Pharmacy-Based Public Health Initiatives

Both the general population\u27s and pharmacists\u27 behavior will need to change in order for pharmacists to become more involved in public health. Numerous studies have demonstrated the significance of attitudes and beliefs as drivers of behavior. In order to determine the most effective ways to support and enhance this service, this review attempts to investigate the attitudes and beliefs that consumers and pharmacists have toward pharmaceutical public health. A major element of many public health programs (PHPs) is the use of medications. The ability of medicines to cure and prevent illness is not the sole reason they are significant. The public\u27s trust in the availability of safe and effective medications as well as the policies assuring their responsible use is inextricably related to their faith in the healthcare system. Nonetheless, the majority of public health initiatives in underdeveloped nations pay little to no attention to the pharmacy services component. The last fifteen years have seen a transformation in pharmacy practice that has increased public health access. A variety of public health services are increasingly offered by community pharmacists, showing potential gains in health outcomes and access. The observed changes in practice draw our attention to systemic problems that still require our collective attention. In order to maximize the impact on public health from this system shift, we must prioritize the pharmacy-public health collaboration and develop cooperative policy and research agendas as we fortify our intersectoral public health system

Ageratum conyzoides L. and Its Secondary Metabolites in the Management of Different Fungal Pathogens

Ageratum conyzoides L. (Family—Asteraceae) is an annual aromatic invasive herb, mainly distributed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It owns a reputed history of indigenous remedial uses, including as a wound dressing, an antimicrobial, and mouthwash as well as in treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, skin diseases, etc. In this review, the core idea is to present the antifungal potential of the selected medicinal plant and its secondary metabolites against different fungal pathogens. Additionally, toxicological studies (safety profile) conducted on the amazing plant A. conyzoides L. are discussed for the possible clinical development of this medicinal herb. Articles available from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed in detail to exhibit recent appraisals of the antifungal properties of A. conyzoides. Efforts were aimed at delivering evidences for the medicinal application of A. conyzoides by using globally recognized scientific search engines and databases so that an efficient approach for filling the lacunae in the research and development of antifungal drugs can be adopted. After analyzing the literature, it can be reported that the selected medicinal plant effectively suppressed the growth of numerous fungal species, such as Aspergillus, Alternaria, Candida, Fusarium, Phytophthora, and Pythium, owing to the presence of various secondary metabolites, particularly chromenes, terpenoids, flavonoids and coumarins. The possible mechanism of action of different secondary metabolites of the plant against fungal pathogens is also discussed briefly. However, it was found that only a few studies have been performed to demonstrate the plant’s dosage and safety profile in humans. Considered all together, A. conyzoides extract and its constituents may act as a promising biosource for the development of effective antifungal formulations for clinical use. However, in order to establish safety and efficacy, additional scientific research is required to explore chronic toxicological effects of ageratum, to determine the probability of interactions when used with different herbs, and to identify safe dosage. The particulars presented here not only bridge this gap but also furnish future research strategies for the investigators in microbiology, ethno-pharmacology, and drug discoveryS

Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study

18% of the world's population lives in India, and many states of India have populations similar to those of large countries. Action to effectively improve population health in India requires availability of reliable and comprehensive state-level estimates of disease burden and risk factors over time. Such comprehensive estimates have not been available so far for all major diseases and risk factors. Thus, we aimed to estimate the disease burden and risk factors in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016

Digitally Enhanced Wireless Transceivers for Multi-mode Reconfigurable Radios

Digitally enhanced wireless transceivers are gaining prominence due to their promise of greater integration, flexibility to adapt to varying SNR conditions, performance, and area benefit that comes with CMOS feature size reduction. This thesis discusses the benefits of going digital in a system that has until now been dominated by analog or discrete-time signal processing. Digitally assisted radio transceiver architectures that incorporate a wide range of tuning parameters to control the RF carrier, signal bandwidth, and baseband modulation schemes are presented. These architectures rely on high-speed A/D and D/A conversion close to the antenna in order to maximize the extent of digital signal processing in the radio chain. We examine specific challenges that such a system faces in the context of minimizing noise, maximizing signal bandwidths, and enabling efficient filtering and sample rate conversion. The thesis also presents prototype architectures for a radio receiver and transmitter that employ a range of signal processing techniques to enable high-throughput, power-efficient systems

Clinicopathological study of acute myeloid leukemia in a tertiary care hospital

Background- The diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia is based on peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination. Immunophenotyping characteristics and cytogenetics have clinical relevance besides morphological features in these cases. Present study aims at clinicohematological evaluation of cases of acute myeloid leukemia diagnosed at hematology unit of our tertiary care hospital. Objectives –Present study aimed to diagnose and classify cases of acute myeloid leukemia with clinicohematological correlation. Material and methods- newly diagnosed cases of acute myeloid leukemia within a period of 1 year from May 2020 to May 2021 were included in this cross sectional and prospective study. In addition to hematological work up, flow cytometry, cytogenetics and molecular studies were taken into consideration for clinicohematological evaluation.Result- The study included 14 cases of acute myeloid leukemia which were classified as per FAB classification as AML M1- 7 cases, M3 – 3 cases and M4 and M5 – 2 cases each

In vitro clonal propagation of Acacia mangium Willd. and its evaluation of genetic stability through RAPD marker

An in vitro propagation of a tropical leguminous tree, Acacia mangium, has been established. Induction of bud sprout was obtained from mature nodal explants of 10-years-old tree of Acacia mangium on Murashige and Skoog (MS) [10] basal medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1.0 mg/L), gibberellic acid (GA3) 1.0 mg/L and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) 0.05 mg/L. The rate of multiplication was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L BAP, 0.05 mg/L IAA and 100 mg/L adenine sulfate (Ads). The multiplication rate varied from 1 to 8 depending on the growth regulators used. Excised shoots were rooted on half-strength MS basal salts supplemented with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 20 g/L (w/v) sucrose after 13–14 days of culture. The micropropagated plantlets have been acclimatized and successfully transferred to soil. The micropropagated plantlets appeared morphologically similar to the mother plant. No variation was detected among the micropropagated plants by the use of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers.Propagation de clones in vitro d’Acacia mangium Willd., et évaluation de leur stabilité génétique avec un marquage RADP. On a réalisé la propagation in vitro d’un arbre, Acacia mangium, de la famille des légumineuses. L’induction de bourgeons débourrés a été obtenue à partir d’explants de bois aoûté prélevés sur des arbres âgés de 10 ans, cultivés dans le milieu de base de Murashige et Skoog (MS) auquel on a ajouté de la benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1,0 mg/L), de l’acide gibbérelique (GA3) (1,0 mg/L) et de l’acide indol-3 acétique (IAA) (0,05 mg/L). Pour la phase multiplication on a utilisé le milieu MS avec addition de 1,5 mg/L de BAP, 0,05 mg/L d’IAA et 150 mg/L de sulfate d’adénine (Ads). Le taux de multiplication a varié de 1 à 8 selon les régulateurs de croissance utilisés. L’enracinement des pousses a été obtenu avec le milieu MS dilué de moitié, additionné de 0,5 mg/L d’acide indol butyrique (IBA) ou d’acide indol-3 acétique (IAA) et de 20 g/L de (w/v) saccharose après 13 à 14 jours de culture. Les plantules issues de cette micropropagation ont été acclimatées et transférées avec succès sur le terrain. Elles étaient apparemment similaires à la plante mère sur le plan morphologique. Aucune variabilité n’a pu être détectée entre plantules par l’utilisation de marqueurs DNA (RAPD)

Integrated Approach to Human Resource Forecasting: An Exercise in Agricultural Sector

This paper has described methodological framework for human resource forecasting in agriculture, especially for transforming human resource needs to educational requirements. It has provided a detailed description of methodological adaptations applied to human resource assessment in Indian agriculture. It has offered a mixed method with a brief revisit to classical Parnes manpower requirements approach and its adaptation to Indian agriculture. The method is perhaps suitable to many developing countries, where data needed for applications of more sophisticated forecasting methods adopted in the developed countries have limitations in terms of quality and quantity

Forecasting Agricultural Engineering Manpower Requirement in India

The growth of agricultural engineering human capital in India is critical to growth and development in agriculture and its allied sectors. A comprehensive assessment of demand-supply scenario for agricultural engineering human capital in India was thus attempted. Mixed forecasting approaches were used to estimate current stock and future demand. The forecasts were made under various growth conditions. The annual demand was computed by integrating independent stock projections in different sub-sectors of employment. During 2001-2010, the annual supply of agricultural engineering graduates in India increased from about 630 to 1500 at an annual compound growth rate of 10 percent. The requirement would be for about 3500 graduates by 2020. The demand for PG/Ph.D is much higher than for UGs. In addition, there is growing need and demand for about 3,000 diploma holders against none at present. With growth in mechanisation and diversification in food processing sectors, there is a need for more agri-engineering professionals and para-professionals in the country. The forecast estimates required outturn growth of 5% in UG, 10% in PG and 20% in Ph.D level education