In-season internal and external training monotony, strain and acute/chronic workload ratio variations between starters and non-starters of a top elite European soccer team

The aim of this study was two-fold: (a) to describe the in-season variations of training monotony, training strain, and acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through session rated perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance and high-speed running (HSR); (b) to compare those variations between starters and non-starters. Seventeen professional players from an European First League team participated in this study. They were divided in two groups: starters (n=9) and non-starters (n=8). The players were monitored daily over a 41-week period of competition where 52 matches occurred during the 2015- 2016 in-season. Through the collection of s-RPE, total distance and HSR, training monotony, training strain and ACWR were calculated for each measure, respectively. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1 to 10). Results revealed no differences between starters vs non-starters (p>0.05). M6 had a greater number of matches and displayed higher values in monotony (s-RPE, total distance and HSR), strain (only for total distance) and ACWR (s-RPE, TD and HSR). However, the variation patterns for all indexes displayed some differences. In conclusion, the values of both starters and non starters showed small differences between them and thus suggesting that the adjustments of training workloads that had been applied over the season helped to reduce differences according to the player status. Even so, there some variations over the season (microcycles and mesocycles) for the whole team. This study could be used as reference for future coaches, staff and scientists.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Within- and between-mesocycle variations of well-being measures in top elite soccer players: a longitudinal study

The aim of this study was two-fold: (a) to describe the in-season variations of training monotony (TM), training strain (TS), and acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through fatigue, stress, muscle soreness and sleep quality; (b) to compare those variations between player status and player positions. Seventeen professional players from an European First League team participated in this study. Regarding player status, participants were divided in two groups: starters (n=9), and non-starters (n=8). Additionally, they were divided according to player positions: four central defenders, three wide defenders, four central midfielders, three wide midfielders, and three strikers. They were monitored daily over a 40-week period of competition through the Hooper index. Then, TM, TS, and ACWR were calculated for each Hooper index categories, respectively. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1 to 10). Results revealed variations over the season with respect for both player status and positions. There was a tendency of higher values for all TM, TS, and ACWR calculated from Hooper categories, for starters compared to non-starters. Regarding player positions, there were variations over the season but only significant differences in stress between wide defenders vs central midfielders for monotony (p=0.033, ES=5.16) and central defenders vs wide defenders for ACWR (p=0.044, ES=4.95), and in sleep between wide defenders and strikers for TM (p=0.015, ES= 5.80). The present study showed that a comprehensive analysis of players' wellness parameters can provide clear information to the coaches tp complement training monitoring of the players.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Within- and between-mesocycle variations of well-being measures in top elite male soccer players: a longitudinal study

Background: The aims of this study were to describe the variations of training monotony (TM), training strain (TS), and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through Hooper Index categories (fatigue, stress, DOMS, and sleep quality) and to compare those variations between player status and player positions. Methods: Seventeen male professional soccer players participated in this study. Considering player status, participants were divided in nine starters and eight non-starters. Additionally, participants were divided by playing positions: three wide defenders, four central defenders, three wide midfielders, four central midfielders, and three strikers. They were followed during 40-week in-season period. TM, TS, and ACWR were calculated for each HI category, respectively. Data were grouped in 10 mesocycles for further analysis. Results: Results showed variations across the mesocycles. In general, starters showed higher values for TM, TS, and ACWR calculations than non-starters, although there were some exceptions. Regarding player positions, significant differences were found in stress between wide defenders vs central midfielders for TM (p = 0.033, ES = 5.16), central defenders vs wide defenders for ACWR (p = 0.044, ES = 4.95), and in sleep between wide defenders and strikers for TM (p = 0.015, ES = 5.80). Conclusions: This study revealed that an analysis of players’ well-being parameters according to player status and positions can provide clear information to the coaches and their staff to complement the tasks of training monitoring.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Range values for external and internal intensity monitoring in female soccer players: a systematic review

Background: The range values of different training and match intensity measures obtained to define benchmarks in female soccer players are needed. Usually, cohort studies analyse only one team with a relatively small sample size, which brings forth the need for a systematic review to generalise training and match intensity evidence. Objectives: This review aimed to identify and summarise studies that have examined external and internal training or match intensity monitoring to provide range values for the main measures in female soccer players. Methods: A systematic review of EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases was per formed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: From the 2853 studies searched, 44 were analysed in which the following range intervals were found for training: rated perceived exertion (RPE, 1–7 AU), session-RPE (s-RPE, 51–721 AU), total distance (2347–6646 m) and distance >19.4 km·h−1 (9– 543 m). For matches, the range values were s-RPE (240–893 AU), total distance (5480–10581 m), distance≥14 km·h−1 (543–2520 m), ≥ 18 km·h−1 (96–1680 m), number of accelerations (49–240) and deceleration (21–85) and player load (848–1096 AU). Conclusions: This study provides range values of s-RPE, RPE, TRIMP, total distance and distance >19.4 km·h−1 regarding training; range intervals of s-RPE, heart rate average and maximum, total distance, distance ≥ 14 km·h−1 , ≥ 18 km·h−1 , ACC and DEC (> 2 ms−2 ) regarding matches for professional female players that can be used by coaches, practitioners or researchers to achieve similar training and competitive levels.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In-season monotony, strain and acute/chronic workload of perceived exertion, global positioning system running based variables between player positions of a top elite soccer team

