Vibration monitoring of a gear grinding process

Gear grinding is a process used to improve the surface finish of machined gears to increase their lifespan and decrease noise during their operation. Large scale gear grinding produces finished gears at a competitive cost but tool wear plays an important factor in the final quality. The objective of this research is to identify how process parameters during the gear grinding process vary and determine if they can predict the noise associated with gears in final assembly. Specifically, this research records the vibrations on the grinding wheel and decomposes them using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The vibration patterns at the grinding wheel mesh frequency are studied using two design variables that characterize the tool, a) grinding wheel diameter (d) and b) location along the grinding wheel width (y). These variables correspond to geometrical positions on the tool over its lifetime. This was followed by measuring parts machined at sections of the grinding wheel (varying y values) that recorded the highest and lowest vibrations to evaluate if the vibrations influenced the surface finish of the gears. Finally the gears are installed in gearboxes and tested for noise made due to running gears to evaluate if there was a difference in noise based on the gear geometries and the machining location on the tool Analyzing vibration data for 2868 parts machined using a full tool, the results of an ANOVA and two sample t-tests showed a statistical difference between the vibrations recorded at different sections of the grinding wheel. Vibrations at y4 are higher than the vibrations at y34 by 3.035 mg while vibrations at y4 are higher than the vibrations at y3 by 2.12 mg. Analyzing the geometrical data for 313 gears over four y locations, the results show that the surface roughness of left gear profiles machined at y4 is greater than left gear profiles machined at y34 by 0.458 microns. The roughness of left gear profiles machined at y4 is greater than the left gear profiles machined at y3 by 0.167 microns. Additionally, the roughness of right profiles machined at y4 were lesser than those machined at y34 by 0.175 microns. Finally, 294 gears were tested in gearboxes and the statistical results show that gears machined at y4 were louder than gears machined at y34 by 1.088 dB while there was no statistical difference in noise made by gears machined at y4 and y3. The future scope of this work will be to perform similar studies on different processes and determine if limits can be set to identify when rougher parts are machined and removed from serial production. This may also be achieved by taking samples from production failures and use them as a knowledge base to determine if quality can be determined by on-line monitoring systems

Legume Logic & Green Manuring

Brown plant hopper showed me the way into organic farming. In 2001, I started my practice with logic of legumes just to cut down the 45 percent expenses of my paddy on fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. Later as I realized each and every plant carries it’s own nutrients, medicinal values and characters. Plants like millets, oil seeds, spices, di-cots, monocots and weeds all being used as a green manure. For all my agriculture problems and crop demands, I look for the answers only through green manures and found almost. Past from 15 years, I still grow in 15 acres with over 45 percent less inputs, 20-25 quintals of paddy yield per acre and my profit has grown 10 times in last 10 years

An overview of Literary Research with reference to Manuscriptology

Research is a part and parcel of today’s medical field. Evidence-based medicine is the key to global acceptance. With the advent of new diseases and incurability through contemporary medicine, the world is looking at the traditional system with optimism. Proper documentation and preparation of standard protocol are the key factors in carrying out any research. Health professionals have a special interest in clinical research when compared to basic research. But, the present situation has demanded health professionals to focus on basic research to throw light on the hidden principles of Ayurveda. Apart from the available literature, there are many unpublished manuscripts in Ayurveda. It is the need of the hour to publish and bring out such manuscripts to the public domain to benefit the general public through the medical fraternity. An overview of manuscriptology is given in this work covering the basic information such as the need, pre-requisites, scribal error, editing, storage, repair and reproduction. More the manuscripts getting published better will be the understanding of Ayurveda, in accordance to changing times

Chemotherapy induced nausea & vomiting (CINV)

Chemotherapy is the first line treatment in management of many cancers, both for cure and palliation; hence it’s crucial to minimize the unpleasant side effects of chemotherapy to increase tolerability to chemotherapy. Most of the conventional anti cancer drugs are emetogenic. Patients receiving chemotherapy experience different degrees of nausea and vomiting depending on the emetogenic potential of the anti cancer drugs given and the patient characteristics. With a better understanding of the pathophysiology, distinct phases of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) i.e., acute emesis, delayed emesis and anticipatory emesis have been identified. Identification of various mediators has led to the development of different drugs acting through different mechanisms which are useful in the prevention and treatment of CINV. Serotonin receptor three (5-HT3) antagonists, corticosteroids and neurokinin type one receptor (NK-1) antagonists are of proven usefulness and have wide therapeutic indexes in the prevention of CINV. Other drugs like dopamine receptor antagonists & benzodiazepines are not routinely used because of their narrow therapeutic index. Practice guidelines for prevention of CINV will not only improve patient’s tolerability to chemotherapy & wellbeing, but also decrease hospital stay and overall cost of treatment of the patient

Treatment and prognostic assessment of acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of clonal malignant myeloid neoplasms. Malignant transformation of hematopoietic progenitor cell leads to clonal expansion and replacement of normal bone marrow cells with malignant cells leading to suppression of normal haematopoiesis. Advancements in our understanding of disease biology have allowed AML to be classified based on its gene expression profile, which includes previously identified cytogenetic subgroups, and distinct novel subgroups which have prognostic significance. Identification of mutations in DNMT3A and IDH 1 genes in cytogenetically normal AML (by gene sequencing) helps to identify patients with poor prognosis. Redesigning the treatment regimen consisting of cytarabine and daunorubicin has improved the treatment outcomes without increase in the treatment-related mortality. Increasing the dose of daunorubicin to 90 mg/m2 improves complete remission rates without increasing treatment-related complications both in young and elderly patients. Cytarabine (200 mg/m2 in cycle I and 2 g/m2 in cycle 2) is shown to be as effective as high dose cytarabine (1000 mg/m2 twice daily in cycle 1and 2 g/m2 twice daily in cycle 2) and is associated with less treatment-related toxicities

The Dual Neighborhood Number of a Graph

A set S ⊆ V (G) is a neighborhood set of a graph G = (V,E), if G = v∈SN[v]�, where N[v]� is the sub graph of a graph G induced by v and all vertices adjacent to v. The dual neighborhood number η+2(G) = Min. {|S1|+ |S2| : S1, S2 are two disjoint neighborhood set of G}. In this paper, we extended the concept of neighborhood number to dual neighborhood number and its relationship with other neighborhood related parameters are explored.

Mechanical Design and Fabrication of Rotating Test Stand for Supersonic Wind Tunnel

This research project focuses on the design and manufacturing of a rotating test stand for the Cal Poly Supersonic Wind Tunnel (SSWT). In order to establish essential design parameters, the project employs compressible flow isentropic relationships to calculate the Mach number within the test section and determine static pressures. This comprehensive effort integrates preliminary design and manufacturing processes, utilizing CAD designs and a range of machinery for component fabrication, while also highlighting initial testing of the rotating test stand\u27s ability to withstand predicted aerodynamic loads. As part of the research\u27s future work, rigorous structural stability testing and the implementation of flow visualization techniques, such as shadowgraph imaging, are planned to validate the design and optimize aerodynamic performance. The project aims to not only advance our understanding of aerodynamics but also offer valuable educational opportunities for undergraduate students