3,534 research outputs found
Non-Market Valuation of Open Space and Other Amenities Associated with Retention of Lands in Agricultural Use
The most productive farmland in southcentral Alaska is currently
under intense development pressure due to rapid population increases
and consequential increases in demand for suburban housing. This
study utilizes a contingent valuation iterative bidding game to estimate
the willingness of Matanuska-Susitna Borough residents to pay to
preserve open space and other historical/environmental amenities
associated with farming activities. Determinants of consumer behavior
are addressed as well as total benefits and costs of various posited
development scenarios. This information may be useful to
policymakers assessing actions designed to purchase development
rights from Matanuska-Susitna farmers
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Knowledge Development in Undergraduate Clinical Nursing Education
ABSTRACT
KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY FEBRUARY 2016
NANCY A. CRAIG-WILLIAMS B.S. ELMS COLLEGE, CHICOPEE, MA
M.S. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST
Ph. D. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST
Directed by Genevieve Chandler
ABSTRACT
The changes in the healthcare environment, safety concerns of the practice setting and patient acuity has supported reform and research to identify areas for improvement (IOM, 2001, 2003). The Carnegie Foundationâs Educating Nurses, A Call for Radical Transformation (Benner, P., Sutphen, M., Leonard, V. & Day, L., 2010) explored the state of American nursing education. Among the findings are: patient safety issues, higher patient acuity, the increased complexity of nurseâs work, shortages of nursing faculty and clinical learning sites, the current and predicted shortages of registered nurses, and the chaotic, fragmented hospital work environment. The call to action is to improve patient care through transforming the education of undergraduate nursing students.
This study is a qualitative exploration of how nursing students develop practice knowledge in their undergraduate clinical experience. Clinical practice knowledge development is explored using the epistemological concepts of the discipline of nursing- empirics, aesthetics, ethics and personal knowing as described by Carper (1978), unknowing by Munhall (1984) and sociopolitical knowing as described by White (1995). The study utilized individual interviews exploring the learning processes of developing nursing practice knowledge by undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students from UMASS at Amherst who have had clinical experiences in both a Dedicated Education Unit (DEU) and non-DEU clinical settings.
Change in the education of nurses must be guided by research to support best practices. Clinical education is a crucial aspect of the practice development of student nurses. The development of nursing knowledge comes together in a model of Synergistic Clinical Education, incorporating the identified attributes supporting learning: the student, learning environments and relationships. This study supports the utilization of Dedicated Education Units as a clinical education model providing an optimal learning environment in which the development of nursing knowledge and clinical practice is more likely to happen than in any other clinical experience setting.
Keywords: knowledge development, nursing students, clinical learnin
Assessment of Single-Word Production for Children under Three Years of Age: Comparison of Children with and without Cleft Palate
Background. This study reports comparative phonological assessment results for children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) to typically developing peers using an evaluation tool for early phonological skills. Methods. Children without clefts (NC = noncleft) and 24 children with CLP, ages of 18â36 months, were evaluated using the Profile of Early Expressive Phonological Skills (PEEPSs) [1]. Children interacted with toy manipulatives to elicit a representative sample of target English consonants and syllable structures that are typically acquired by children between 18 and 27 months of age. Results. Results revealed significant differences between the two groups with regard to measures of consonant inventory, place of articulation, manner of production, accuracy, and error patterns. Syllable structure did not indicate differences, with the exception of initial consonant clusters. Conclusions. findings provide support for PEEPS as a viable option for single-word assessment of children with CLP prior to 3 years of age
Fossil Pollen and Insect Evidence for Postglacial Environmental Conditions, Nushagak and Holitna Lowland Regions, Southwest Alaska
This paper discusses the results of pollen and insect analyses of postglacial samples from the Nushagak and Holitna lowlands, southwest Alaska. Although radiocarbon dating control is poor, the samples can be arranged in a relative-age sequence based on stratigraphic occurrence. The fossil pollen data record the regional transition from a late-glacial dry graminoid tundra through the postglacial Birch, Alder, and Spruce zones. The lack of xeric insect species in the early postglacial suggests that the lowlands of southwest Alaska experienced maritime climatic conditions, in contrast to the interior. Rapid climatic warming is subsequently indicated by the fossil insect data, although the arrival of alder in the region postdates 8500 yr BP. There is no evidence for coniferous forest in the Nushagak lowland at any time in the postglacial, although spruce arrived in the Holitna lowland in the mid-postglacial.Key words: pollen analysis, fossil insects, paleoenvironments, postglacial, southwest AlaskaRÉSUMÉ. Cet article traite des résultats d’analyses polliniques et d’insectes d’échantillons postglaciaires venant des basses-terres de Nushagak et d’Holitna, dans le sud-ouest de l’Alaska. Bien que le contrôle de la datation par le radiocarbone soit médiocre, les échantillons peuvent être classés en ordre d’âger elatif, d’après leur occurrence stratigraphique. Les données de pollens fossiles traduisent le passage de la région d’une toundra sèche de graminées datant de la fin de l’époque glaciaire, à des zones postglaciaires de bouleaux, d’aulnes et d’épicéas. L’absence d’espèces d’insectes xérophiles au début du postglaciaire donne à penser que les basses-terres du sud-ouest de l’Alaska ont connu des conditions climatiques maritimes, contrairement à l’intérieur. Les données sur les insectes fossiles permettent donc d’établir qu’il y a eu un réchauffement climatique rapide, bien que l’arrivée de l’aulne dans la région soit postérieure à 8500 ans avant le présent. On n’a pas de preuve de l’existence d’une forêt de coniferes dans la basse-terre de Nushagak à un moment quelconque du postglaciaire, bien que l’épicéa fasse son arrivée dans la basse-terre d’Holitna au milieu du postglaciaire.Mots clés: analyse pollinique, insectes fossiles, paléoenvironnements, postglaciaire, sud-ouest de l’Alask
A Chandrasekhar Mass Progenitor for the Type Ia Supernova Remnant 3C 397 from The Enhanced Abundances of Nickel and Manganese
Despite decades of intense efforts, many fundamental aspects of Type Ia
supernova (SNe Ia) remain elusive. One of the major open questions is whether
the mass of the exploding white dwarf (WD) is close to the Chandrasekhar limit.
