4 research outputs found
Impact of neonatal total parenteral nutrition and early glucose-enriched diet on glucose metabolism and physical phenotypes in Guinea Pig
Les oxydants infusés avec la nutrition parentéral (NP) néonatale induisent une modification
du métabolisme des lipides et du glucose, donnant lieu à l’âge adulte à un
phénotype de carence énergétique (faible poids, baisse de l’activité physique). L’hypothèse
qu’une diète précoce riche en glucose prévient ces symptômes plus tard dans la
vie, fut évalué chez le cobaye par un ANOVA en plan factoriel complet à deux facteurs
(p < 0:05) : NP du jour 3 à 7, suivit d’une nourriture régulière (chow) (NP+)
vs. chow à partir du 3ième jour (NP-), combiné avec une eau de consommation enrichie
en glucose (G+) ou non (G-) à partir de la 3ième semaine. Les paramètres suivant
ont été mesurés à l’âge de 9 semaine: taux de croissance, activité physique, activité de
phosphofructokinase-1 et glucokinase (GK), niveau hépatique de glucose-6-phosphate
(G6P), glycogène, pyruvate et potentiel redox du glutathion, poids du foie, glycémie, tolérance
au glucose, concentrations hépatiques et plasmatiques en triacylglycérides (TG)
et cholestérol. Le groupe G+ (vs. G-) avait un taux de croissance plus bas, une activité
de GK et une concentration en G6P plus élevée, et un potentiel redox plus bas (moins
oxydé). Le niveau plasmatique de TG était moins élevé dans le groupe NP+ (vs. NP-).
Les traitements n’eurent aucun effet sur les autres paramètres. Ces résultats suggèrent
qu’indépendamment de la NP, une alimentation riche en glucose stimule la glycolyse et
déplace l’état redox vers un statut plus réduit, mais ne surmonte pas les effets de la NP
sur le phénotype physique de carence énergétique.Neonatal exposure to oxidant molecules from total parenteral nutrition (TPN) alters
future lipid and glucose metabolism, resulting in an energy deficient phenotype characterized
by lower body weight and physical activity. Using a guinea-pig model, the hypothesis
that early diet supplementation with glucose could overcome such symptoms at week
9 of age was tested in a two-factor full-factorial ANOVA design (p<0:05): TPN day 3-7,
chow thereafter (TPN+) vs: chow from day 3 (TPN-), combined with glucose-enriched
diet from week 3 (G+) vs: plain chow throughout (G-). The growth rate, physical activity,
phosphofructose kinase-1 and glucose kinase (GK) activities, glucose-6-phosphate
(G6P), glycogen and pyruvate concentrations, relative liver weight, fasting blood glucose,
glucose tolerance, hepatic and plasma triacylglyceride and cholesterol levels, individual
glutathione levels and GSH/GSSG-based redox potential were determined at 9
weeks. Glucose supplementation (vs: the lack thereof) resulted in a lower growth rate,
higher GK activity, and higher G6P concentration at week 9. Plasma triacylglycerides
at week 9 were lower in TPN+ (vs: TPN-) subjects. Hepatic GSH=GSSG-derived redox
potential shifted to a more reduced state in G+ (vs: G-) subjects. No other parameters
showed significant differences. Independently of TPN, an early glucose-rich diet stimulated
the glycolysis pathway, shifted the redox potential towards a more reduced status ;
however, it did not overcome the effects of TPN on future physical and metabolic phenotype
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Effects of grain source and processing methods on the nutritional profile and digestibility of grain amaranth
Amaranth grain is reputed to have a high nutritional value, and as a plant, be tolerant to adverse weather conditions. This suggests that grain amaranth could be useful in tackling malnutrition and the growing burden of cardiometabolic diseases. However, there is insufficient knowledge at present about how the nutrient composition and digestibility of amaranth grain varies with growing environment, crop genotype, and post-harvest processing. We investigated the effect of the source and processing of amaranth grains on the digestibility of protein and lipid present in the grains. There was variation in the composition and digestibility of raw grains from different sources, indicating a role of genotype and/or growing environment which warrants further investigation. The greatest differences in digestibility were measured between the different processing techniques. This indicates that efforts to increase the cultivation and consumption of grain amaranth need to be supported by education about effective processing and preparation techniques