The impact of diagnostic methods on the diagnosis of Clostridiodes difficile infection

Background. Clostridiodes difficile is a common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea. Laboratory testing for C. difficile infection (CDI) remains an area of confusion, as there is not a single accepted reference standard or a single best test.Objectives. To analyse the impact of different diagnostic methods on reported CDI rates. In addition, CDI incidence rates at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH), Johannesburg, South Africa, were determined.Methods. Results of stool samples submitted for C. difficile testing at CMJAH from 1 January 2014 to 31 August 2017 were reviewed. From January 2014 to July 2016, samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or toxin immunoassay, and from August 2016 to August 2017, algorithm-based testing (glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin immunoassay followed by PCR) was performed.Results. A total of 4 829 samples were submitted. For the first period, toxin immunoassay and PCR showed a positivity rate of 11.4% and 21.1%, respectively, with an overall positivity rate of 18.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.6 - 21.9). For the second period, the positivity rate was 15.9% (95% CI 11.3 - 17.7). This rate included samples that were GDH-positive and either showed toxin production or had a positive Xpert result. The CDI incidence for the two periods was different, with an incidence rate of 8.8 and 6.1 per 10 000 patient-days for the first and second periods, respectively.Conclusions. The choice of laboratory testing method has a major impact on the diagnosis of CDI, and therefore on reported rates of CDI. Standardisation of laboratory testing and incidence rate reporting is required in order to obtain robust and reliable data

Pembangunan Wireless Mesh Node pada Soekris Net4801

Jaringan wireless mesh adalah suatu bentuk implementasi teknologi wireless ad-hoc yang merupakan salah satu solusi bagi penyediaan infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang dapat digelar dengan cepat. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan perangkat keras wireless mesh node yang merupakan komponen inti jaringan wireless mesh. Perangkat keras wireless mesh node ini dibangun menggunakan target perangkat keras Soekris net4801. Sistem operasi yang digunakan adalah Ubuntu Server. Selain sistem operasi, aplikasi penting lain yang diterapkan adalah daemon routing OLSRd sebagai program yang menjalankan algoritma routing. Untuk membangun wireless mesh node yang kengkap, motherboard Soekris Net4801 dilengkapi oleh MiniPCI WiFi card, dan Compact Flash Sandisk 1GB untuk storage. Gambar di bawah memperlihatkan wireless mesh node yang dikembangkan

Kemampuan Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Laba Perbankan Dilihat dari Pengaruh Kesehatan Keuangan Bank

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ratio of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposite Ratio (LDR), Operational Income Operating Costs (BOPO) to Bank Profit Growth both partially and simultaneously at publicly traded bank companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX ) period 2012 - 2016. The sample in this study is Commercial Banks in Indonesia which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period of 2012 up to 2016 totaling 14 banks. Data from this study are quantitative data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data analysis method uses linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that simultaneously the variables CAR, BOPO, LDR have an influence on earnings growth of 84.82% and the remaining 15.18% is influenced by other factors outside this research. Partially CAR, BOPO, LDR shows a significant influence on bank profit growth. Keywords: Profit Growth, CAR, BOPO, LD

Analisis Pengaruh Corporate Governance Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Sektor Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Tahun 2012-2016

This study aims to examine the effect of the board of commissioner\u27s size, the board of directors, institutional ownership, independent commissioner; and firm size on financial performance. The population used in this study is a banking company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012 - 2016. The population of this study amounted to 144 companies. Sampling was done using non-random sampling technique. There are 20 companies that meet the criteria as research samples so that the research data amounted to 100. Data analysis is multiple linear regression tests. The results of this study show the board of commissioners, institutional ownernship, and independent commissioner have a positive effect, while firm size has a negative effect on financial performance.   Keywords: corporate governance, financial performanc

Spatial and temporal variation of malaria entomological parameters at the onset of a hydro-agricultural development in central Côte d'Ivoire

A deeper understanding of the ecology and small-scale heterogeneity of malaria transmission is essential for the design of effective prevention, control and elimination interventions. The spatial and temporal distribution of malaria vectors was investigated in five villages in close proximity to a hydro-agricultural system in Côte d'Ivoire over the course of construction and the early phase of irrigated rice farming.; The study was carried out in five villages (Raffierkro, N'Douakro, Ahougui, Kpokahankro, Koffikro) near Bouaké, central Côte d'Ivoire, between early 2007 and late 2009. In each village, mosquitoes were collected by human landing catches and identified morphologically at genus and species level, and entomological parameters were determined. Plasmodium infection was assessed by dissection and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.; A total of 19,404 mosquitoes belonging to the genus Anopheles were sampled during 328 human-night catches. Before the construction of the hydro-agricultural system, comparable densities of Anopheles gambiae were observed in all villages. In subsequent years, densities in Raffierkro and Ahougui were significantly higher than the other villages [Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test = 31.13, p > 0.001]. The density of Anopheles funestus in the five villages was comparable in the early stage of the project, while a high density was reported in Koffikro at the end (KW test = 11.91, p = 0.018). Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum is perennial in the study area. Over the course of the study, high entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) were found: 219-328 infectious bites per person per year with An. gambiae. For An. funestus considerably lower EIRs were observed (5.7-39.4). Changing patterns of An. gambiae were not correlated with malaria transmission.; In this study setting, located in the bioclimatic transition zone of Côte d'Ivoire, rice cultivation was not observed to increase malaria transmission. The entomological parameters recorded until the onset of rice-growing activities in a hydro-agricultural system presented considerable heterogeneity both in space and time; a strong increase of Anopheles mosquitoes was observed in two of the five villages located in close proximity to the dam and irrigated rice fields. Malaria still is a main public health problem in all villages that require adequate control measures