Here we report the detection of strong K-shell emission from stable Fe-peak
elements in the Suzaku X-ray spectrum of the Type Ia supernova remnant (SNR) 3C
397. The high Ni/Fe and Mn/Fe mass ratios (0.11-0.24 and 0.018-0.033,
respectively) in the hot plasma component that dominates the K-shell emission
lines indicate a degree of neutronization in the SN ejecta which can only be
achieved by electron captures in the dense cores of exploding WDs with a
near-Chandrasekhar mass. This suggests a single-degenerate origin for 3C 397,
since Chandrasekhar mass progenitors are expected naturally if the WD accretes
mass slowly from a companion. Together with other results supporting the
double-degenerate scenario, our work adds to the mounting evidence that both
progenitor channels make a significant contribution to the SN Ia rate in
star-forming galaxies.Comment: Accepted by ApJL; 6 pages with 4 figures and 1 tabl
Person-centered Outcomes in Culturally and Diverse Contexts: International Application of the ICF
This session is developed by, and presenters invited by, Cultural and Linguistic Considerations Across the Discipline. This session was developed by the Convention Program Committee to increase SLPsâ awareness regarding research and clinical applications of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) across pediatric and adult populations around the world. Discussants provide perspectives from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Jamaica, and the United States
Late Quaternary Marine and Terrestrial Environments, Northwestern Baffin Island, Northwest Territories
Paleoenvironmental data were analyzed from terrestrial, lake, and marine sediments collected near Arctic Bay, Baffin Island, N.W.T. Eighteen new radiocarbon dates provide chronological control, superseding earlier results. Spuriously old dates were obtained from both sandy peats and low-organic lake sediments. The most reliable dates were from marine shells and foraminifera. They indicate that dĂ©glaciation was underway by 9000 BP rather than 16,000 BP. Over the period of the record, the local environment was characterized by a high arctic pollen assemblage dominated by grass, sedge, and willow; a middle Holocene warm period is indicated by increased willow, herb, and moss values. Sea-ice conditions were severe enough to inhibit the growth of diatoms until ca. 6300 BP and ice proximal and deglacial conditions prevailed in the fiords until ca. 6000 BP. Diatom productivity increased between 3000 BP and 2500 BP, suggesting warmer surface waters and less sea ice. After 2000 BP diatom accumulation decreased sharply, due to a cooling of climate. The foraminifera indicate a major change in bottom water conditions ca. 4000 BP as the benthic species shift from a calcareous to an arenaceous assemblage.On a procĂ©dĂ© Ă l'analyse des donnĂ©es palĂ©oenvironnementales tirĂ©es de sĂ©diments terrestres, marins et lacustres, prĂšs de Arctic Bay. Dix-huit nouvelles dates au radiocarbone ont permis d'Ă©tablir une nouvelle chronologie. Les dates les plus anciennes, et les moins fiables, ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus dans des tourbes sableuses et des sĂ©diments lacustres Ă basse teneur organique. Les dates les plus sĂ»res proviennent de coquillages marins et des foraminifĂšres. Elles indiquent que la dĂ©glaciation Ă©tait en cours dĂšs 9000 BP plutĂŽt qu'Ă 16 000 BP. Pendant la pĂ©riode relevĂ©e, l'environnement dans le haut Arctique Ă©tait caractĂ©risĂ© au niveau local par un assemblage pollinique dominĂ© par l'herbe, le carex et le saule; Ă l'HolocĂšne moyen, les valeurs croissantes du saule, de l'herbe et de la mousse reflĂštent une pĂ©riode chaude. La densitĂ© de la glace marine Ă©tait assez forte pour empĂȘcher la croissance des diatomĂ©es jusqu'Ă 6300 BP; la dĂ©glaciation s'est poursuivie jusque vers 6000 BP dans les fjords. La reproduction des diatomĂ©es a augmentĂ© entre 3000 et 2500 BP en raison de tempĂ©ratures de surface plus chaudes et une diminution des glaces marines. AprĂšs 2000 BP, l'accumulation des diatomĂ©es a dĂ©cru abruptement en raison d'un refroidissement climatique. Les foraminifĂšres dĂ©montrent un changement important survenu dans l'Ă©tat des eaux profondes vers 4000 BP puisqu'il y a eu remplacement des espĂšces benthoniques Ă test calcaire par des espĂšces Ă test agglutinĂ©.Man hat PalĂąoumweltdaten von Erd-, See- und Meeres-Sedimenten analysiert, die man in der NĂąhe der Arctic Bay, lnsel Baffin, Nordwest-Territorien gesammelt hat. Achtzehn neue Radiocarbondaten liefern eine chronologische Kontrolle und ersetzen so