Study of proteases activity during larval development of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe).

Chilopartellus is one of the most serious maize stem borer.The larval developmental period is of 28 days. The acidic, Neural   and alkaline proteases activity during larval development of Chilopartellus have been studied. The partial characterization of acidic alkaline and neutral proteases during larval development of Chilo partellushas been also studied.The Sharp increase in acidic, alkaline, neutral proteases activity was noted on the onset of each instar. Then gradual decrease in enzyme activity was observed at the end of each instar. The physiological significance of proteases during larval development of Chilopartellus is discussed

Email Security: The Challenges of Network Security

Now a day’s, network security has become very important. For those securities Simple Mail Transport Protocol is the most widely used protocol for e-mail delivery. But, it lackssecurity features like privacy, authentication and integrity of e-mail message. To make e-mail communication secure and private,e-mail servers adopted one or more security features. The security protocolsprovide a most security but it also has several limitations. This paper discusseslimitations of e-mail security protocols, analyses and evaluates theireffectiveness in e-mail servers, as well as outlines the various attack methods which are used, and various defencemechanisms against them. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15060

Face recognition along with DWT based steganography for net banking

Face recognition technique now a days is emerging as the most significant and challenging aspects in terms of security for identification of images in various fields like banking, police records, biometric etc. other than an individual’s thumb and documented identification proofs. Till date for efficient net banking to be initiated, one has to provide the appropriate user name and password for purpose of authentication. This paper introduces a more reliable authentication of an individual by providing Face Image along with User Name and Password to the system. In this an individual’s face is identified by biometric authentication support with which, only a person whose account is, can access it. However while transferring this sensitive data of user image, from client machine to bank server it has to be protected from hackers and intruders from manhandling it, hence it is transferred using covert communication called Wavelet Decomposition based steganography

A Framework to Categorize Shill and Normal Reviews by Measuring it’s Linguistic Features

Shill reviews detection has attracted significant attention from both business and research communities. Shill reviews are increasingly used to influence the reputation of products sold on websites in positive or negative manner. The spammers may create shill reviews which mislead readers to artificially promote or devalue some target products or services. Different methods which work according to linguistic features have been adopted and implemented effectively. Surprisingly, review manipulation was found on reputable e-commerce websites also. This is the reason why linguistic-feature based methods have gained more and more popularity. Lingual features of shill reviews are examined in this study and then a tool has been developed for extracting product features from the text used in the product review under analysis. Fake reviews, fake comments, fake blogs, fake social network postings and deceptive texts are some forms of shill reviews. By extracting linguistic features like informativeness, subjectivity and readability, an attempt is made to find difference between shill and normal reviews. On the basis of these three characteristics, hypotheses are formed and generalized. These hypotheses help to compare shill and normal reviews in analytical terms. Proposed work is for based on polarity of the text (positive or negative), as shill reviewer tend to use a definite polarity based on their intention, positive or negative

Relationship of incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and body-built Index somatotype in Indian population

Background: Incidence of ACL injuries and physical parameters like age, sex, height, weight and BMI has been studied intensely as a risk factor. Each of them poses as a different risk factor for occurrence of ACL injuries. But body-built index-somatotype considers relative proportions of fatness, muscle mass and skeletal architecture in terms of endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy in a single individual which neutralises variables like age, sex, BMI. Methods: 100 patients were included in the study, excluding those with multiligament injuries, associated fractures around knee, mucoid degeneration of ACL and road traffic accident cases. Parameters such as skin fold thickness, circumference and epicondylar, condylar width was taken into consideration. Body built index was calculated in terms of endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy using the heath-carter anthropometric somatotype manual. Results: We found that amongst all those have ACL injury, endomorphy was higher grade (5.49), followed by mesomorphy (4.75). Lesser grades of ectomorphs i.e., slender people were having ACL injuries. Though there was low margin of grading between the two, endomorphy was higher in ACL injured people followed by mesomorphy. Conclusions: Endomorphs and mesomorphs have higher tendancy of ACL injury. Ectomorphs have lesser incidence of ACL injury