Background: The interpretation of the load variations across a period seems important to control the weekly progression or variation of the load, or to identify within- micro and mesocycle variations. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the in-season variations of training monotony, training strain, and acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance and high-speed running (HSR) according to playing positions in an elite soccer team. Methods: Seventeen professional players from an European First League team participated in this study. They were divided four central defenders (CD), three wide defenders (WD), four central midfielders (CM), three wide midfielders (WM) and three strikers (ST). The players were monitored daily over a 41-week period of competition where 52 matches occurred during the 2015–2016 in-season. Through the collection of s-RPE, total distance and HSR, training monotony, training strain and ACWR were calculated for each measure, respectively. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1–10). Results: The main results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for TMs-RPE between CD vs. ST (moderate effect) in M2; between CD vs. CM (moderate effect) for TS of s-RPE; between CD vs. ST moderate effect) in M6 for ACWR of s-RPE. In addition, there was significant difference between CM vs. ST (moderate effect) in M2 for TS of TD; between WD vs. ST (moderate effect) in M3 for ACWR of TD. Moreover, there were significant differences for TM of HSR between CD vs. WD (very large effect); CD vs. WD (moderate effect) in M4 for TS of HSR. Conclusions: The present study presents new insights to coaches and technical staff about the variation profiling of TM, TS, and ACWR calculated with internal and external load measures, between player positions during 10 mesocycles.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reference values for external and internal training intensity monitoring in young male soccer players: a systematic review

Training intensity monitoring is a daily practice in soccer which allows soccer academies to assess the efficacy of its developmental interventions and management strategies. The current systematic review’s purpose is to: (1) identify and summarize studies that have examined external and internal training intensity monitoring, and to (2) provide references values for the main measures for young male soccer players. A systematic review of EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 2404 studies initially identified, 8 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. From them, the following range intervals were found for training: rated perceived exertion (RPE) 2.3–6.3 au; session- RPE, 156–394 au; total distance, 3964.5–6500 m and; distance >18 km/h, 11.8–250 m. Additionally, a general tendency to decrease the intensity in the day before the match was Found. This study allowed to provide reference values of professional young male players for the main internal and external measures. All together, they can be used by coaches, their staff, or practitioners in order to better adjust training intensity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Do contextual factors influence running and accelerometry GPS based variables in professional women soccer players? A case study about the effect of match location and result

The aims of this study were to compare external match load between home and away matches as well as the result of the match (win, draw, and loss). The secondary aim was to quantify external training load that preceded the next match taking into account both match location and result. Ten elite women soccer players participated in the study (age 24.6 ± 2.3 years). Seven home and seven away matches in which four wins, three draws, and seven losses occurred. The following global positioning system (GPS) metrics were analyzed: duration, total distance, high-speed running distance (HSR, ≥15 km h−1), number of accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DEC), average speed, and player load. There were no significant differences between match results and match locations. Regarding comparisons of training data preceding different match results, only duration and player load did not differ while HSR, number of ACC and DEC showed to be higher when the next match was a loss ( p &lt; 0.05, moderate to very large effect). Regarding comparisons of training data preceding different match locations, only duration, total distance, and player load did not differ while HSR, average speed, number of ACC and DEC in all zones were higher when the next match was at home ( p &lt; 0.05, moderate to very large effect). In conclusion, this study showed that match result and location did not have a significant effect on GPS metrics exhibited during match-day. However, training data influenced the contextual factors of the next match which should be considered when planning training sessions

Reference values for external and internal training intensity monitoring in professional male soccer players: a systematic review

One of the possibilities for organising different studies and providing some reference values or benchmarks is to summarise all information. Such a possibility could help coaches and practitioners identify typical values based on specific conditions and eventually use benchmark values to compare players against The current systematic review was carried out to identify and summarise studies that have examined external and internal training intensity monitoring and to provide references values for the main measures in professional male soccer players. A systematic review of EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 2404 studies initially identified, 25 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analysed. From these, the following range intervals by overall team were found: session rated perceived exertion (s-RPE) = 26–936 AU, total distance = 2143–9540 m and distance >14 km/h = 410–1884 m, distance >18 km/h = 7–541 m, distance >24 km/h = 1–190 m, acceleration number >3 m.s−2 = 9–195, deceleration number >-3 m.s−2 = 10–157 and player load = 310–774 AU. Additionally, range intervals for player positions and a match-day minus approach were provided. This study provided reference values of professional male players for the main internal and external intensity measures. Altogether, they can be used by coaches, their staff, or practitioners to achieve desired competitive levels. They can replicate such values or even increase the numbers presented in training sessions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In-season internal and external workload variations between starters and non-starters—a case study of a top elite european soccer team

Background and Objectives: Interpretation of the load variations across a period seems important to control the weekly progression or variation of the load, or to identify in-micro- and mesocycle variations. Thus, the aims of this study were twofold: (a) to describe the in-season variations of training monotony, training strain and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through session ratings of perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance and high-speed running (HSR); and (b) to compare those variations between starters and non-starters. Materials and Methods: Seventeen professional players from a European First League team participated in this study. They were divided in two groups: starters (n = 9) and non-starters (n = 8). The players were monitored daily over a 41-week period of competition where 52 matches occurred during the 2015-2016 in-season. Through the collection of s-RPE, total distance and HSR, training monotony, training strain and ACWR were calculated for each measure, respectively. Data were analyzed across ten mesocycles (M: 1 to 10). Repeated measures ANOVA was used with the Bonferroni post hoc test to compare M and player status. Results: The results revealed no differences between starters vs. non-starters (p > 0.05). M6 had a greater number of matches and displayed higher values for monotony (s-RPE, total distance and HSR), strain (only for total distance) and ACWR (s-RPE, TD and HSR). However, the variation patterns for all indexes displayed some differences. Conclusions: The values of both starters and non-starters showed small differences, thus suggesting that the adjustments of training workloads that had been applied over the season helped to reduce differences according to the player status. Even so, there were some variations over the season (microcycles and mesocycles) for the whole team. This study could be used as a reference for future coaches, staff and scientists.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio