Landscape ecology and wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) habitat modeling in the Mediterranean region

Ecología del paisaje y modelización del hábitat del conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en la región mediterránea La modificación del paisaje es una de las razones de la disminución de las poblaciones de conejo. El objetivo de este estudio era la modelización del hábitat del conejo, usando la ecología del paisaje para crear un método de diagnóstico capaz de evaluar la calidad del hábitat a gran escala. Se observó la presencia/ausencia de conejos en 536 parcelas de 1 ha. Los recuentos nocturnos mediante transectos indicaron una abundancia relativa baja (IKA = 2,3 conejos/km). Por otra parte se realizó, mediante teledetección, una cartografía de uso del suelo con precisión métrica. Se identificaron el agua, el suelo desnudo, las plantas herbáceas, arbustos y los árboles. Se evaluaron la estructura del paisaje y su diversidad utilizando las variables disponibles en FRAGSTATS. Para evaluar la relación entre la presencia/ausencia del conejo y la estructura del paisaje se utilizó una regresión logística. Nuestros resultados indican que un hábitat adecuado tiene una gran diversidad, un número medio de parcelas y una pequeña proporción de arbustos. Estos resultados podrían ser utilizados para diagnosticar el paisaje antes de cualquier acción de gestión enfocada a aumentar las poblaciones de conejo, y a la inversa, ser un instrumento de control integrado en los casos de invasiones locales que causan daños a la agricultura.Ecología del paisaje y modelización del hábitat del conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en la región mediterránea La modificación del paisaje es una de las razones de la disminución de las poblaciones de conejo. El objetivo de este estudio era la modelización del hábitat del conejo, usando la ecología del paisaje para crear un método de diagnóstico capaz de evaluar la calidad del hábitat a gran escala. Se observó la presencia/ausencia de conejos en 536 parcelas de 1 ha. Los recuentos nocturnos mediante transectos indicaron una abundancia relativa baja (IKA = 2,3 conejos/km). Por otra parte se realizó, mediante teledetección, una cartografía de uso del suelo con precisión métrica. Se identificaron el agua, el suelo desnudo, las plantas herbáceas, arbustos y los árboles. Se evaluaron la estructura del paisaje y su diversidad utilizando las variables disponibles en FRAGSTATS. Para evaluar la relación entre la presencia/ausencia del conejo y la estructura del paisaje se utilizó una regresión logística. Nuestros resultados indican que un hábitat adecuado tiene una gran diversidad, un número medio de parcelas y una pequeña proporción de arbustos. Estos resultados podrían ser utilizados para diagnosticar el paisaje antes de cualquier acción de gestión enfocada a aumentar las poblaciones de conejo, y a la inversa, ser un instrumento de control integrado en los casos de invasiones locales que causan daños a la agricultura.Landscape modification is one of the reasons for the decrease in rabbit populations. The objective of this study was to model wild rabbit habitat using landscape ecology to create a diagnosis method able to assess habitat quality at a large scale. Rabbit presence/absence was recorded on 536 plots of 1 ha. Spotlight transect counts indicated a low relative abundance (KIA = 2.3 rabbits/km). We produced a land use map with metric precision using remote sensing. Water, bare soil, herbaceous, shrubs and trees were identified. Landscape structure and diversity were evaluated using variables available in FRAGSTATS. A logistic regression was performed to assess the link between rabbit presence/absence and landscape structure. Our results indicate that a suitable habitat has a high diversity, a medium number of patches and a small proportion of shrubs. These results could be used to diagnose the landscape prior to any management action to enhance rabbit populations and conversely be helpful as a tool of integrated control in the cases of local outbreaks with agricultural damages

Écologie du paysage et modélisation de l'habitat du lapin de garenne (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en région méditerranéenne

International audienceLandscape ecology and wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) habitat modeling in the Mediterranean region.-Landscape modification is one of the reasons for the decrease in rabbit populations. The objective of this study was to model wild rabbit habitat using landscape ecology to create a diagnosis method able to assess habitat quality at a large scale. Rabbit presence/absence was recorded on 536 plots of 1 ha. Spotlight transect counts indicated a low relative abundance (KIA = 2.3 rabbits/km). We produced a land use map with metric precision using remote sensing. Water, bare soil, herbaceous, shrubs and trees were identified. Landscape structure and diversity were evaluated using variables available in FRAGSTATS. A logistic regression was performed to assess the link between rabbit presence/absence and landscape structure. Our results indicate that a suitable habitat has a high diversity, a medium number of patches and a small proportion of shrubs. These results could be used to diagnose the landscape prior to any management action to enhance rabbit populations and conversely be helpful as a tool of integrated control in the cases of local outbreaks with agricultural damages

XII 11; Conditional acceptance: 12 III 12; Final acceptance: 25 IV 12) Landscape ecology and wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) habitat modeling in the Mediterranean region