fruhere Resultate. Faische alte Daten hat man sowohi aus sandigem Ton1 wie auch aus Seesedimenten mit niedrigem organischem Gehalt gewonnen. Die zuver-lĂ ssigsten Daten stammen von Meeres-muscheln und Foraminiferen. Sie zeigen, dass die Enteisung urn 9000 v.u.Z. und nicht um 16,000 v.u.Z. im Gange war. Liber den Zeitraum des Belegs charakterisierte sich die lokale Umwelt durch eine Pollen-Zusammensetzung der hohen Arktis, die von Gras, Schilfgras und Weide beherrscht war; auf eine warme PĂ©riode wĂąhrend des mittleren HolozĂ ns weisen zunehmende Weiden-, Gras- und Mooswerte. Die Meereseisbedingungen waren streng genug, um das Wachstum von Diatomeen bis etwa 6300 v.u.Z. zu verhindern und Proximaleis und Enteisungsbedingungen herrschten in den Fjords bis etwa 6000 v.u.Z. vor. Die Reproduktion von Diatomeen nahm zwischen 3000 v.u.Z. und 2500 v.u.Z. zu, was auf wĂ rmeres OberflĂ chenwasser und weniger Meereseis schliessen lĂ sst. Nach 2000 v.u.Z. nahm die Diatomeen-Akkumulation wegen einer Klimaabkuhlung plĂŽtzlich ab. Die Foraminiferen zeigen einen betrĂ chtlichen Wechsel der Bedingungen im tiefen Wasser um etwa 4000 v.u.Z., wenn die benthonischen Spezies von einer kalkartigen zu einer sandigen Zusammensetzung ubergehen
Academic and clinical preparation in speech-language pathology and audiology: a global training consortium
ABSTRACT: Purpose: To describe a research-based global\ud
curriculum in speech-language pathology and audiology that\ud
is part of a funded cross-linguistic consortium among 2 U.S.\ud
and 2 Brazilian universities.\ud
Method: The need for a global curriculum in speechlanguage\ud
pathology and audiology is outlined, and different\ud
funding sources are identified to support development of a\ud
global curriculum. The U.S. Department of Educationâs Fund\ud
for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education (FIPSE), in\ud
conjunction with the Brazilian Ministry of Education (Fundacao\ud
Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel\ud
Superior; CAPES), funded the establishment of a shared\ud
research curriculum project, âConsortium for Promoting\ud
Cross-Linguistic Understanding of Communication Disabilities\ud
in Childrenâ for East Tennessee State University and the University of Northern Iowa and 2 Brazilian universities\ud
(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria and Universidade de\ud
SĂŁo Paulo-BaurĂș).\ud
Results: The goals and objectives of the research-based\ud
global curriculum are summarized, and a description of an\ud
Internet-based course, âDifferent Languages, One World,â is\ud
provided\ud
Conclusion: Partnerships such as the FIPSEâCAPES consortium\ud
provide a foundation for training future generations of\ud
globally and research-prepared practitioners in speechlanguage\ud
pathology and audiology.U.S. Department of Education Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education P116M100014Brazilian Ministry of Education Fundacao Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior 094/1
Misalignments: Challenges in Cultivating Science Faculty with Education Specialties in Your Department
Science Faculty with Education Specialties (SFES) are increasingly being hired across the United States. However, little is known about the motivations for SFES hiring or the potential or actual impact of SFES. In the context of a recent national survey of US SFES, we investigated SFES perceptions about these issues. Strikingly, perceptions about reasons for hiring SFES were poorly aligned with perceptions about potential and actual contributions reported by SFES themselves, and the advice they extended to beginning SFES was varied. While preparation of future teachers and departmental teaching needs were common reasons offered for SFES hiring, the potential and actual contributions of SFES highlighted instead their roles as pedagogical resources and as contributors to curricular reform. Misalignments between SFES perceptions about what motivates SFES hiring and their perceptions of their most valuable contributions present challenges for those interested in maximizing the impact of SFES
Maximize How You Supervise: Report of the 2016 ASHA Ad Hoc Committee on Supervision Training
The success of existing and future audiologists and speech-language pathologists is dependent on skilled supervision. This session presents the findings of the ASHA Ad Hoc Committee on Supervision Training, including resources to enhance supervisor/preceptor skills and strategies for growing a culture of expectation for such training
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