Relasi antara Prinsip Visual Barat dan Fengshui pada Desain Logo

Nowadays, the integrations between Western principles of visual art with principles of Feng Shui in logo designs can easily be found in Indonesia. Principles of Feng Shui, often called as Feng Sui or Hong Sui, is an ancient Chinese way of thinking that emphasize in environment organization. Principles of Feng Shui's four key points are to produce a positive Qi energy, to maintain stability among Yin and Yang, to produce a productive cycle Wu Xing (Five Elements), and to represent the symbolism from Chinese culture. The purpose of this research is to establish an understanding on the relationship between Western principles of visual art and principles of Feng Shui in logo designs, like the similarities on the way of reading logo as well as the differences. Logo designs were analyzed, described, and explained using Western principles of visual art and principles of Feng Shui's four key points into three sections, which are visual elements, logo composition, and logo interpretation. This research used the qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The data were collected through several methods, such as interviews and literature reviews. The four stages of analysis procedure are description, formal analysis, interpretation, and evaluation or judgement. Upon completion, there are three findings. First, the way of reading a logo design using the Western principles of visual art is simpler and straightforward than the principles of Feng Shui. Second, several relationships among the two principles were found in visual elements, logo composition, and logo interpretation. Third, the integrations between Western principles of visual art with principles of Feng Shui in a logo design represents its ideologies as well as the 'shield' to protect the company from any harm

Antigen-specific immunotherapy for treatment of autoimmune liver diseases

The liver is a critical organ in controlling immune tolerance. In particular, it is now clear that targeting antigens for presentation by antigen presenting cells in the liver can induce immune tolerance to either autoantigens from the liver itself or tissues outside of the liver. Here we review immune mechanisms active within the liver that contribute both to the control of infectious diseases and tolerance to self-antigens. Despite its extraordinary capacity for tolerance induction, the liver remains a target organ for autoimmune diseases. In this review, we compare and contrast known autoimmune diseases of the liver. Currently patients tend to receive strong immunosuppressive treatments and, in many cases, these treatments are associated with deleterious side effects, including a significantly higher risk of infection and associated health complications. We propose that, in future, antigen-specific immunotherapies are adopted for treatment of liver autoimmune diseases in order to avoid such adverse effects. We describe various therapeutic approaches that either are in or close to the clinic, highlight their mechanism of action and assess their suitability for treatment of autoimmune liver diseases

How is Social Care Provided in Adult Prisons in England and Wales?

There is variation in provision of social care in prisons. Our research aimed to understand variation across adult prisons in England and Wales, including: (1) what social care is provided? (2) who delivers social care? (3) what peer support initiatives are used? (4) what social care indicators are relevant? and (5) are there differences between prison type and social care provision? We analysed Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) reports (published 2017–2020) from 102 prisons. From these reports we extracted and analysed data on social care provision. Elements of social care are not consistently delivered; need assessments (81.4 per cent) and referrals (75.5 per cent) were most frequently reported. Different providers (health care/social care/prison) deliver social care. Forty-one prisons (40.2 per cent) included peer support (formal to informal). We found no notable differences between prison categories and social care delivery, although, within category D prisons, a significantly larger proportion of those with a disability reported receiving support they needed. Inspection reports highlighted that prison social care should mirror community social care, but we could not fully evaluate this due to reporting issues. Social care provision varies; effectiveness of different models is not yet known. We provide recommendations to improve social care reporting within HMIP reports

ROCKETSHIP: a flexible and modular software tool for the planning, processing and analysis of dynamic MRI studies

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a promising technique to characterize pathology and evaluate treatment response. However, analysis of DCE-MRI data is complex and benefits from concurrent analysis of multiple kinetic models and parameters. Few software tools are currently available that specifically focuses on DCE-MRI analysis with multiple kinetic models. Here, we developed ROCKETSHIP, an open-source, flexible and modular software for DCE-MRI analysis. ROCKETSHIP incorporates analyses with multiple kinetic models, including data-driven nested model analysis. Results: ROCKETSHIP was implemented using the MATLAB programming language. Robustness of the software to provide reliable fits using multiple kinetic models is demonstrated using simulated data. Simulations also demonstrate the utility of the data-driven nested model analysis. Applicability of ROCKETSHIP for both preclinical and clinical studies is shown using DCE-MRI studies of the human brain and a murine tumor model. Conclusion: A DCE-MRI software suite was implemented and tested using simulations. Its applicability to both preclinical and clinical datasets is shown. ROCKETSHIP was designed to be easily accessible for the beginner, but flexible enough for changes or additions to be made by the advanced user as well. The availability of a flexible analysis tool will aid future studies using DCE-MRI

UV irradiation of skin regulates a murine model of Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: The prevalence of multiple sclerosis follows a latitude gradient, with increased disease at higher latitudes. Previous studies have focused on a vitamin D hypothesis; although recent evidence suggests that exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) itself may be important. In this study, the effects of UVR on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were examined. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were irradiated with a single erythemal dose of UVR (8 kJ/m2), or 4 daily sub-erythemal doses (1 kJ/m2), before sensitisation to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide. The UV irradiation protocols used do not increase 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in serum of vitamin D-sufficient mice. The onset of EAE was recorded and mice were clinically monitored for 40 days. Results: A single dose of erythemal UVR (8 kJ/m2) significantly suppressed EAE onset and severity. Four daily exposures of sub-erythemal UVR (1 kJ/m2) also significantly delayed disease onset but was less effective than the erythemal dose. Conclusion: UV irradiation delayed the onset and reduced the severity of EAE. Continued administration of lower dose UVR following disease onset may be necessary to achieve similar results to a single higher dose delivered pre-sensitisation. Our results give further weight to suggestions that UVR exposure may delay MS onset and progression and UVB phototherapy may provide an option for treatment of MS

Cost and cost-effectiveness analysis of mass drug administration compared to school-based targeted preventive chemotherapy for hookworm control in Dak Lak province, Vietnam

Background: School-based targeted preventive chemotherapy (PC), the main strategy for soil-transmitted helminths (STH) control, excludes other at-risk populations including adults and preschool children. Mass drug administration (MDA), covering all age groups, would bring additional health benefits but also requires greater investment. This cost survey and cost-effectiveness analysis compared MDA with school-based targeted PC for STH control in Dak Lak, Vietnam, where STH are endemic. Methods: A cost survey was conducted in 2020 to estimate the total and per person economic and financial cost of each strategy. Monte Carlo simulation accounted for uncertainty in cost estimates. The primary effectiveness measure was hookworm-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and secondary measures were hookworm infection-years averted and moderate-to-heavy intensity hookworm infection-years averted. A Markov model was used to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of MDA compared to school-based targeted PC using a government payer perspective and a ten-year time horizon. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed. Costs are reported in 2020 USD ($). Findings: The economic cost per person was$0.27 for MDA and $0.43 for school-based targeted PC. MDA in Dak Lak will cost$472,000 per year, while school-based targeted PC will cost $117,000. Over 10 years, MDA is estimated to avert an additional 121,465 DALYs; 4,019,262 hookworm infection-years, and 765,844 moderate-to-heavy intensity hookworm infection-years compared to school-based targeted PC. The ICER was$28.55 per DALY averted; $0.87 per hookworm infection-years averted, and$4.54 per moderate-to-heavy intensity hookworm infection-years averted. MDA was cost-effective in all PSA iterations. Interpretation: In areas where hookworm predominates and adults suffer a significant burden of infection, MDA is cost effective compared to school based targeted PC and is the best strategy to achieve global targets. \</p