. Landscape ecology and wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) habitat modeling in the Mediterranean region. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation,. Abstract Landscape ecology and wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) habitat modeling in the Mediterranean region.-Landscape modification is one of the reasons for the decrease in rabbit populations. The objective of this study was to model wild rabbit habitat using landscape ecology to create a diagnosis method able to assess habitat quality at a large scale. Rabbit presence/absence was recorded on 536 plots of 1 ha. Spotlight transect counts indicated a low relative abundance (KIA = 2.3 rabbits/km). We produced a land use map with metric precision using remote sensing. Water, bare soil, herbaceous, shrubs and trees were identified. Landscape structure and diversity were evaluated using variables available in FRAGSTATS. A logistic regression was performed to assess the link between rabbit presence/absence and landscape structure. Our results indicate that a suitable habitat has a high diversity, a medium number of patches and a small proportion of shrubs. These results could be used to diagnose the landscape prior to any management action to enhance rabbit populations and conversely be helpful as a tool of integrated control in the cases of local outbreaks with agricultural damages. Key words: Wild rabbit, Habitat modeling, Landscape pattern, Remote sensing, Mediterranean region. Resumen Ecología del paisaje y modelización del hábitat del conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en la región mediterránea.-La modificación del paisaje es una de las razones de la disminución de las poblaciones de conejo. El objetivo de este estudio era la modelización del hábitat del conejo, usando la ecología del paisaje para crear un método de diagnóstico capaz de evaluar la calidad del hábitat a gran escala. Se observó la presencia/ausencia de conejos en 536 parcelas de 1 ha. Los recuentos nocturnos mediante transectos indicaron una abundancia relativa baja (IKA = 2,3 conejos/km). Por otra parte se realizó, mediante teledetección, una cartografía de uso del suelo con precisión métrica. Se identificaron el agua, el suelo desnudo, las plantas herbáceas, arbustos y los árboles. Se evaluaron la estructura del paisaje y su diversidad utilizando las variables disponibles en FRAGSTATS. Para evaluar la relación entre la presencia/ausencia del conejo y la estructura del paisaje se utilizó una regresión logística. Nuestros resultados indican que un hábitat adecuado tiene una gran diversidad, un número medio de parcelas y una pequeña proporción de arbustos. Estos resultados podrían ser utilizados para diagnosticar el paisaje antes de cualquier acción de gestión enfocada a aumentar las poblaciones de conejo, y a la inversa, ser un instrumento de control integrado en los casos de invasiones locales que causan daños a la agricultura. Palabras clave: Conejo, Modelización del hábitat, Estructura del paisaje, Teledetección, Región mediterránea

Intégration Technologique et Nouvelles Perspectives d'Usage : Actes du 8ème Colloque Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication pour l'Enseignement

http://gdac.uqam.ca/tice2012/ActesTICE2012-Final.pdfInternational audienceDans la continuité des colloques TICE organisés tous les 2 ans depuis 1998 (ou depuis 14 ans) sous le patronage de l'Université Numérique Ingénierie et Technologie (UNIT), l'édition 2012 est organisé conjointement par L'Université Claude Bernard de Lyon ET l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint Etienne. Cette huitième occurrence du colloque TICE est donc l'occasion de rassembler à Lyon, du 11 au 13 décembre 2012, la communauté scientifique et industrielle autour du thème "Nouvelles pédagogies et nouvelles technologies"

5,6-Dihydro-2H-pyranones and 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyridones and their derivatives modulate in vitro human T lymphocyte function

International audienc

Effect of Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Macrosomic Offspring of Diabetic Rats

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of dietary n-3 PUFA on oxidant/antioxidant status, in vitro very low and low density lipoprotein (VLDL-LDL), and VLDL-LDL-fatty acid composition in macrosomic pups of diabetic mothers. We hypothesized that n-3 PUFA would improve oxidative stress in macrosomia. Diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats fed with the ISIO diet (control) or with the EPAX diet (enriched in n-3 PUFAs), by streptozotocin. The macrosomic pups were killed at birth (day 0) and at adulthood (day 90). Lipid parameters and VLDL-LDL-fatty acid composition were investigated. The oxidant/antioxidant status was determined by measuring plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), hydroperoxides, carbonyl proteins, and VLDL-LDL oxidation. Macrosomic rats of ISIO fed diabetic mothers showed an increase in plasma and VLDL-LDL-triglycerides and VLDL-LDL-cholesterol levels and altered VLDL-LDL-fatty acid composition. Plasma ORAC was low with high hydroperoxide and carbonyl protein levels. The in vitro oxidizability of VLDL-LDL was enhanced in these macrosomic rats. The EPAX diet corrected lipid parameters and improved oxidant/antioxidant status but increased VLDL-LDL susceptibility to oxidation. Macrosomia is associated with lipid abnormalities and oxidative stress. n-3 PUFA exerts favorable effects on lipid metabolism and on the oxidant/antioxidant status of macrosomic rats. However, there are no evident effects on VLDL-LDL oxidation

High pancreatic n-3 fatty acids prevent STZ-induced diabetes in fat-1 mice: inflammatory pathway inhibition

NoBecause of confounding factors, the effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on type 1 diabetes remain to be clarified. We therefore evaluated whether fat-1 transgenic mice, a well-controlled experimental model endogenously synthesizing n-3 PUFA, were protected against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. We then aimed to elucidate the in vivo response at the pancreatic level. Beta-Cell destruction was produced by multiple low-doses STZ (MLD-STZ). Blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, and plasma lipid analysis were then performed. Pancreatic mRNA expression of cytokines, the monocyte chemoattractant protein, and GLUT2 were evaluated as well as pancreas nuclear factor (NF)-kB p65 and inhibitor of kB (IkB) protein expression. Insulin and cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining and lipidomic analysis were performed in the pancreas. STZ-induced fat-1 mice did not develop hyperglycemia compared with wild-type mice, and Beta-cell destruction was prevented as evidenced by lack of histological pancreatic damage or reduced insulin level. The prevention of Beta-cell destruction was associated with no proinflammatory cytokine induction (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1Beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase) in the pancreas, a decreased NF-kB, and increased IkB pancreatic protein expression. In the fat-1-treated mice, proinflammatory arachidonic-derived mediators as prostaglandin E2 and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid were decreased and the anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 was detected. Moreover, the 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, precursor of the anti-inflammatory resolvin E1, was highly increased. Collectively, these findings indicate that fat-1 mice were protected against MLD-STZ-induced diabetes and pointed out for the first time in vivo the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA at the pancreatic level, on each step of the development of the pathology-inflammation, Beta-cell damage-through cytokine response and lipid mediator production