GLYCATION INHIBITORS AND PROBIOTICS CAN AMELIORATE THE CHANGES CAUSED BY HIGH FRUCTOSE FEED

Objective: To evaluate the use of protein glycation inhibitors and probiotics to ameliorate secondary complications in diabetes and to improve gut microbiota respectively in high fructose fed Wistar rat.Methods: The study was conducted on male Wistar rats for 7 d. Blood glucose levels in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured using glucometer, serum parameters were analyzed using commercial kits, antioxidant status was evaluated by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels, total reactive oxygen species were estimated using a fluorescent 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) dye, and tissue fluorescence of liver, kidney and intestine were measured using a spectrofluorimeter.Results: OGTT pattern shows significant increase in blood glucose of fructose fed rats i.e. 154 mg/dl while, in aminoguanidine (AMG) treated and gut microbiota modulated animals it is 137 and 119 mg/dl resp. after 30 min on glucose administration. Marked reduction was found in SOD 6.37 and 11.25 U/mg of protein and catalase 186 and 65.5 U/mg of protein in liver and kidney of fructose fed animals when compared to fructose+AMG and fructose+EUGI. There is 5-6 fold significant increase in general and specific tissue fluorescence of liver and kidney, and 2.2 fold increase in liver reactive oxygen species was observed in fructose fed group as compare to control animals. Significantly higher glycation was found in intestine of fructose fed animals (general fluorescence 2.1 and specific fluorescence 3.1 AU/mg), more than that of diabetic control rats (general fluorescence 0.9 and specific fluorescence 1.6 AU/mg), represented an evidence for adverse impact of excess fructose on healthy gut.Conclusion: The use of protein glycation inhibitor and use of pre and probiotics significantly improved the serum parameters and would prevent progression to secondary complications

HIV and cancer registry linkage identifies a substantial burden of cancers in persons with HIV in India.

We utilized computerized record-linkage methods to link HIV and cancer databases with limited unique identifiers in Pune, India, to determine feasibility of linkage and obtain preliminary estimates of cancer risk in persons living with HIV (PLHIV) as compared with the general population.Records of 32,575 PLHIV were linked to 31,754 Pune Cancer Registry records (1996-2008) using a probabilistic-matching algorithm. Cancer risk was estimated by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) in the early (4-27 months after HIV registration), late (28-60 months), and overall (4-60 months) incidence periods. Cancers diagnosed prior to or within 3 months of HIV registration were considered prevalent.Of 613 linked cancers to PLHIV, 188 were prevalent, 106 early incident, and 319 late incident. Incident cancers comprised 11.5% AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs), including cervical cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but not Kaposi sarcoma (KS), and 88.5% non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). Risk for any incident cancer diagnosis in early, late, and combined periods was significantly elevated among PLHIV (SIRs: 5.6 [95% CI 4.6-6.8], 17.7 [95% CI 15.8-19.8], and 11.5 [95% CI 10-12.6], respectively). Cervical cancer risk was elevated in both incidence periods (SIRs: 9.6 [95% CI 4.8-17.2] and 22.6 [95% CI 14.3-33.9], respectively), while NHL risk was elevated only in the late incidence period (SIR: 18.0 [95% CI 9.8-30.20]). Risks for NADCs were dramatically elevated (SIR > 100) for eye-orbit, substantially (SIR > 20) for all-mouth, esophagus, breast, unspecified-leukemia, colon-rectum-anus, and other/unspecified cancers; moderately elevated (SIR > 10) for salivary gland, penis, nasopharynx, and brain-nervous system, and mildly elevated (SIR > 5) for stomach. Risks for 6 NADCs (small intestine, testis, lymphocytic leukemia, prostate, ovary, and melanoma) were not elevated and 5 cancers, including multiple myeloma not seen.Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using probabilistic record-linkage to study cancer/other comorbidities among PLHIV in India and provides preliminary population-based estimates of cancer risks in PLHIV in India. Our results, suggesting a potentially substantial burden and slightly different spectrum of cancers among PLHIV in India, support efforts to conduct multicenter linkage studies to obtain precise estimates and to monitor cancer risk in PLHIV in India

Free vibration analysis of structural-acoustic coupled system using hybrid impedance and mobility approach

The present paper discusses impedance and mobility approach integrated with finite element method (FEM) for free vibration analysis of structural-acoustic coupled systems for irregular geometry. In this method, coupled natural frequencies of any irregular geometry with flexible surfaces with different boundary conditions can be estimated. The proposed hybrid method helps to understand the underlying physics of structural-acoustic coupling in complex geometries. The formulation being in impedance and mobility form, gives more insight in understanding coupled modes of the complex geometries. It is for three dimensional irregular geometries, so it can be used in most of the practical applications where coupled natural frequencies play a vital role. The proposed method is demonstrated for regular and irregular geometry with one wall flexible configuration. The results are corroborated with existing literature data for regular geometry and numerical models for irregular geometry

Bio-nanotechnology application in wastewater treatment

The nanoparticles have received high interest in the field of medicine and water purification, however, the nanomaterials produced by chemical and physical methods are considered hazardous, expensive, and leave behind harmful substances to the environment. This chapter aimed to focus on green-synthesized nanoparticles and their medical applications. Moreover, the chapter highlighted the applicability of the metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the inactivation of microbial cells due to their high surface and small particle size. Modifying nanomaterials produced by green-methods is safe, inexpensive, and easy. Therefore, the control and modification of nanoparticles and their properties were also discussed