The value of fault analysis for field development planning

Faults play an important role in reservoir compartmentalization and can have a significant impact on recoverable volumes. A recent petroleum discovery in the Norwegian offshore sector, with an Upper Jurassic reservoir, is currently in the development planning phase. The reservoir is divided into several compartments by syn-depositional faults that have not been reactivated and do not offset the petroleum-bearing sandstones completely. A comprehensive fault analysis has been conducted from core to seismic scale to assess the likely influence of faults on the production performance and recoverable volumes. The permeability of the small-scale faults from the core were analyzed at high confining pressures using formation compatible brines. These permeability measurements provide important calibration points for the fault property assessment, which was used to calculate transmissibility multipliers (TM) that were incorporated into the dynamic reservoir simulation model to account for the impact of faults on fluid flow. Dynamic simulation results reveal a range of more than 20% for recoverable volumes depending on the fault property case applied and for a base case producer/injector well pattern. The fault properties are one of the key parameters that influence the range of cumulative recoverable oil volumes and the recovery efficiency

Lifelong Negative Influence of School Violence on Children.

violence in the school environment is a constant concern for educators and parents and is a serious and often lifelong burden for the young victims. School violence is not just a limited problem, variously affecting specific or isolated communities in economic advantaged or disadvantaged areas, but a global modern phenomenon involving, to various degrees, one of the core social institutions of our society.The European Paediatric Association-Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), through the working group on social pediatrics, supported by its European national pediatric societies members, is currently developing dedicated projects to investigate the physical, psychological, and social impacts of school violence on European children and its possible lifelong risks. The purpose of this commentary is to raise awareness on this issue among healthcare professionals involved in childcare and to emphasize the importance of their participation in programs that are developed to monitor and prevent the negative, personal, and social impact

КИШЕЧНАЯ МИКРОБИОТА И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРОБИОТИКОВ В ПРАКТИКЕ ПЕДИАТРА. ЧТО НОВОГО?

Condition of intestinal microbiota is a key factor of a child's health. According to the latest studies, distinctness and certain stability of every person's microbiota is to a large extent determined genetically; at the same time, microbiocenosis is sensitive to external exposure, i.e. it is labile. The article presents new data on the intestinal microflora's composition and function, as well as on the nature of interaction in the microbiocenosis-host system. Intestinal microflora directly affects formation of a child's immune system, ensures protection from pathogens and takes part in all types of metabolism. The article presents modern approaches to intestinal microflora modulation and use of probiotics to prevent and treat various pathologies in pediatric practice.Состояние кишечной микробиоты является важнейшим фактором здоровья ребенка. Как показывают последние исследования, индивидуальность и определенное постоянство микробиоты каждого человека во многом определено генетически, в то же время микробиоценоз чутко реагирует на любые внешние воздействия, что характеризует его лабильность. В статье приведены новые данные о составе и функции кишечной микрофлоры, а также о характере взаимодействия в системе микробиоценоз–хозяин. Кишечная микрофлора оказывает непосредственное влияние на формирование иммунной системы ребенка, обеспечивает защиту от патогенов, участвует во всех видах обмена. Рассматриваются современные подходы к модулированию микробиоты кишечника и применению пробиотиков с целью профилактики и лечения различной патологии в педиатрической практике

