La rédactologie : domaine, méthode et compétences

Une science se définit essentiellement par son objet, son domaine, sa méthode et l’ensemble des savoirs et savoir-faire qu’elle mobilise. La rédactolologie, étude des conduites scripturales, fait partie d’un conglomérat dynamique composé notamment de la terminologie, de la néologie et de la traductologie et formant, en quelque sorte, un noyau actif au centre d’un hyperespace rédactologique. Son champ méthodologique, également complexe, se structure autour de deux dimensions bipolaires fondamentales : la première dimension, relative à la forme du document, s’étend sur un axe « subnormé vs surnormé » ; la deuxième dimension, se rapportant au fond, s’étend sur un axe « expérientiel vs expérimental ». Il n’est donc pas surprenant, eu égard à l’étendue de son domaine et à la variété de sa méthode, que la rédactologie requière une nécessaire polyvalence et de très nombreuses compétences, parmi lesquelles l’aptitude à communiquer occupe une position centrale.A science is essentially defined by its object, domain, method, and all the knowledge and know-how it summons. The science of writing, as the study of scriptural behaviours, belongs to a dynamic assembly composed, among others, of terminology, neology and the science of translation. It somehow constitutes an active nucleus amidst a writing hyperspace. Its methodological area is equally complex and stretches between two basic poles - the first refers to the form of the document and ranges along a “sub- to super-normed” axis - the second pole refers to the content, and ranges along an “experiential vs experimental” axis. It then comes as no surprise that the science of writing, with its wide scope, the variety of its methods, necessarily requires a polyvalent approach and numerous skills, among which the ability to communicate holds a central position

Phytochemical profile and antioxidant properties of leaves extracts from Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile and their allelopathic potential on terrestrial plant species

Dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts obtained from Posidonia oceanica (L.) leaves, were examined in order to determine their total phenolic, flavonoid, flavonol, anthocyanin and condensed tannins contents as well as their antioxidant and allelopathic activities. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of crude extracts confirmed the presence of coumarins in dichloromethane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts. The antioxidant activity estimated using the DPPH assay was significantly more pronounced for the ethyl acetate extract (IC50 = 1.19±0.018 mg/mL) than that of the other extracts. The allelopathic effect against the seeds of Carum carvi (L.) and Foeniculum vulgare (Mill.) indicated that, depending on concentration, the extracts from the leaves of P. oceanic (L.) inhibited or stimulated at different concentrations the germination, shoot and root elongation of seedlings growth. The results of this study suggest that P. oceanica (L.) extracts could be useful as a natural source of health-promoting effects and herbicides.                     KEY WORDS: Posidonia oceanic (L.), Phytochemical profile, Phenolic compounds, Antioxidant activity, Carum carvi (L.), Foeniculum vulgare (Mill)   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(3), 437-447. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i3.

Dietary olive oil effect on antioxidant status and fatty acid profile in the erythrocyte of 2,4-D- exposed rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to the development of several diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the possible protective effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), lipophilic fraction (OOLF) and hydrophilic fraction (OOHF) on oxidative stress and fatty acid profile of erythrocytes in 2,4-D treated rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into eight groups: control (C), (2,4-D) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w., (2,4-D/EVOO) was given 2,4-D plus EVOO, (2,4-D/OOHF) that received 2,4-D plus hydrophilic fraction, (2,4-D/OOLF) treated with 2,4-D plus lipophilic fraction, (EVOO) that received only EVOO, (OOHF) was given hydrophilic fraction and (OOLF) treated with lipophilic fraction. These components were daily administered by gavages for 4 weeks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>2,4-D treatment lead to decrease of antioxidant enzyme activities, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) associated with a higher amount of MDA level. Erythrocyte membranes' fatty acid composition was also significantly modified with 2,4-D exposure. EVOO and hydrophilic fraction supplemented to rats with or not 2,4-D treatment enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the MDA level. However, lipophilic fraction did not show any improvement in oxidative damage induced by 2,4-D in spite its richness in MUFA and vitamins.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>EVOO administered to 2,4-D-treated rats protected erythrocyte membranes against oxidative damage by means of preventing excessive lipid peroxidation to increase the MUFA composition and increase maintaining antioxidants enzymes at normal concentrations.</p

Effects of olive oil and its fractions on oxidative stress and the liver's fatty acid composition in 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-treated rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Olive oil's beneficial effects are not only related to its high content of oleic acid, but also to the antioxidant potential of its polyphenols. In this study, we assess the effects of virgin olive oil and its fractions on 2,4-D- induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups of ten each: (C) a control group, (D) group that received 2,4-D (5 mg/kg b.w.), (D/EVOO) group treated with 2,4-D plus extra virgin olive oil, (D/OOHF) group that received 2,4-D plus hydrophilic fraction, (D/OOLF) group treated with 2,4-D plus lipophilic fraction, (EVOO) group that received only extra virgin olive oil, (OOHF) group given hydrophilic fraction and (OOLF) group treated with lipophilic fraction. These components were daily administered by gavage for 4 weeks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A significant liver damage was observed in rats treated with 2,4-D via increased serum levels of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, hepatic lipid peroxidation and decreased hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. The liver's fatty acid composition was also significantly modified with 2,4-D exposure. However, extra virgin olive oil and hydrophilic fraction intake during 2,4-D treatment induced a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities and a decrease in the conjugated dienes (CD) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) levels in the liver. The lipophilic fraction supplemented to 2,4-D- treated rats did not show any improvement in the liver oxidative status while a marked improvement was detected in the hepatic fatty acid composition of rats supplemented with olive oil and the two fractions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We concluded that the protective effect of olive oil against oxidative damage induced by 2,4-D is mainly related to the antioxidant potential of its hydrophilic fraction.</p

New Energy Calibration of the CMAM 5MV Tandem Accelerator

Abstract Ion accelerators are fundamental in the ongoing research on materials for future energy sources, being the primary tool for understanding the behaviour of different classes of materials (functional, structural, diagnostic) under e.g. the intense radiation expected in fission reactors or the critical thermal operational conditions in IV generation fission reactors. The relevance of ion accelerators research extends straightforwardly to the modification and analysis of materials to be used in future developments of diverse non-nuclear sources like photovoltaic, fuel batteries, etc. From the analytical point of view, the energy of the accelerated ion needs, in many cases, to be known with a precision higher than e.g. the width of reaction resonances that are used for controlling either the yield of a reaction or the penetration depth of the ion, imposing a calibration of the accelerator terminal voltage. This paper reports on the new energy calibration performed for the 5 MV CMAM tandem accelerator

Phytochemical profile and antioxidant capacity of virgin olive oil obtained from the olive cultivar 'Roghiani' from different regions of northern Libya

The aim of this work was to determine the fatty acids (FA), tocopherols, phenols, and antioxidant capacity (AC) of five virgin olive oils (VOO) obtained from the olive cultivar 'Roghiani', from different regions of northern Libya during the crop year 2015. The parameters determined for the oils were investigated for the first time. Seven principal FAs were detected in the VOO samples. Oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were the dominant ones. The highest percentage of palmitic acid was found in Tripoli VOO (P lt = 0.05). Oleic acid was dominant in all the VOO samples. Gharyan VOO possessed the highest value of oleic acid, O/L ratio, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), total phenols content (TPC), total tocopherol and tocotrienol contents (TTC), and AC(DPPH)% (P lt = 0.05). A strong positive relationship between TPC and (AC) as (1/EC50DPPH) was observed, (r) was +0.831. On the other hand, (1/EC50DPPH) showed a positive correlation with TTC, (r) was +0.768