331 research outputs found
Preparation and Characterization of Ti(2)O(3) Films Deposited on Sapphire Substrate by Activated Reactive Evaporation Method
(001)-oriented Ti(2)O(3) films were epitaxially grown on a(001)-face of sapphire single-crystalline substrate by an activated reactive evaporation method. The formation ranges of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric Ti(2)O(3) films were determined as a function of the substrate temperature (Ts), the oxygen pressure (Po(2)) and the deposition rate. Stoichiometric Ti(2)O(3) films were grown at Ts≧673K under Po(2)≧1.0×10(-4)Torr, which showed the metal-insulator transition with a sharp change in electrical resistivity from 3.5×10(-2) to 2.6×10(-3)Ωcm at 361K. Nonstoichiometric films prepared under less oxidized conditions did not exhibit the transition. The nonstoichiometry of the Ti(2)O(3)films was discussed in terms of excess Ti ions
Generalized equilibria for color-gradient lattice Boltzmann model based on higher-order Hermite polynomials: A simplified implementation with central moments
We propose generalized equilibria of a three-dimensional color-gradient
lattice Boltzmann model for two-component two-phase flows using higher-order
Hermite polynomials. Although the resulting equilibrium distribution function,
which includes a sixth-order term on the velocity, is computationally
cumbersome, its equilibrium central moments (CMs) are velocity-independent and
have a simplified form. Numerical experiments show that our approach, as in Wen
et al. [{Phys. Rev. E \textbf{100}, 023301 (2019)}] who consider terms up to
third order, improves the Galilean invariance compared to that of the
conventional approach. Dynamic problems can be solved with high accuracy at a
density ratio of 10; however, the accuracy is still limited to a density ratio
of 1000. For lower density ratios, the generalized equilibria benefit from the
CM-based multiple-relaxation-time model, especially at very high Reynolds
numbers, significantly improving the numerical stability.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure
A generalized linear model for decomposing cis-regulatory, parent-of-origin, and maternal effects on allele-specific gene expression
Joint quantification of genetic and epigenetic effects on gene expression is
important for understanding the establishment of complex gene regulation
systems in living organisms. In particular, genomic imprinting and maternal
effects play important roles in the developmental process of mammals and
flowering plants. However, the influence of these effects on gene expression
are difficult to quantify because they act simultaneously with cis-regulatory
mutations. Here we propose a simple method to decompose cis-regulatory (i.e.,
allelic genotype, AG), genomic imprinting (i.e., parent-of-origin, PO), and
maternal (i.e., maternal genotype, MG) effects on allele-specific gene
expression using RNA-seq data obtained from reciprocal crosses. We evaluated
the efficiency of method using a simulated dataset and applied the method to
whole-body Drosophila and mouse trophoblast stem cell (TSC) and liver RNA-seq
data. Consistent with previous studies, we found little evidence of PO and MG
effects in adult Drosophila samples. In contrast, we identified dozens and
hundreds of mouse genes with significant PO and MG effects, respectively.
Interestingly, a similar number of genes with significant PO effect were detect
in mouse TSCs and livers, whereas more genes with significant MG effect were
observed in livers. Further application of this method will clarify how these
three effects influence gene expression levels in different tissues and
developmental stages, and provide novel insight into the evolution of gene
expression regulation.Comment: 27 pages, 3 figures, 2 tabl
Dark Quest. I. Fast and Accurate Emulation of Halo Clustering Statistics and Its Application to Galaxy Clustering
We perform an ensemble of -body simulations with particles for
101 flat CDM cosmological models sampled based on a maximin-distance Sliced
Latin Hypercube Design. By using the halo catalogs extracted at multiple
redshifts in the range of , we develop Dark Emulator, which enables
fast and accurate computations of the halo mass function, halo-matter
cross-correlation, and halo auto-correlation as a function of halo masses,
redshift, separations and cosmological models, based on the Principal Component
Analysis and the Gaussian Process Regression for the large-dimensional input
and output data vector. We assess the performance of the emulator using a
validation set of -body simulations that are not used in training the
emulator. We show that, for typical halos hosting CMASS galaxies in the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey, the emulator predicts the halo-matter cross correlation,
relevant for galaxy-galaxy weak lensing, with an accuracy better than and
the halo auto-correlation, relevant for galaxy clustering correlation, with an
accuracy better than . We give several demonstrations of the emulator. It
can be used to study properties of halo mass density profiles such as the
mass-concentration relation and splashback radius for different cosmologies.
The emulator outputs can be combined with an analytical prescription of
halo-galaxy connection such as the halo occupation distribution at the equation
level, instead of using the mock catalogs, to make accurate predictions of
galaxy clustering statistics such as the galaxy-galaxy weak lensing and the
projected correlation function for any model within the CDM cosmologies, in
a few CPU seconds.Comment: 46 pages, 47 figures; version accepted for publication in Ap
Simulations of Wide-Field Weak Lensing Surveys I: Basic Statistics and Non-Gaussian Effects
We study the lensing convergence power spectrum and its covariance for a
standard LCDM cosmology. We run 400 cosmological N-body simulations and use the
outputs to perform a total of 1000 independent ray-tracing simulations. We
compare the simulation results with analytic model predictions. The
semi-analytic model based on Smith et al.(2003) fitting formula underestimates
the convergence power by ~30% at arc-minute angular scales. For the convergence
power spectrum covariance, the halo model reproduces the simulation results
remarkably well over a wide range of angular scales and source redshifts. The
dominant contribution at small angular scales comes from the sample variance
due to the number fluctuations of halos in a finite survey volume. The
signal-to-noise ratio for the convergence power spectrum is degraded by the
non-Gaussian covariances by up to a factor 5 for a weak lensing survey to z_s
~1. The probability distribution of the convergence power spectrum estimators,
among the realizations, is well approximated by a chi-square distribution with
broadened variance given by the non-Gaussian covariance, but has a larger
positive tail. The skewness and kurtosis have non-negligible values especially
for a shallow survey. We argue that a prior knowledge on the full distribution
may be needed to obtain an unbiased estimate on the ensemble averaged band
power at each angular scale from a finite volume survey.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journal. Corrected typo in the equation of survey window function below
Equation (18). The results unchange
Pyoderma gangrenosum after breast cancer resection: A less-invasive and early treatment using the skin around ulcers
Surgical invasion is a risk factor of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). A total of 25% of postoperative PG cases were reported to occur after breast surgeries, including bilateral breast reduction and breast reconstruction following cancer resection. Immunosuppressive therapy and less-invasive wound therapy are necessary; however, the complete healing of ulcers takes 5.1 months on average. We herein report a case of skin grafting under a surgical concept of less-invasive and short-term treatment. An 82-year-old woman complained of a high fever and severe pain at her breast wounds after bilateral breast cancer resection. Although we performed emergency debridement surgery to remove the necrotic tissue, suspecting surgical site infection and inflammation, her high fever persisted. She was diagnosed with PG because of the physical findings of characteristic painful, sterile ulcerations, bullae and pustules, and the pathological abundance of neutrophils in the absence of infection and vasculitis. Oral administration of prednisolone 30 mg/day improved the symptoms, and we applied negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) from day 16 following debridement surgery. After the gradual reduction of oral steroid intake to 12.5 mg/day, we performed skin grafting surgery. To limit the surgical invasion, we used the surplus skin around the ulcers. Split-thickness mesh skin grafts were fixed by NPWT to avoid the use of tie-over sutures. We achieved short-term treatment of PG with a less-invasive surgical strategy using skin around the ulcers and NPWT
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