The Demonic and the Seductive in Religious Nationalism : Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and the Rites of Exorcism in Secularizing South Asia

The relationship between religion and nationalism is explored in this paper which takes Vinayak Damodar Savarkar as its core focus of analysis. Given the incomplete process of nation-building in the case of India and the intrinsic challenge of how to cultivate a nationalism when the sense of a nation and nationality is lacking, Nandy discusses Savarkar’s idea of Hindutva and the use of religion as a vehicle of nation-building. This, despite Savarkar’s being a non-believer. Nandy explores parallels with Muhammad Ali Jinnah, whose project of nation and state-building is also seen in terms of political categories that were drawn from the Western experience and ideal of the Westphalian state. Exploring the love-hate relationship with Savarkar that is prevalent in contemporary India, Nandy probes the concerted attempt to demonise Savarkar and asks whether this is yet another means by which a young nation seeks to exorcise its past

Motoren bag indisk nationalisme

Ashis Nandy om indisk nationalisme.&nbsp

Generation of single skyrmions by picosecond magnetic field pulses

We numerically demonstrate an ultrafast method to create $\textit{single}$ skyrmions in a $\textit{collinear}$ ferromagnetic sample by applying a picosecond (effective) magnetic field pulse in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. For small samples the applied magnetic field pulse could be either spatially uniform or nonuniform while for large samples a nonuniform and localized field is more effective. We examine the phase diagram of pulse width and amplitude for the nucleation. Our finding could ultimately be used to design future skyrmion-based devices.Comment: 4.5 pages+Supplemental Materia

Switching of chiral magnetic skyrmions by picosecond magnetic field pulses via transient topological states

Magnetic chiral skyrmions are vortex like spin structures that appear as stable or meta-stable states in magnetic materials due to the interplay between the symmetric and antisymmetric exchange interactions, applied magnetic field and/or uniaxial anisotropy. Their small size and internal stability make them prospective objects for data storage but for this, the controlled switching between skyrmion states of opposite polarity and topological charge is essential. Here we present a study of magnetic skyrmion switching by an applied magnetic field pulse based on a discrete model of classical spins and atomistic spin dynamics. We found a finite range of coupling parameters corresponding to the coexistence of two degenerate isolated skyrmions characterized by mutually inverted spin structures with opposite polarity and topological charge. We demonstrate how for a wide range of material parameters a short inclined magnetic field pulse can initiate the reliable switching between these states at GHz rates. Detailed analysis of the switching mechanism revealed the complex path of the system accompanied with the excitation of a chiral-achiral meron pair and the formation of an achiral skyrmion

Second-order topological superconductor via noncollinear magnetic texture

We put forth a theoretical framework for engineering a two-dimensional (2D) second-order topological superconductor (SOTSC) by utilizing a heterostructure: incorporating noncollinear magnetic textures between an s-wave superconductor and a 2D quantum spin Hall insulator. It stabilizes the higher order topological superconducting phase, resulting in Majorana corner modes (MCMs) at four corners of a 2D domain. The calculated non-zero quadrupole moment characterizes the bulk topology. Subsequently, through a unitary transformation, an effective low-energy Hamiltonian reveals the effects of magnetic textures, resulting in an effective in-plane Zeeman field and spin-orbit coupling. This approach provides a qualitative depiction of the topological phase, substantiated by numerical validation within exact real-space model. Analytically calculated effective pairings in the bulk illuminate the microscopic behavior of the SOTSC. The comprehension of MCM emergence is aided by a low-energy edge theory, which is attributed to the interplay between effective pairings of (px + py )-type and (px + ipy )-type. Our extensive study paves the way for practically attaining the SOTSC phase by integrating noncollinear magnetic textures

Role of Berry phase theory for describing orbital magnetism: From magnetic heterostructures to topological orbital ferromagnets

We address the importance of the modern theory of orbital magnetization for spintronics. Based on an all-electron first-principles approach, we demonstrate that the predictive power of the routinely employed "atom-centered" approximation is limited to materials like elemental bulk ferromagnets, while the application of the modern theory of orbital magnetization is crucial in chemically or structurally inhomogeneous systems such as magnetic thin films, and materials exhibiting non-trivial topology in reciprocal and real space,~e.g.,~Chern insulators or non-collinear systems. We find that the modern theory is particularly crucial for describing magnetism in a class of materials that we suggest here $-$ topological orbital ferromagnets.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure