Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Hydrogen-Methane-Nitrogen Non-Premixed Jet Flame

In this work, the numerical investigation of the two-dimensional axisymmetric turbulent diffusion flame of a composite fuel was performed by using a computational fluid dynamics code to predict flame structure. The composite fuel was an H2/CH4/N2 gas mixture. The amount of H2 and N2 in the fuel mixture varies under constant volumetric fuel flow rate. Fluent, which solves the governing and reaction equations using the finite volume method, was used as the computational fluid dynamics program. The non-premixed model was used for computation of the combustion. The standard k-ε model was used for modeling the turbulent flow. The interaction of the chemistry and turbulence was accounted for by the program with the probability density function model. This model was validated against the experimental data taken from literature. In general, the numerical results of the temperature, velocity, and CO2 concentration distributions were in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The numerical results showed that adding H2 to the fuel mixture decreases the flame length and generally increases the maximum temperature of the flame. On the other hand, adding N2 to the mixture decreases both the flame length and maximum flame temperature. The flame length corresponds to the axial position of the peak flame temperature. Keywords: Combustion Modeling; Composite Fuels; Diffusion Flame; H2/CH4/N2 Flame; Flame Length; Emission

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Different Conical Turbulators on the Performance of a Liquid Fuelled Boiler

The increment in the combustion of fossil fuels for heating and power generation in recent years has led researchers to design more efficient energy conversion systems by increasing the efficiency of the existing systems and by minimizing energy losses. In this study, increasing the efficiency of the liquid fuelled smoke tube boilers used for domestic heating was researched. In this context, turbulators with full conical and frusto-conical geometries placed to smoke tubes of boiler and their effects on flame structure, heat transfer and boiler efficiency were investigated numerically. Calculations were carried out at two dimensional axisymmetric conditions and Fluent was used as the computational fluid dynamics software. In all cases, the standard k-ε model was used for modelling the turbulent flow and the species transport model was used for modelling the combustion. The results obtained by using these turbulators were evaluated for each placement condition of the turbulators. Besides, the temperature and the stream function distribution and the pressure drop in the boiler were investigated according to the type of turbulators. Finally, it was discussed which type of turbulator would be most appropriate at boilers. Keywords: Spray Combustion; Combustion Modelling; Boilers; Conical Turbulator

Best practices in the use of learning outcomes in chemistry education

Learning outcomes driven chemistry education is increasingly practiced, providing new opportunities for international comparisons. The interest in intended learning outcomes and constructive alignment has grown in many parts of the world due to both research in higher education (Biggs & Tang, 2011) and political decisions (e. g. the Bologna process in Europe). We will describe our steps towards a method for benchmarking (i.e. learning by sharing and comparing best practice) these outcomes, to enhance learner-centered chemistry education both in the developed and developing world. The project builds on and extends task group members’ experiences from national and international projects and draws on the international framework and multicultural competence of IUPAC’s Committee on Chemistry Education. Guiding chemistry education for the future requires the exchange of perspectives on core knowledge, skills and competencies. This project evaluates how learning outcomes for courses and modules are linked to each other and to learning outcomes for educational programs and how the expected learning outcomes can be aligned with learning activities and assessment. The comparison informs guidelines for self-evaluation, which focus on local learning outcomes for chemistry education including courses/modules, compared with national and/or international descriptors and with attention to alignment with learning activities and assessment. A full electronic report and manual for the benchmarking procedure will be produced at the conclusion of the project, including a collection of examples of good/best practice for dissemination. REFERENCES Biggs, J. B. & Tang, C. S. (2011). Teaching for quality learning at university: what the student does. Buckingham: Open University Press/Mc Graw-Hill Education

Detection of relative dimer and rotamer concentrations of diacetamide in different solvents by FT-IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations

The relative rotamer, dimer and tautomer concentrations of diacetamide have been studied by means of infrared spectroscopy, with the recorded spectra being analyzed employing results from density functional theory calculations. It is observed that the cis-trans monomeric form of diacetamide (1) is found to be the most stable isomer in all studied solvents, with trans-trans diacetamide (2) being found to be 20% of total diacetamide in methanol. While the dimer form of diacetamide (3) is present only in carbon-tetrachloride (about 34% of the total), its tautomeric forms (4, 5) are not favorable in any of the studied solvents. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Investigation of Differences in P53 Gene Polymorphisms between Schizophrenia and Lung Cancer Patients in the Turkish Population

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The reduced incidence of cancer observed in schizophrenia patients may be related to differences in genetic background. It has been suggested that genetic predisposition towards schizophrenia is associated with reduced vulnerability to lung cancer, and p53 gene is one of the candidate genes. In our study, we aimed to investigate polymorphisms in the BstUI in exon 4 and MspI in intron 6 restriction sites of the p53 gene in Turkish schizophrenia patients, lung cancer patients, and controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Allele and genotype incidence of these polymorphisms with their haplotype combinations were studied in 100 Turkish lung cancer and schizophrenia patients and 100 controls without malignant and schizophrenia diseases. The genotype characteristics were determined by PCR-based RFLP method using DNA extracted from peripheral blood. RESULTS: For the BstUI and MspI polymorphism, there were found significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between schizophrenia and lung cancer patients with control groups (P < .01). The analysis based on haplotype frequencies showed the presence of BstUI-MspI 2-1 haplotype in cancer patients (12%) in contrast to the absence of this haplotype in schizophrenia and controls. Only in lung cancer patients we found both significant decrease of A1 allele of the p53 codon 72 (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.9-0.58) and A1/A1 homozygous genotype (P < .0001, OR 0.19). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a protective effect of A1 allele against lung cancer, and the p53 MspI polymorphism may modify the susceptibility to lung cancer as a single factor rather than in combination with BstUI polymorphism

