Spartan Bipartite Graphs Are Essentially Elementary

We study a two-player game on a graph between an attacker and a defender. To begin with, the defender places guards on a subset of vertices. In each move, the attacker attacks an edge. The defender must move at least one guard across the attacked edge to defend the attack. The defender wins if and only if the defender can defend an infinite sequence of attacks. The smallest number of guards with which the defender has a winning strategy is called the eternal vertex cover number of a graph G and is denoted by evc(G). It is clear that evc(G) is at least mvc(G), the size of a minimum vertex cover of G. We say that G is Spartan if evc(G) = mvc(G). The characterization of Spartan graphs has been largely open. In the setting of bipartite graphs on 2n vertices where every edge belongs to a perfect matching, an easy strategy is to have n guards that always move along perfect matchings in response to attacks. We show that these are essentially the only Spartan bipartite graphs

Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis Type IIa – A case report

Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a rare syndrome characterized by capillary vascular malformation and pigmentary nevus but with a wide variability in clinical presentation. A case of a 9-month-old patient is reported, who presented with capillary malformation and hemihypertrophy. These features typically are seen in Klippel–Trenaunay (KT) syndrome, a syndromic type of congenital vascular malformation. However, in addition, this child had large persistent Mongolian spots, the presence of which allowed us to classify this case as PPV, type II. This is a condition with a clinical course not always benign as KT syndrome

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 Treated with Vitamin C

Complex regional pain syndrome, formerly reflex sympathetic dystrophy or causalgia, is a chronic progressive disease characterized by severe pain, swelling, and changes in the skin. It often affects an arm or a leg and may spread to another part of the body and is associated with dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system resulting in multiple functional loss, impairment, and disability. It occurs mostly in of adolescence. Though treatment is often unsatisfactory, we report a young girl treated satisfactorily with vitamin C

Optimal Design of a Trickle Bed Reactor for Light Fuel Oxidative Desulfurization based on Experiments and Modelling

YesIn this work, the performance of oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in light gas oil (LGO) is evaluated with a homemade manganese oxide (MnO2/γ-Al2O3) catalyst. The catalyst is prepared by Incipient Wetness Impregnation (IWI) method with air under moderate operating conditions. The effect of different reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, liquid hour space velocity and initial concentration of DBT are also investigated experimentally. Developing a detailed and a validated trickle bed reactor (TBR) process model that can be employed for design and optimization of the ODS process, it is important to develop kinetic models for the relevant reactions with high accuracy. Best kinetic model for the ODS process taking into account hydrodynamic factors (mainly, catalyst effectiveness factor, catalyst wetting efficiency and internal diffusion) and the physical properties affecting the oxidation process is developed utilizing data from pilot plant experiments. An optimization technique based upon the minimization of the sum of the squared error between the experimental and predicted composition of oxidation process is used to determine the best parameters of the kinetic models. The predicted product conversion showed very good agreement with the experimental data for a wide range of the operating condition with absolute average errors less than 5%

Science and Engineering – A Seamless Merger?

14-19Today’s research in science becomes the engineering of tomorrow.</span

Is The Tiger Burning Bright?

14-19Science and technology are giving renewed hope for restoring and rehabilitating tigers in their natural homes

Decoding the Enigma Called Light

14-21The UN has proclaimed 2015 as the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies.</i

Education Beyond Marks and Degrees

37-40There is a need to relook at our current education system to identify the causes of its deterioration and the possible remedies