Витамины в профилактике и лечении аллергических болезней у детей

It is known that a child cannot receive the sufficient amount of all vitamins and minerals with the regular contemporary (“Western”) type of diet. The issue of vitamin deficiency is characteristic of a considerable part of population of Russia, including children. Vitamin deficiency is even worse in children with allergic pathologies than in similar age groups. As use of vitamin/mineral complexes in children with allergic diseases raises specific concerns among physicians and parents due to possible adverse reactions, discussion of the need and safety of vitamin prevention and vitamin therapy in this category of patients was chosen as the topic of this review. The article presents the contemporary data on the role of vitamins in a child’s immune response formation, as well as in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The authors recount new data on numerous biological effects of vitamin D, including the immune system level, in detail. The review of clinical studies of use of vitamin/mineral complexes in children with allergies involved both foreign and Russian studies, including the considerable clinical experience accumulated right at the Scientific Center of Children’s Health. It has been shown that use of vitamins both for preventive purposes and for treatment of allergic diseases in children is reasonable not only because it reliably affects immune response, but also due to a deficiency of a range of vitamins in immunopathogenesis of an allergological pathology. Известно, что при современном, «западном», типе питания ребенок не может получить достаточного количества всех витаминов и минеральных веществ с обычным рационом. Проблема недостаточной обеспеченности витаминами характерна для значительной части населения нашей страны, включая детей. У детей с аллергической патологией обеспеченность витаминами еще ниже, чем у аналогичных возрастных групп населения без аллергии. Поскольку применение витаминно-минеральных комплексов у детей с аллергическими болезнями вызывает у врачей и родителей определенные опасения в отношении возможных нежелательных реакций, обсуждение необходимости и безопасности витаминопрофилактики и витаминотерапии у этой категории больных стало темой настоящего обзора. В статье приведены современные данные о роли витаминов в формировании иммунного ответа у ребенка, а также в патогенезе аллергических заболеваний. Подробно изложены новые данные о многочисленных биологических эффектах витамина D, в том числе на уровне иммунной системы. Обзор клинических исследований по применению витаминно-минеральных комплексов у детей с аллергией проведен на примере как зарубежных работ, так и отечественных, в том числе представлен значительный клинический опыт, накопленный непосредственно в Научном центре здоровья детей. Показано, что использование витаминов в профилактических целях, а также при лечении аллергических болезней у детей оправдано как с позиций их доказанного воздействия на иммунный ответ, так и установленной роли дефицита ряда витаминов в иммунопатогенезе аллергической патологии.

The Health Risks of Electronic Cigarettes Use in Adolescents

The aim of this article is to rise the awareness on knowledge and perceptions of possible risks and benefits of electronic cigarettes (ECs) impacts adolescents’ decisions to use these products. ECs trend is becoming increasingly popular, not only among adults, but also among the youngest

Prevention and contrast of child abuse and neglect in the practice of European paediatricians: a multi-national pilot study

Background: Child abuse and neglect, or maltreatment, is a serious public health problem, which may cause long-term effects on children's health and wellbeing and expose them to further adulthood vulnerabilities. Studies on child maltreatment performed in Europe are scarce, and the number of participants enrolled relatively small. The aim of this multi-national European pilot study, was to evaluate the level of understanding and perception of the concepts of child abuse and neglect by European paediatricians working in different medical settings, and the attitude toward these forms of maltreatment in their practice. Methods: The study was performed by a cross-sectional, descriptive, online survey, made available online to European paediatricians members of 50 national paediatric, who belonged to four different medical settings: hospital, family care, university centres and private practice. The questionnaire, designed as a multiple choice questions survey, with a single answer option consisted of 22 questions/statements. Frequency analyses were applied. Most of the data were described using univariate analysis and Chi-squared tests were used to compare the respondents and answers and a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 applied. Results: Findings show that European paediatricians consider the training on child maltreatment currently provided by medical school curricula and paediatric residency courses to be largely insufficient and continuing education courses were considered of great importance to cover educational gaps. Physical violence was recognized by paediatricians mostly during occasional visits with a significant correlation between detecting abuse during an occasional visit and being a primary care paediatrician. Results also showed a reluctance by paediatricians to report cases of maltreatment to the competent judicial authorities. Conclusions: Data of this study may provide useful contribution to the current limited knowledge about the familiarity of European paediatricians with child maltreatment and their skills to recognize, manage and contrast abusive childhood experiences in their practice. Finally, they could provide local legislators and health authorities with information useful to further improve public health approaches and rules able to effectively address shared risk and protective factors, which could prevent child abuse and neglect from ever occurring

SUPPORTIVE SUPERVISION AS A TECHNOLOGY OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF HOSPITAL CARE DELIVERY

Improving the quality of medical care is a priority in countries with developed and developing health care system. There are various approaches to improve the quality and safety of patient’s care, as well as various strategies to encourage hospitals to achieve this goal. The purpose of the presented literature review was to analyze existing experience of the implementation of technology of supportive supervision in health care facilities to improve the quality of hospital care delivery. The data sources for publication were obtained from the following medical databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medscape, e-library, and books on the topic of the review written by experts. The article discusses the results of the research studies demonstrating the successes and failures of supportive supervision technology application. Implementation of supportive supervision in medical facilities based on generalized experience of different countries is a promising direction in improving the quality of medical care delivery. This technology opens up opportunities to improve skills and work quality of the staff at pediatric hospitals in the Russian Federation