Self-stabilizing cache placements in Manets

In ad-hoc networks mobile nodes communicate with each other using other nodes in the network as routers. Each node acts as a router, forwarding data packets for other nodes. There are many dynamic routing protocols to find routes between the communicating nodes. The bandwidth and power are limited in MANETs. Although routing is important in MANETs, the final task of MANETs is Data accessing. So, there is need to implement new techniques apart from routing for data access to save bandwidth and power. If some of the nodes in MANET is provided some of the services from internet Service Provider, then the other nodes also want to access these services. Then, there is a need for caching these services to reduce bandwidth and power; Caching the internet based services in MANETs is an important technique to reduce bandwidth, energy consumption and latency. If some of the nodes store the object data and code and acts as a cache proxies, then nodes near the cache proxies can get the requested data from the cache proxy rather than from a far away server node saving bandwidth and access latency; In this thesis research, we design a distributed self-stabilizing algorithm to place the caches in MANETs. If a node requests the service, it will search for the service and if that service is located in a node that is at a distance greater than D, then the requested node caches the data. In our algorithm, nodes that cache the same data will be at a distance greater than D. We also describe an algorithm to have the shortest path from the source of the data object to all the nodes that cache the same data in the network. This path is used to update the DATA that is cached in the nodes. We propose the algorithm for a single service or DATA. We can implement this algorithm in parallel for all the services available in the MANET; A self-stabilizing system has the ability to automatically recover to normal behavior in case of transient faults without a centralized control. The proposed algorithm does not require any initialization, that is, starting from an arbitrary state, it is guaranteed to satisfy its specification in finite steps. The protocol can handle various types of faults

Investor sentiment as a factor in an APT model: an international perspective using the FEARS index

A thesis submitted to the School of Economic and Business Sciences, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce (M.Com) in Finance, Johannesburg June 2017Traditional finance theory surrounding the risk-return relationship is underpinned by the CAPM which posits that a single risk factor, specifically market risk, is priced into asset returns. Even though it is a popular asset pricing model, the CAPM has been widely criticised due to its unrealistic assumptions and the APT was developed to address the CAPM’s weaknesses. The APT framework allows for a multitude of risk factors to be priced into asset returns; implying that it can be used to model returns using either macroeconomic or microeconomic factors. As such, the APT allows for non-traditional factors, such as investor sentiment, to be included. A macroeconomic APT framework was developed for nine countries using the variables outlined by Chen, Roll, and Ross (1986) and investor sentiment was measured by the FEARS index (Da, Engelberg, & Gao, 2015). Regression testing was used to determine whether FEARS is a statistically significant explanatory variable in the APT model for each country. The results show that investor sentiment is a statistically significant explanatory variable for market returns in five out of the nine countries examined. These results add to the existing APT literature as they show that investor sentiment has a significant explanatory role in explaining asset prices and their associated returns. The international nature of this study allows it to be extended by considering the role that volatility spill-over or the contagion effect would have on each model.XL201

PROCESS OF EXTRACTING HIGH QUALITY PROTEINS FROM CEREAL GRANS AND THER BYPRODUCTS USING ACDIC MEDIUMAND A REDUCINGAGENT

The present invention is directed to a method for processing a plant-based protein source, the method comprising an acidic extracting solution comprising a reducing agent is useful for extracting and isolating proteins from plant-based protein SOUCS

An investigation into how two Natural Science teachers in the Khomas region mediate learning of the topic of atoms and molecules in Grade 7 : a case study

The teaching of abstract concepts requires higher cognitive thinking skills and thus presents a challenge for most subjects in the curriculum, in particular, science subjects. Teachers often complain that they struggle to develop higher cognitive skills in learners in such topics. As a result, learners fail to understand science concepts and then complain that science is boring and hence lose interest in the subject. The main reason for this study was to investigate how Grade 7 Natural Science teachers mediate the learning of abstract topics, in particular, atoms and molecules which are regarded as the building blocks in chemistry. This study further sought to develop a teaching unit of work on atoms, molecules and the Periodic Table in partnership with the participating teachers, in order to help improve teaching and learning of the topic. The study is located within an interpretive paradigm. Within this paradigm, a qualitative case study approach was adopted whereby two Grade 7 Natural Science teachers in the Khomas Region were the research participants. This approach enabled me to seek for answers beyond the obvious classroom experiences by using document analysis, semi-structured interviews and classroom observation (which were video-taped and transcribed). The theoretical frameworks underpinning this study focused on mediation of learning and social constructivism as expounded by Vygotsky, in conjunction with Shulman’s pedagogical content knowledge. Hence, emphasis was placed on the teaching strategies used by teachers, such as elicitation of prior knowledge during the lessons, language used, interaction of learners and ways how teachers deal with the challenges faced by them in the mediation of learning. An inductive analysis to discover patterns and themes was applied during the data analysis process. The themes were further turned into analytical statements to interpret the data. The validation process was achieved by using a variety of data gathering techniques. I watched the videotaped lessons with the observed teachers and I made use of member checking in the form of stimulated recall interviews and transcripts of the interviews. Thus, a summary of discussions were given back to the respondents to verify their responses and check for any misinterpretations. Different chapters of my study were given to colleagues to read through as a means of the validation process. Herein lies the importance of a critical friend in qualitative research. The findings of the study revealed that concepts of high cognitive demand should not be oversimplified when introduced to learners, as learners might find it difficult to define and conceptualise concepts as they do not have proper insights into the concepts. The findings further illuminated that teachers should develop a strong subject content knowledge as well as pedagogical content knowledge to have the best strategies in place to mediate learning of this topic. The study concludes, with Phase 2, that the exposure of and cooperation between teachers plays an indispensable role in their professional development. Essentially, this enables teachers to make use of different teaching styles as they scaffold learners in the process of making sense of, in particular, abstract science concepts. Finally, this study recommends that teachers need to engage in on-going professional development opportunities and be equipped with suitable learning support and other necessary physical resources, as a way of motivation and to be in a position to deal with all the many challenges they have to face during the mediation of learning

