The application of English Law in west Malaysia – section 3 and 5 of the Civil Law act 1956 (revised 1972) / Zaharah Hussain Naser

An interesting question which has given rise to a certain amount of discussion in the extent to which Malaysian Courts can adopt English law. Sections 3 and 5 of the Civil Law Act (Revised 1972) allow the courts to apply English law in certain circumstances but the exact scope of the provisions is far from clear. The main objectives of this project paper is to study how far Engl1sn law is applicable in West Malaysia as stated under Sections 3 and 5 of the Civil Law Act, 1956 (Revised 1972). Hopefully this project paper will make the readers understand that the English law is not totally applicable in the Malaysian Courts. There are certain limitations to the reception of English law which will be explored on this paper. According to the schematic outline of the study, Chapter 2 will discuss the English occupation and the introduction of English law in West Malaysia before 1956. This chapter mentions the history of the Straits Settlements and the Malays States before 1956 and how the British had introduced the English laws in these territories. A discussion of section 3 and 5 of the Civil Law Act, 1956 (Revised 1972) will be in Chapter 3. It includes the argument of Professor G.w. Bartholomew and Joseph Chia

Architectural anti-earthquake measures for architectural desing of buildings in earthquake-prone areas

This article provides practical architectural measures to be observed while planning buildings in earthquake-prone areas for the best durability of the structure

Impact of Storage and Different Variety on Proximate Composition and Functionality of Lentils

Lentil (Lens culinaris) is an edible pulse and is a nutritious legume. The nutrient value and the application of lentils in other food resources have been well documented. However, there exists a lack of studies that focus on the storage impact of pulses on lentil composition and functionality. The focus of most studies has been on the composition of lentils while the composition relative to and functionality of stored lentils has not been sufficiently evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of storage conditions on the nutrient composition and the functional properties of lentils. Four varieties of lentil (i.e., Avondale, CDC Richlea, CDC Maxim, and Pardina) were stored at room temperature (21-22 °C) and 40 °C and different relative humidity (40% and 55%) in sealed containers for 360 days. Statistical analysis using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that lentils were impacted by different storage conditions. Over 360 days, there was higher starch content (%) of lentil flours stored at high temperature HT, (40℃) while lower protein content was observed in the samples stored under diverse storage conditions. Increasing days of storage resulted in water-holding capacity of lentil flour stored at (HT, 40 ℃) and high relative humidity (HRH, 55 %). With increasing days of storage, lentils stored under 40 % and 55% RHs at 40 °C had significant color change, where all varieties tended to have a darker color after 360 days of storage suggesting enzymatic browning of the lentil seeds. Storage impacted the starch functionality (i.e., lower final viscosity, setback viscosity, gel strength; higher peak viscosity compared to the control sample). Therefore, increasing days of storage, and high temperature and relative humidity were observed to be the harshest storage conditions. The outcome of this study shows that storage conditions can substantially impact the nutrient profile and functionality of lentil flours and provided producers with knowledge of how quality is affected by storage. Based on this study, storage of lentils with low relative humidity (40 %) and low temperature (21 °C) is suggested for long-term storage

Experimental Study of the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Composite Dapped End under Effect of Static and Repeated Loads

In this study, the structural behavior and performance of the dapped end beams with composite section under effect of static and repeated loads was investigated by experimentally tested and included ten simply supported beams with dapped in one of ends. The parameters that have been taken into consideration represented by studying the effect of reparation longitudinal tensile reinforcement by steel sections, effect of repeated loads, different types of composite steel sections, and influence of increased the shear span to depth ratio (a/d) more than one on the composite dapped end region. The study focused on determining the first cracking load, ultimate strength (Pu), deflection at service and ultimate load, failure mode, load-deflection behavior, ductility ratios, and crack pattern at failure load. The results presented that using the composite I-section instead of normal section in dapped end beams developed the shear capacity for dapped end region and enhanced the first crack appearances about 33.33, and 39.42 % for shear span to depth ratio 1.0, and 1.5 respectively

Método de inyección de flujo sensible a base de neocuproina para la determinación de ácido mefenámico en soluciones acuosas y formulaciones farmacéuticas

