Valoración sociocultural de servicios ecosistémicos a nivel local

The sociocultural valuation of ecosystem services (ES) is an approach that explores the perception that different stakeholders have about ES, therefore, it allows establishing the existing relationships of belonging and appropriation between communities and their territory. This research describes how the ES provided by the Pueblillo village -Popayán, (Cauca, Colombia) are identified and valued by social organizations, Pueblillo residents, institutional actors and academia. Non-probabilistic techniques, Purposive sampling and snowball were used for data collection. Additionally, structured and semi-structured questionnaires were designed and face-to-face interviews were conducted. There was not significant difference between the types of ES identified by the stakeholders, however, the provisioning service was mostly identified (50.1%), followed by the regulation service (28.5%) and the cultural service (28.5%). %). Stakeholders identified 15 subcategories of provisioning services, 11 subcategories of regulation services, and 9 subcategories of cultural services. It was evidenced that the actors with high dependence on the ES, give greater importance to the provisioning services, while the actors with high influence on the ES, give it to the regulators. The actors of the village of Pueblillo do not perceive the high potential offered by cultural ecosystem services for the dynamization of social innovation strategies that contribute to local development from the cultural use of the territory, so it is necessary to implement a process of environmental economic valuation and training in peasant multifunctional management models, cultural and adventure tourism.La valoración sociocultural de los Servicios Ecosistémicos (SE) es un abordaje que explora la percepción que diferentes actores interesados tienen sobre los SE, por lo tanto, permite establecer las relaciones de pertenencia y apropiación existentes entre las comunidades y su territorio. Esta investigación describe cómo los SE que brinda la vereda Pueblillo -Popayán, (Cauca, Colombia) son identificados y valorados por organizaciones sociales, residentes de Pueblillo, actores institucionales y academia. Para la recolección de datos se implementaron técnicas no probabilísticas, muestreo intencional y bola de nieve. Adicionalmente, se diseñaron cuestionarios estructurados, semiestructurados y se realizaron entrevistas cara a cara. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los tipos de SE identificados por los actores interesados, sin embargo, el servicio de aprovisionamiento fue mayormente identificado (50,1%), seguido por el servicio de regulación (28.5%) y el servicio cultural (28,5%). Los actores interesados identificaron quince subcategorías de servicios de aprovisionamiento, once subcategorías de servicios de regulación y nueve subcategorías de servicios culturales. Se evidenció que los actores con alta dependencia de los SE, dan mayor importancia a los servicios de aprovisionamiento mientras que los actores con alta influencia sobre los SE, se la dan a los de regulación. Por su parte, los actores de la vereda Pueblillo no perciben el alto potencial que ofrecen los servicios ecosistémicos culturales para la dinamización de estrategias de innovación social que aporten al desarrollo local desde el aprovechamiento cultural del territorio, por lo que se requiere implementar un proceso de valoración económica ambiental y de capacitación en modelos de gestión campesina multifuncional, turismo cultural y de aventura

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Turbo, Pereira, Quibdó y Supia