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Agroindustri Nugget Lele Dalam Mendukung Badan Usaha Milik Desa Di Kabupaten Pamekasan

Kabupaten Pamekasan merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang ada di Madura Jawa Timur. Kabupaten Pamekasan memiliki potensi ikan lele yang cukup besar dilihat dari permintaan ikan lele setiap tahunnya. Terdapat salah satu BUMDES di Kabupaten Pamekasan yang mengolah ikan lele segar menjadi olahan makanan ikan lele yaitu nugget lele. BUMDES tersebut bernama Sami Sae yang terletak di Desa Waru Barat Kecamatan Waru, Kabupaten Pamekasan. Permasalahan dari BUMDES ini adalah kesulitan dalam pendanaan dan alat proses produksi yang kurang mendukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor internal dan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi pengembangan usaha agroindustri untuk mendukung BUMDES di Kabupaten Pamekasan dengan pendekatan SWOT dan Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 4 responden, yaitu 1 sebagai pengelola BUMDES Sami Sae, 1 tenaga kerja BUMDES Sami Sae, 1 dari DISPERINDAG, dan 1 dari DPMD. Berdasarkan analisis SWOT yang telah dilakukan didapatkan faktor internal yang berpengaruh dari faktor kekuatan adalah kualitas produk baik dengan nilai 0,440, dari faktor kelemahan adalah keterampilan serta pengetahuan tenaga ppkerja yang masih rendah dengan nilai 0,160. Faktor eksternal yang berpengaruh pada peluang adalah merek yang mudah dikenali konsumen dengan nilai 0,556, dari faktor ancaman yang berpengaruh adalah fluktuasi daya beli dengan nilai 0,187. Hasil perhitungan SWOT didapatkan nilai IFE sebesar 3,154 dan nilai EFE sebesar 3,421, dengan nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa BUMDES Sami Sae berada pada sel kesatu, dimana strategi yang dapat digunakan adalah tumbuh dan bina dengan penetrasi pasar, pegembangan pasar, dan pengembangan produk. Setelah vii didapatkan nilai matriks SWOT dilanjutkan dengan matriks QSPM untuk mengetahui prioritas strategi dengan nilai TAS (Total Attractive Score) tertinggi. Nilai TAS pada prioritas ke satu adalah membuat perbaikan kemasan dengan nilai 6,520, prioritas kedua adalah menjaga serta mempertahankan kualitas produk dengan nilai 6,480, dan ketiga adalah perluasan pangsa pasar dengan nilai 6,449

Cascade transformations of (±)-citronellal to menthol over extruded Ru-MCM-41 catalysts in a continuous reactor

Cascade transformations of (±)-citronellal in a continuous mode were investigated over a bifunctional shaped ruthenium catalyst bearing metal clusters of the size 7–13 nm. Four types of Ru/H-MCM-41 extrudates (1.5 × 10 mm) containing 30% of Bindzil-50/80 colloidal silica binder were prepared varying in metal location and metal-to-acid ratio, while the concentration of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and textural properties of the final extrudates were comparable. Catalytic tests were performed in the trickle-bed reactor under 70 °C, 10 bar of H2, and the initial reactant concentration in cyclohexane 0.086 mol L−1 for the liquid residence time of 12.5 min. As a reactant, isopulegol, citronellol or (±)-citronellal was used. Metal location in extrudates has a significant effect on the catalytic activity and selectivity especially in terms of isopulegol isomers which content correlated with the metal-to-acid site ratio. Stereoselectivity to the desired (±)-menthol was 68–70%. The highest amount of the desired menthol, 32% yield, was obtained over extrudates where Ru was deposited on the catalytic support, i.e. with the shortest distance between the acid and metal sites, the lowest Brønsted acidity, the lowest Brønsted–Lewis acid sites ratio, the highest specific surface area and the narrowest range of the Ru particle size distribution.</p

Effect of mat uniformity on formaldehyde and methanol release during hot-pressing

"July 2001."Submitted to Holzforschung

METHOD FOR MAKINGNATURAL CELLULOSC FIBER BUNDLES FROM CELLULOSIC SOURCES

A method for extracting such natural cellulosic fiber bundles from natural cellulose sources selected from the group con sisting of cornhusk, cornstalk, Switchgrass leaves, Switch grass stems, rice Straw, Sorghum leaves, Sorghum stems, soy bean Straw, wheat Straw, cotton stems, barley Straw, and combinations thereof, the method comprising performing an alkali treatment to partially delignify the cellulose source material and an enzyme treatment to depolymerize hemicel lulose, break covalent links between lignin and carbohy drates, and decompose cellulose chains in the natural cellu losic source material, or a combination thereof thereby yielding extracted natural cellulosic fiber bundles having a length that is greater than that of individual cells and a fineness of at least about 1 denier and no greater than about 300 denier