Statistical Properties of Distribution of Solid Particles at the Bottom Setting in Turbulent Shear Flow

In this paper the behaviors of settling particles in turbulent shear flow are investigated and the statistical properties of distribution of the particles at the bottom are obtained experimentally and theoretically. For the properties of distribution of the particles, the mean settling length of the particle, that is, the mean value of the streamwisely transporte length of the particle, and the standard deviation of the settling length are considered. These statistical properties are obtained by experiment and the trajectories of the settling particles are photographed by storoboscopic light. Then, on the basis of these experimental results, the stochastic models for the behaviors of the settling particles are developed. These models can explain well the actual phenomena, and it is found that these stochastic models are to be pertinent. Problems to be solved in the future are discussed

Evaluating the impact of human flow on the spread of infectious diseases

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An effect of consumer\u27s earlier decision to purchase a discount ticket

In this article, we consider how effect consumer\u27s earlier decision to purchase a discount ticket will have on the competition, price and timetable, between airlines. We focus on a relationship between consumer\u27s purchasing behavior and a competition between airlines. We consider that a consumer can purchase a ticket two times, i.e. ex-ante and ex-post, corresponding to this timing, airlines also can set their prices of tickets. The main conclusion highlighted by this article is that, in a subgame perfect equilibrium, each airline\u27s expected profit is unique and timetable is socially optimal regardless to a consumer\u27s purchasing behavior