Pengenalan Gambar Rambu-rambu Lalu-lintas dengan Metode Kuantisasi Rerata

Salah satu ciri yang bisa dikembangkan dalam pengenalan gambar rambu-rambu lalu-lintas adalah ciri yang melibatkan content pada gambar, yang meliputi ciri dasar gambar seperti warna, bentuk dan tekstur. Pada gambar rambu-rambu lalu lintas, ciri bentuk merupakan ciri dominan yang mengisi content gambar. Untuk mendapatkan ciri bentuk ini ada berbagai macam metode yang banyak digunakan antara lain deteksi tepi, transformasi fourier, integral proyeksi dan kuantisasi. Dalam penelitian ini memanfaatkan ciri bentuk dengan menggunakan teknik kuantisasi untuk menyajikan ciri dari gambar rambu-rambu lalu lintas, yaitu kuantisasi rata-rata. Proses pengenalan dilakukan dengan menggunakan template matching antara vektor gambar rambu-rambu yang dimasukan (vektor query) dengan semua tanda rambu-rambu yang ada dalam database (vektor template). Dengan ukuran vektor yang kecil diharapkan proses template matching ini dapat dilakukan dengan cepat. Dalam hal ini yang dicari adalah nilai selisih terkecil dari vektor query dan vektor template yang ada dalam database. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan yang telah dilakukan, bertambahnya ukuran sampling menghasilkan performansi yang semakin kecil atau prosentase error yang semakin besar, kondisi ini dikarenakan banyak ciri bentuk pada gambar yang hilang, sehingga pengenalan terhadap gambar menimbulkan error yang besar. Hasil percobaan yang cukup baik pada saat ukuran sampling (segmen) 4x4, didapatkan prosentase error rata-rata sebesar 9.19% (jumlah gambar salah sekitar 3 gambar) dengan performansi sebesar 90.81. Kata Kunci: Rambu-rambu lalu-lintas, kuantisasi rata-rata, template matchin

Analisis Pengaruh Return On Asset (ROA), Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), Suku Bunga, Financing To Deposits Ratio (FDR) dan Non Performing Financing (NPF) terhadap Tingkat Bagi Hasil Deposito Mudharabah (Studi Empiris pada Bank Um

Level of profit sharing given by Islamic Banks which is one factor public appeal to save funds in the products of Islamic Banks but in level of profit sharing for giving of Islamic Banks still refers to the rate of Conventional Banks. Still referring to Conventional Bank interest rates make people still think that the same Islamic Banks with Conventional Banks. This research purpose to analyze the effect of financial ratios and interest rate to the level of profit sharing of mudharabah deposits Islamic Banks in Indonesia. The population used is the quarterly financial statements throughout Islamic Banks in Indonesia 2011-2013. Selection of the samples tested in this study using purposive sampling method, 6 selected Islamic Banks. Analysis tools in this study is used multiple regression analysis using SPSS 19.0 software. The variables used in this study are Return On Asset (ROA), BOPO, Interest Rate, Financing To Deposits Ratio (FDR) and Non Performing Financing (NPF) as the independent variable, and level of profit sharing mudaraba deposits as the dependent variable. Partial results show that Return On Asset (ROA) and Financing To Deposits Ratio (FDR) significant positive effect on level of profit sharing mudaraba deposits while the BOPO, Interest Rate and Non Performing Financing (NPF) have no effect.DOI: 10.15408/ess.v5i1.233

Impacts of Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Reportage on Abeokuta Residents’ Opinion of Corruption in Buhari's Administrations (2015-2023)

This study examined the impacts of Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) reportage on Abeokuta residents' opinion of corruption in Buhari's administrations (2015-2023). The objectives were to find out the level of Abeokuta residents' awareness of NTA reportage on corruption in Buhari's administration; examine Abeokuta residents' opinion of NTA's objectivity in reporting corruption during Buhari's administration and ascertain Abeokuta residents' opinion on the impacts of NTA’s corruption reportage in Buhari's administration. The Agenda setting theory was the theoretical framework. Survey served as research design while questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. The researchers found that NTA's corruption reportage during Buhari's administration had both positive and negative impacts. The positive impacts include increased pressure on the government to curb corruption, strengthened anti-corruption agencies, and recovery of stolen funds. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other things that the media should give more attention to the issue of corruption to set the agenda for the public to focus on this important issue and that this can be achieved by increasing the frequency and depth of coverage of corruption-related issues

Peningkatan Penjualan Produk Rabbani melalui Penerapan Bisnis Intelijen dengan Metode Olap (Online Analytical Process)

Tahun 2015 reShare rabbani cipto-cirebon mengalami kondisi penjualan yang tidak stabil. Hal ini terjadi karena di daerah tersebut banyak berdiri toko-toko baru dari reShare lain. Akibatnyapenjualan produk rabbani mengalami penurunan omset pada 12 minggu terakhir ditahun 2015.Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode OLAP (Online Analytical Processing).Metode ini terdiri dari tiga tahapan operasi analisa dasar, diantaranya consolidation (roll-up), drill-down, slicing and dicing. Aplikasi bantu yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaituPowerOLAP versi 14. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu memberikan prediksi pada toko rabbani cipto-cirebon dalam meningkatkan penjualan produknya. Serta dapat membatu dalammemberikan inovasi baru pada produk rabbani agar banyak pengunjung datang. Sehingga dapat menghasilkan informasi yang tepat untuk membantu pihak manajemen dalam meningkatkanproduktifitas penjualan