The effect of laser pan-retinal photocoagulation with or without intravitreal bevacizumab injections on the OCT-measured macular choroidal thickness of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of laser pan-retinal photocoagulation with or without intravitreal bevacizumab injections on macular choroidal thickness parameters in eyes with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: High-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients undergoing laser treatment were prospectively enrolled in this study. One eye was randomly selected for laser treatment combined with bevacizumab injections, study group, whereas the corresponding eye was subjected to laser treatment alone, control group. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging was used to measure the macular choroidal thickness prior to and 1 month after treatment. Measurements in both groups were compared. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01389505. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (38 eyes) with a mean±standard deviation age of 53.4±9.3 years were evaluated, and choroidal thickness measurements for 15 patients were used for comparison. The greatest measurement before treatment was the subfoveal choroidal thickness (341.68±67.66 μm and 345.79±83.66 μm for the study and control groups, respectively). No significant difference between groups was found in terms of macular choroidal thickness measurements at baseline or after treatment. However, within-group comparisons revealed a significant increase in choroidal thickness parameters in 10 measurements in the study group and in only 5 temporal measurements in the control group when 1-month follow-up measurements were compared to baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: The macular choroidal thickness does not appear to be significantly influenced by laser treatment alone but increases significantly when associated with bevacizumab injections in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Because bevacizumab injections reduce short-term laser pan-retinal photocoagulation-induced macular edema, our findings suggest that the choroid participates in its pathogenesis

PIBID OF HISTORY UFT ARAGUAINE: A LOOK AT THE CONSTRUCTION OF PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE

O presente trabalho tem como finalidade compreender como é o processo de construção do conhecimento pedagógico de conteúdo na visão dos bolsistas do Programa de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) de História, da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Campus de Araguaína. Em uma perspectiva qualitativa, buscou-se compreender como esse processo é construído a partir dos fundamentos de Lee Shulman, Maria da Graça Mizukami e Selva Guimarães Fonseca, que possibilitaram a análise de um questionário aplicado, a fim de identificar como os bolsistas percebem a importância desse saber docente. Os resultados evidenciaram que os bolsistas estão construindo tal saber e reconheceram a sua importância na formação, enquanto futuros professores. A pesquisa indicou ainda que essa construção se deve muito ao Pibid, por sua significativa contribuição no processo de formação de docentes críticos de sua prática. O Pibid tem estreitado laços entre a escola e a universidade e isso enriquece muito os envolvidos pela oportunidade de vivenciarem seu futuro campo de trabalho, a escola.The present work aims to understand how the process of construction of the pedagogical content knowledge, in the vision of the scholarship program of the Programa de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) History, of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Campus of Araguaína. In a qualitative perspective, we sought to understand how this process is constructed from the foundations of Lee Shulman, Maria da Graça Mizukami and Selva Guimarães Fonseca that made possible an analysis of an applied questionnaire, an aim to identify how the scholarship holders perceive the importance of this teaching knowledge. The results showed that scholars are building such knowledge and recognized their importance in training as future teachers. This research also indicated that this construction is due to Pibid, for its significant contribution in the process of training critical teachers of its practice. The Pibid has approached school and university and this greatly enriches those involved by the opportunity to experience their future field of work, which is the school

