Double Action p-n Junction Fabrication and Investigation for Solar cell and LED Application

Today, energy is fundamental agenda of the world. For electricity energy generation, price analysis factor is most crucial as cost of energy generation is increasing day by day throughout the world. This research describes some studies on low cost device with double action p-n junction. Thin films of ITO, n-type ZnS and Zn doped GaAs (1:2) are deposited on glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. Spectroscopic Ellipsometer is used for optical measurements of extracts. Under illumination (AM 1.5), device acts as solar cell with PCE of 2.4%. By applying reverse bias voltage radiative recombination also takes place in active region (Eg= 2.2ev) and device act as green color LED (with low band width) in wavelength range of 520-523nm. However, it is possible to improve emission capability and band width, by decreasing non-radiative recombination.

Comparative Study Of Tribological Properties Of Thermal Barrier Coatings On Mild Steel And Stainless Steel Substrates

Thermal barrier coatings are used for insulation of hot components. The thermal barrier maintains the metal temperature of a coated component at moderate temperature levels during operation. These coatings prevent the material from severe creep damage and oxidation. Therefore this gives better coating integrity for a reliable assessment of coating life. In the present work, NiAl bond coats with yttria partially stabilized zirconia top coat are studied on two different substrates (Mild steel and stainless steel) using air plasma system with 9 MB gun. Tribological and wear behavior of coatings was assessed at different temperatures to check which substrate gives better wear resistance. MS/ SS is more wear resistant when used as substrate

Follicular thyroid carcinoma presenting as solitary skull metastasis: Report of two cases

We report two otherwise healthy patients with no prior history of thyroid cancer, who presented to us with a solitary scalp lump. Neuroimaging of both patients showed osteolytic lesions involving the cranium which were subjected to complete excision biopsy and cranioplasty. Histopathological examination revealed metastases from well differentiated follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Subsequent workup confirmed occult primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in both patients

Molecular estimation of alteration in intestinal microbial composition in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients

The gut microbiota has a crucial effect on human health and physiology. Hypothyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder manifested with environmental and genetic factors. However, it is hypothesized that intestinal microbes might play a vital role in the pathogenesis of HT. The aim of current was to investigate and characterize the gut microbial composition of HT patients both quantitatively and qualitatively. The fecal samples from 29 HT patients and 12 healthy individuals were collected. The PCR-DGGE targeted V3 site of 16S rRNA gene and real time PCR for Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus, Bacteroides vulgatus and Clostridium leptum were performed. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene with V4 location was performed on 20 randomly selected samples. The comparative analysis of diversity and richness indices revealed diversification of gut microbiota in HT as compared to control. The statistical data elucidate the alterations in phyla of HT patients which was also affirmed at the family level. We observed the declined abundance of Prevotella_9 and Dialister, while elevated genera of the diseased group included Escherichia-Shigella and Parasutterella. The alteration in gut microbial configuration was also monitored at the species level, which showed an increased abundance of E. coli in HT. Therefore, the current study is in agreement with the hypothesis that HT patients have intestinal microbial dysbiosis. The taxa statistics at species-level along with each gut microbial community were modified in HT. Thus, the current study may offer the new insights into the treatment of HT patients, disease pathway, and mechanism

Friction and Wear Assessment of Yttria Stabilised Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings Produced by Plasma Spraying Method

Wear and friction behaviour of yttria stabilised zirconia coatings are very sensitive to the structure of the material and test parameters such as temperature, applied load, sliding speed, and environment. The present study describes the friction, and sliding wear behaviours of plasma sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia coating (ZrO2-8wt.%Y2O3 (YSZ) deposited on a stainless steel substrate with NiAl bond coat. Tribological properties of the coating were assessed under lubrication condition at loads of 4N and 8N. The frictional behaviour of coating was assessed at a constant temperature of 50°C, while wear characteristics of the coating were investigated at 50°C and 100°C. The experimental results of this study showed a slight decrease in frictional coefficient with increasing load. However, the coating wear rate was slightly increased with increasing load and temperature. The coating wear mainly involved materials transferred from the counter body and pulling-out from the coating material

Improved Binary Similarity Measures for Software Modularization

Various binary similarity measures have been employed in clustering approaches to make homogeneous groups of similar entities in the data. These similarity measures are mostly based only on the presence and absence of features. Binary similarity measures have also been explored with different clustering approaches (e.g., agglomerative hierarchical clustering) for software modularization to make the software systems understandable and manageable. Each similarity measure has its own strengths and weaknesses that result in improving and deteriorating the clustering results, respectively. This paper highlights the strengths of some well-known existing binary similarity measures for software modularization. Furthermore, based on these existing similarity measures, this paper introduces the improved new binary similarity measures. Proofs of the correctness with illustration and a series of experiments are presented to evaluate the effectiveness of our new binary similarity measures

Design and implementation of an efficient FIR digital filter

<p>Digital signal processing (DSP) circuits are extremely important in computing and communications areas. One application of DSP is a Finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The principle objective of this exploration is to present a methodology for an upgraded framework of a FIR digital filter from software level to the hardware level. It includes the selection of design method, structure and cost effective hardware utilization. Theoretical and experimental results performed FIR band pass filter suggests that the window design method is relatively simple and easy to use because of the availability of well-defined equation. Comparison presented that Kaiser window gives the minimum main-lobe width and a sharp cut-off which means this window has less transition width and the study showed that the Direct-Form structure approach is simpler and offers a better performance than other common filter structures. It results in low cost, reduced area and more robust to withstand the quantization errors. For efficient hardware realization, the paper investigates the impacts of quantization on frequency response by progressively diminishing the quantity of bits in every coefficient using an iterative algorithm to a level where its frequency response matches to the novel requirements. Experimental study of coefficient quantization uncovers a connection between the quantity of bits, number of coefficients and the frequency response that consequence in reduced area and better speed. The synthesis results show that the discussed technique can substantial help in lessening the equipment assets. Computer aided design (CAD) tools are used to implement the design by adopting the behavioural level design method.</p