Effects of local simvastatin on periosteal distractiono steogenesis in rabbits

PubMedID: 25640700Our aim was to evaluate the effect of local simvastatin on the formation of new bone using a new design of periosteal distractor. The distractorswere placed between the periosteum and bone at the inferior border of the mandible of 20 New Zealand rabbits. In the first group (n = 10)simvastatin was applied locally to the distraction zone. The other 10 rabbits served as controls. The formation of new bone was evaluated withdigital direct radiography, computed tomography (CT), and histomorphometric analyses. New bone formed in all rabbits, but more formedin the experimental group according to histomorphometric variables. However, other measurements did not differ significantly between thegroups. The new design of the periosteal distraction device was successful in causing new bone to form. Local simvastatin made no significantcontribution to the procedure. © 2015 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit: DHF2012D08The study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Cukurova University, conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Cukurova University Animal Research Centre, and supported by Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Grant, Adana, Turkey ( DHF2012D08 )

Effects of local simvastatin on periosteal distraction osteogenesis in rabbits

7th ACBID International Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Congress -- 2013 -- Antalya, TURKEYWOS: 000352083800002PubMed ID: 25640700Our aim was to evaluate the effect of local simvastatin on the formation of new bone using a new design of periosteal distractor. The distractors were placed between the periosteum and bone at the inferior border of the mandible of 20 New Zealand rabbits. In the first group (n = 10) simvastatin was applied locally to the distraction zone. The other 10 rabbits served as controls. The formation of new bone was evaluated with digital direct radiography, computed tomography (CT), and histomorphometric analyses. New bone formed in all rabbits, but more formed in the experimental group according to histomorphometric variables. However, other measurements did not differ significantly between the groups. The new design of the periosteal distraction device was successful in causing new bone to form. Local simvastatin made no significant contribution to the procedure. (C) 2015 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ACBI

Thin film characterization of novel phthalimide materials

Spin coating technique is employed to produce thin phthalimide films using novel p-phthalimidobenzoic acid (FIBA) and N-(phthalimido)-p-aminobenzoic acid (FIABA) materials. Several spin speeds and various solution concentrations are chosen to monitor the thin film deposition process of these new materials. The optical properties are studied using UV-visible spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry methods. The absorption of the FIBA and FIABA films against the spin speed showed an exponential behavior. π →π ∗ transition is occurred. The thicknesses of thin films at 2000 rpm are obtained 15.86 nm for FIBA and 12.99 nm for FIABA using spectroscopic ellipsometry results

Turkish patients

Background: Although there is an increasing number of publications about the involvement of angiotensin convening enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in mood disorders, none of them has been able to show any linkage between allele or genotypic distributions and schizophrenia. However, there are number of reports associating brain and cerebrospinal fluid ACE levels with schizophrenia.Aim: We investigated the possibility of an association between ACE I/D polymorphism and schizophrenia.Method: Our study comprised 155 unrelated subjects who strictly met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, and 174 healthy unrelated controls, all were of Turkish origin. The analysis of ACE polymorphism was performed using an established polymerase chain reaction method.Results: The I/I genotype of ACE significantly less frequent and I/D genotype was more frequent in schizophrenic patients compared to the controls (p=0.015). This difference was mostly due to the significant difference in men but not in women. The ACE genotypes did not differ between clinical subgroups of schizophrenia (p=0.10).Conclusion: The results of our study suggests that ACE I/I polymorphism is associated with schizophrenia at least in this group of Turkish patients.C1 Pamukkale Univ, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, TR-20100 Denizli, Turkey.State Mental Healthy Hosp, Elazig, Turkey

p-phthalimidobenzoic thin film for volatile organic vapor detection

Thin films of the molecule of p-phthalimidobenzoic acid (FIBA) have been deposited by spin coating and are studied for application as sensing membrane for the detection of alcohols. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface plasmon resosnance (SPR) were used for the characterisation of the FIBA films. Alcohol sensing properties of the obtained films were examined using SPR measurements. AFM images show that FIBA films have the large surface roughness with an estimated roughness RMS value of 6.3 nm. Films with such compact and granular morphology are believed to provide improved sensitivity when used in sensor applications. The measured SPR curves were analysed by applying a least square fitting procedure using Fresnel's reflection theory. FIBA film used as a sensing element for the detection of saturated 2-propanol, ethanol and methanol vapors. Fast response and recovery for all studied analytes have been obtained. These results show that thin films made with this FIBA molecule are demonstrating good suitability for room temperature vapor application