Colombia ha sido azotada por la violencia desde hace muchos años, las situaciones políticas y económicas han empobrecido, creado muerte, desplazamiento, se vulnera los derechos y desculturización, las víctimas del conflicto se ven afectadas de forma psicológica, económica y cultural y es por eso que es importante escuchar, visibilizar y reconocer la historia para ayudar en los procesos de reparación y reconstrucción de vida, colocando la resiliencia como parte fundamental en dicho proceso. La metodología narrativa utiliza un enfoque conceptual que, si se aplica en la psicología, esta contribuye en mejorar la salud mental, a restaura los derechos y a reconocer quienes son las víctimas, desde la subjetividad de los contextos violentos contadas en relatos, donde su propósito es realizar acciones psicosociales transformadoras de la sociedad. La narrativa es una herramienta psicosocial que permite conocer las percepciones de las personas frente a un acto de violencia como los dos casos que vamos a abordar, Relato 1 Modesto Pacayá y el caso de Peñas Coloradas, su historia enmarca los escenarios de violencia de país Colombia, pero que nos invita a reflexionar del esfuerzo personal, familiar y comunitario que vivieron, rompiendo ciclos de injusticia y dolor. Para comprender mejor los entornos de violencia, se realizó un análisis al relato de Modesto Pacayá, donde nos permite adentrarnos a su historia como víctima desde la falta de oportunidades, los sentimientos de frustración, desvinculación familiar, el desplazamiento forzoso y como victimario cuando toma malas decisiones, que le hacen vivir un infierno, vulneran sus derechos, sin embargo en medio de todo resalta la subjetividad como es dar prioridad a su familia, desea volver a ser libre, toma como estrategia más importante la resiliencia le permite mejorar su condición de vida. De igual forma se realiza un análisis del caso de Peñas Coloradas, comunidad ubicada en Caquetá la cual padeció desculturización, desplazamiento forzoso, estigmatización por el gobierno, donde se pretende ejecutar tres estrategias psicosociales con los integrantes de la comunidad que les permitan afrontar su situación de violencia.Colombia has been plagued by violence for many years, political and economic situations have impoverished, created death, displacement, rights and deculturization are violated, the victims of the conflict are affected psychologically, economically and culturally and that makes it important to listen, make visible and recognize history to help in the processes of repairing and reconstruction of life, and through this placing resilience as a fundamental part of this process. The narrative methodology uses a conceptual approach that, if applied in psychology, contributes to improving mental health, restoring rights and recognizing who the victims are, from the subject of violent contexts told in stories, where its purpose is to carry out psychosocial actions that transform society. The narrative is a psychosocial tool that allows us to know the perceptions of people in the face of an act of violence such as the two cases that we are going to address, Relato 1 Modesto Pacayá and the case of Peñas Coloradas, its history frames the scenarios of violence in the country Colombia, that invites us to reflect on personal effort, family and community who lived this, breaking cycles of injustice and pain. To better understand the environments of violence, an analysis was made of the story of Modesto Pacayá, where it allows us to dive into his history as a victim from the lack of opportunities, feelings of frustration, family disengagement, forced displacement and as a victimizer when he makes these bad decisions, which make him live a hell, violate his rights, however in the midst of everything highlights the subject as it is to give priority to his family, he wants to be free again, he takes as his most important strategy resilience allows him to improve his living condition. Similarly, an analysis of the case of Peñas Coloradas, a community located in Caquetá which suffered deculturization, forced displacement, stigmatization by the government, is carried out, where it is intended to execute three psychosocial strategies with the members of the community that allow them to face their situation of violence

Interleukin 6 (rs1800795) gene polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are group of complex and multifactorial pathologies, in which interleukin-6 (IL- 6) gene polymorphisms have been associated with several components of the CVD. Thus, in this study, we thoroughly reviewed and meta-analyzed evidence on the association between the IL-6 (rs1800795) gene polymorphism and CVD. We systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases. The analyses were performed using five study groups based on (1) a combined pool of the overall populations, (2) the country of birth, (3) the continent of birth, (4) the diagnosis and (5) both location (country or continent) and diagnosis. The analysis included the allelic, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant and recessive models. The meta-analysisshowed that -174G>C (rs1800795) is a risk factor for CVD (allelic: OR=1.06, CI 95%=1.02-1.10. Z p value C (rs1800795) polymorphism have an increase in the risk of coronary artery disease under the hereditary models assessed in the study. Using robust data, we found that IL-6 (rs1800795) -174G>C gene polymorphism is associated with CVD risk

Ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes

Anxiety and depression, two very common symptoms present in adolescence, a situation that generates multiple academic, affective and behavioral delays. Migration, family dysfunction, premature pregnancies, eating disorders, family conflicts, lack of social skills, infatuations, etc., are determining factors that mark the adolescent's personality. These effects cause constant pictures of depressives, sadness, low self-esteem, alarming symptoms that trigger a decisive school failure. This research aimed to control anxiety and depression in adolescents of a Tax Educational Unit in the city of Riobamba, who completed the ninth year of Basic Education, aged between 13 and 14, these adolescents are children of single mothers, from dysfunctional households, have experienced emotional problems, discrimination and abuse. by applying a psychopedagic guide to relaxation workshops, body scheme and creativity. Research tools such as the questionnaire, survey and psychopedagic guidance were used to show before and after, improving academic performance and personal and affective relationships in and out of the classroom. Through the application of these workshops it was possible to get students to relax easily, predisposition to work, motivation, high self-esteem, able to control their emotions and use their body scheme, as a tool of cognitive interaction, observing noticeably change of behaviors, habits and better academic performance.Ansiedad y depresión, dos síntomas muy comunes presentes en la adolescencia, situación que genera múltiples retrasos académicos, afectivos y conductuales. La migración, disfunción familiar, embarazos prematuros, desórdenes alimenticios, conflictos familiares, falta de habilidades sociales, enamoramientos, etc., son factores determinantes que marcan la personalidad del adolescente. Estos efectos provocan constantes cuadros de depresivos, tristeza, baja autoestima, síntomas alarmantes que se desencadenan en un fracaso escolar decisivo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo controlar la ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes de una Unidad Educativa Fiscal de la ciudad de Riobamba, que cursaron el noveno año de Educación Básica, edad comprendida entre 13 y 14, dichos adolescentes son hijos de madres solteras, de hogares disfuncionales, han atravesado problemas emocionales, discriminación y maltrato. mediante la aplicación de una guía psicopedagógica de talleres de relajación, esquema corporal y creatividad. Se utilizó instrumentos de investigación como el cuestionario, la encuesta y guía psicopedagógica que permitió   evidenciar un antes y un después, mejorando el desempeño académico y las relaciones personales y afectivas dentro y fuera del aula. Mediante la aplicación de estos talleres se pudo lograr que los estudiantes se relajen con facilidad, predisposición al trabajo, motivación, autoestima elevada, capaces de controlar sus emociones y utilizar su esquema corporal, como una herramienta de interacción cognoscitiva, observándose notoriamente cambio de conductas, hábitos y mejor desempeño académico

No association between COMT val158met polymorphism and suicidal behavior: meta-analysis and new data

Abstract Background The polymorphism COMTval158met has been associated with suicidal behavior in case-control and meta-analysis studies, but results and conclusions remain controversial. The objective of this study was to examine the association between COMT val158met with suicidal behavior in a case-control study and to assess the combined evidence -this case-control study and available data from other related studies- we carried out a meta-analysis. Methods We conducted a case-control study with 105 patients with suicide attempts and 236 controls. Subsequently, we performed a meta-analysis of published genetic association studies by searching through Medline, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Results No significant differences were found in the distribution of alleles (χ2 = 0.33, 1 df, p = 0.56) or genotypes (χ2 = 2.36, 2 df, p = 0.26). The meta-analysis comprising 12 association studies (including the present one) showed that the risk COMTmet allele of COMTval158/met is not associated with suicidal behavior (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.97-1.23), even in the absence of heterogeneity (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.97-1.23). Conclusion Our results showed no association between COMTval158/met and suicidal behavior. However, more studies are necessary to determine conclusively an association between COMT and suicidal behavior.</p

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Mexican Adolescents with a Diagnosis of Eating Disorders Its Relationship with the Body Mass Index

The prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among patients with eating disorders (ED) is higher than the general population. Individuals diagnosed with eating disorders have changes in their body mass index which could promote severe metabolic disruptions. This study aimed (1) to report the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among a Mexican adolescent sample diagnosed with eating disorders, (2) to compare our results with the prevalence of psychiatric disorders reported from a national survey of mental health of adolescents, (3) to compare the presence of psychiatric comorbidities between ED diagnoses, and (4) to explore the relationship of these comorbidities with the body mass index. In the study, we included 187 Mexican adolescents diagnosed with eating disorders. The psychiatric comorbidities were evaluated using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children/adolescents, and a revised questionnaire on eating and weight patterns. We found that 89% of the Mexican adolescents diagnosed with ED had another psychiatric comorbidity. Major depressive disorder (52.40%) and suicide risk (40%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. Attention and deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence was different between ED diagnosis, and adolescents with binge-eating disorder and ADHD had the higher body mass index. Our results showed that in this sample of Mexican adolescents, the presence of comorbidities could impact body mass index. This emphasizes the importance that clinicians take into consideration the presence of psychiatric comorbidities to achieve an integrative treatment for adolescents diagnosed with ED