Evaluation of cardiovascular risk cccording to the Framingham criteria in adults

Objective: To estimate the risk of a major cardiovascular event within a 10-year period, as well as identify associated risk factors in adults from Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study applying the Framingham score in 358 adults from Tubarão, Santa Catarina. We aimed to assess the degree of risk and its correlation with variables that may influence cardiovascular risk, such as alcoholism, sedentariness, lifestyle, educational level, in addition to sex, age and smoking habits. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square test (÷2) and Fisher’s exact test. The prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association. Results: Among the 358 people surveyed, most were women, Caucasian (87%), with schooling higher than eight years of study (51%), with a steady partner (68.7%), sedentary (60.6%), non-smokers (69.3%), and non-users of alcohol (91.8%). The prevalence of obesity was 26.5%. The mean risk percentage was 2.6% ± 3.7%, with most subjects reaching the low-risk category (94.9%). Male gender (PR = 1.13 [1.07 to 1.20] p <0.001), advanced age (PR = 1.01 [1.00 to 1.01] p = 0.012) and educational level (PR = 0, 99 [0.98 to 1.00] p = 0.039) were factors associated with medium and high risk for cardiovascular events regardless of the outcome. Conclusion: The studied population had a low risk for cardiovascular events. However, the association between potentially modifiable moderate and high risk factors suggests that modification of lifestyle should happen early in this population in order to reduce cardiovascular risks.Objetivo: Estimar o risco de ocorrência de evento cardiovascular nos próximos 10 anos, bem como identificar os fatores associados em indivíduos adultos de Tubarão, Santa Catarina. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado estudo transversal, de base populacional, aplicando-se o escore de Framingham, em amostra randomizada de 358 adultos de Tubarão, Santa Catarina, para avaliação do grau de risco e sua associação com variáveis que podem influenciar esse risco cardiovascular, como alcoolismo, sedentarismo, nível de escolaridade, além das já previstas no escore, como sexo, idade e tabagismo. Os testes de significância usados foram o teste chi-quadrado de Pearson, e o teste exato de Fisher. Razão de prevalência foi utilizada como medida de associação. Resultados: Dos 358 indivíduos analisados, 64,8% eram de mulheres, da cor branca (87%), com escolaridade superior a oito anos de estudo (51%), com companheiro fixo (68,7%), sedentários (60,6%), não tabagistas (69,3%) e não alcoolistas (91,8%). A prevalência de obesidade foi de 26,5%. O risco percentual médio foi 2,6% ± 3,7%, sendo 94,9% situando-se na categoria de baixo risco. Sexo masculino (RP=1,13 [1,07-1,20] p<0,001), idade avançada (RP=1,01 [1,00-1,01] p=0,012) foram fatores associados ao médio e ao alto risco cardiovascular de forma independente ao desfecho, enquanto a maior escolaridade se comportou como fator de proteção (RP=0,99 [0,98-1,00] p=0,039). Conclusão: A população estudada apresentou baixo risco para eventos cardiovasculares. Porém, a associação de fatores de risco potencialmente modificáveis com moderado e alto risco sugere que a modificação do estilo de vida de maneira precoce deve acontecer nessa população, para redução do risco cardiovascularFAPES

The effect of laser pan-retinal photocoagulation with or without intravitreal bevacizumab injections on the OCT-measured macular choroidal thickness of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of laser pan-retinal photocoagulation with or without intravitreal bevacizumab injections on macular choroidal thickness parameters in eyes with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: High-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients undergoing laser treatment were prospectively enrolled in this study. One eye was randomly selected for laser treatment combined with bevacizumab injections, study group, whereas the corresponding eye was subjected to laser treatment alone, control group. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging was used to measure the macular choroidal thickness prior to and 1 month after treatment. Measurements in both groups were compared. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01389505. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (38 eyes) with a mean±standard deviation age of 53.4±9.3 years were evaluated, and choroidal thickness measurements for 15 patients were used for comparison. The greatest measurement before treatment was the subfoveal choroidal thickness (341.68±67.66 μm and 345.79±83.66 μm for the study and control groups, respectively). No significant difference between groups was found in terms of macular choroidal thickness measurements at baseline or after treatment. However, within-group comparisons revealed a significant increase in choroidal thickness parameters in 10 measurements in the study group and in only 5 temporal measurements in the control group when 1-month follow-up measurements were compared to baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: The macular choroidal thickness does not appear to be significantly influenced by laser treatment alone but increases significantly when associated with bevacizumab injections in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Because bevacizumab injections reduce short-term laser pan-retinal photocoagulation-induced macular edema, our findings suggest that the choroid participates in its pathogenesis

Overweight and obesity in children of different socioeconomic levels

Excess weight is associated with various factors, including socioeconomic level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between overweight and obesity and socioeconomic level in children aged 6.0-7.9 years from Maringá, Paraná. Body mass index (BMI) was used for the assessment of nutritional status. Family socioeconomic status was classified based on the proposal of the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (ABEP), and the originally proposed classes were regrouped into high (A1, A2, and B1), medium (B2, C1, and C2) and low (D and E) socioeconomic level. The data were analyzed statistically with the SPSS 13.0 program using nonparametric tests and odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 1,634 children from 24 public and private schools (mean age: 7.1 ± 0.5 years, 50.8% girls) were studied. No significant difference in BMI was observed between boys and girls with overweight and obesity. The prevalence of excess weight (overweight + obesity) was 22.3% and 21.9% among boys and girls, respectively. There was no significant association between excess weight and gender. However, children of high socioeconomic level had a 28% higher chance of excess weight than those of low level. In conclusion, in this study both boys and girls were equally affected by excess weight, with a higher prevalence among boys. Children from families of lower socioeconomic levels presented a lower chance of excess weight