This study is a part of the PhD thesis of Ali Naser Nayef.Introduction: A novel and precise approach is presented for the mefenamic acid (MEF) estimation in pharmaceutical formulations and aqueous solutions, utilizing flow injection spectrophotometry. Similarly, this method demonstrates a high level of sensitivity and accuracy. Method: The suggested method is based on the reducing of Cu(II)-2,9DMP complex to coloured Cu(I)- 2,9DMP complex ,by two step of reaction. However, in the first step the reaction is occur between neocuproine and Cu(ΙΙ) to form colorless complex of Cu(II)-2,9DMP, then in second step mefenamic acid reduced the formed colorless complex to Cu(I)- 2,9DMP with yellow orange colour, Flow Injection Method were developed and validated. Results: The measurement of the optical density of the yellow-orange substances was conducted at a wavelength of 454 nm. The calibration graphs exhibit linearity within the specified concentration ranges of 1.00-80.00 μg/mL. The detection limit (LOD) is determined to be 0.360 μg/ mL, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) is found to be 1.093 μg/ mL. Conclusions: the proposed methodology exhibited notable attributes such as rapidity, sensitivity, and reliability, rendering it suitable for the accurate quantification of (MEF) in pharmaceutical formulations and aqueous solutions in various commercially available formulations.Introducción:Se presenta un enfoque novedoso y preciso para la estimación del ácido mefenámico (MEF) en formulaciones farmacéuticas y soluciones acuosas, utilizando espectrofotometría de inyección de flujo. Del mismo modo, este método demuestra un alto nivel de sensibilidad y precisión Método: Se basa en la reducción del complejo Cu (II)-2,9DMP a complejo Cu (I)-2,9DMP coloreado, mediante dos pasos de reacción. Sin embargo, en el primer paso se produce la reacción entre la neocuproína y el Cu (ΙΙ) para formar un complejo incoloro de Cu (II) -2,9DMP, y en el segundo paso el ácido mefenámico redujo el complejo incoloro formado a Cu (I) - 2,9DMP con color amarillo anaranjado, se desarrolló y validó el método de inyección de flujo. Resultados: La medición de la densidad óptica de las sustancias amarillo-naranja se realizó a una longitud de onda de 454 nm. Los gráficos de calibración muestran linealidad dentro de los rangos de concentración especificados de 1,00-80,00 μg / ml. El límite de detección (LOD) se determina en 0,360 μg/ml, mientras que el límite de cuantificación (LOQ) se encuentra en 1.093 μg/ml. Conclusiones: la metodología propuesta exhibió atributos notables como rapidez, sensibilidad y confiabilidad, lo que la hace adecuada para la cuantificación precisa de (MEF) en formulaciones farmacéuticas y soluciones acuosas en diversas formulaciones disponibles comercialmente.This study is a part of the PhD thesis of Ali Naser Nayef

Método de inyección de flujo sensible a base de neocuproina para la determinación de ácido mefenámico en soluciones acuosas y formulaciones farmacéuticas

Introduction: A novel and precise approach is presented for the mefenamic acid (MEF) estimation in pharmaceutical formulations and aqueous solutions, utilizing flow injection spectrophotometry. Similarly, this method demonstrates a high level of sensitivity and accuracy. Method: The suggested method is based on the reducing of Cu(II)-2,9DMP complex to coloured Cu(I)- 2,9DMP complex ,by two step of reaction. However, in the first step the reaction is occur between neocuproine and Cu(ΙΙ) to form colorless complex of Cu(II)-2,9DMP, then in second step mefenamic acid reduced the formed colorless complex to Cu(I)- 2,9DMP with yellow orange colour, Flow Injection Method were developed and validated. Results: The measurement of the optical density of the yellow-orange substances was conducted at a wavelength of 454 nm. The calibration graphs exhibit linearity within the specified concentration ranges of 1.00-80.00 µg/mL. The detection limit (LOD) is determined to be 0.360 µg/ mL, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) is found to be 1.093 µg/ mL. Conclusions: the proposed methodology exhibited notable attributes such as rapidity, sensitivity, and reliability, rendering it suitable for the accurate quantification of (MEF) in pharmaceutical formulations and aqueous solutions in various commercially available formulations.Introducción:Se presenta un enfoque novedoso y preciso para la estimación del ácido mefenámico (MEF) en formulaciones farmacéuticas y soluciones acuosas, utilizando espectrofotometría de inyección de flujo. Del mismo modo, este método demuestra un alto nivel de sensibilidad y precisión Método: Se basa en la reducción del complejo Cu (II)-2,9DMP a complejo Cu (I)-2,9DMP coloreado, mediante dos pasos de reacción. Sin embargo, en el primer paso se produce la reacción entre la neocuproína y el Cu (ΙΙ) para formar un complejo incoloro de Cu (II) -2,9DMP, y en el segundo paso el ácido mefenámico redujo el complejo incoloro formado a Cu (I) - 2,9DMP con color amarillo anaranjado, se desarrolló y validó el método de inyección de flujo. Resultados: La medición de la densidad óptica de las sustancias amarillo-naranja se realizó a una longitud de onda de 454 nm. Los gráficos de calibración muestran linealidad dentro de los rangos de concentración especificados de 1,00-80,00 μg / ml. El límite de detección (LOD) se determina en 0,360 μg/ml, mientras que el límite de cuantificación (LOQ) se encuentra en 1.093 μg/ml. Conclusiones: la metodología propuesta exhibió atributos notables como rapidez, sensibilidad y confiabilidad, lo que la hace adecuada para la cuantificación precisa de (MEF) en formulaciones farmacéuticas y soluciones acuosas en diversas formulaciones disponibles comercialmente