Annual Meeting; 'Conifers Around the World' by Zsolt Debreczy and Istv&aacute;n R&aacute;cz, edited by Kathy Musial; Intact cells, tissues, structures recovered from Anoxic, waterlogged Miocene deposits of Clarkia

Governing change towards sustainable economy in the Arctic

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Microscopic Determination of Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility Tensors

We demonstrate a microscopy technique that extracts tensorial information about the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and hyperpolarizability of molecular materials. Our technique is based on polarization-dependent second-harmonic generation and a genetic algorithm, using which the best possible match with the measured data, and the possible susceptibility tensor components are found. In contrast to existing techniques, which access only the magnitude of the nonlinear response, our technique also provides information about the phase of the tensor components, which is associated with molecular resonances. After verifying the technique using simulated model structures with well-known symmetries, we demonstrate its capabilities using model surface samples consisting of single purple membrane (PM) fragments of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) chromoproteins. Since the supramolecular structures of PM, bR, and photoactive retinal molecules are known, complex-valued tensorial information on the molecular hyperpolarizabilities can also be extracted. Our technique opens new possibilities for obtaining detailed structural information on biomolecular samples with microscopic resolution