After-Images: Trauma, History and Connection in the Photography of Alfredo Jaar

In 1994, Alfredo Jaar, a Chilean photographer and installation artist based in New York, went to Rwanda to collect first-hand testimonies of the genocide that was then taking place there. His presence constituted not merely an observation of events taking place, but also a profound personal involvement with the people and places that he encountered. The result, upon his return from Rwanda, was the Rwanda Project 1994-2000, an installation that sought to reverse objectifying tendencies in photojournalism through an intensely personal and subjective meditation on violence, loss and trauma. This paper seeks to explore the notion of the after-image. By this, I mean the power of certain images to follow us and impose upon us, as viewers, an agency and a historical imperative that is theirs. I shall do so by tracing this attempt by Jaar to counter what is often referred to as ‘victim photography’ and to offer, instead, the space of the photograph as one of historical reconstruction and connection. In this sense, Jaar’s work sheds light upon the otherwise largely neglected context of Rwanda and works against the silence and invisibility of those who survived the genocide that took place there. In its attempt to mediate memory, Jaar’s work crosses temporal and spatial boundaries. Thus, if photography is most obviously about loss and the death of the moment, then in Jaar’s work, we also encounter a reversal of the same, whereby the subjects of his images transpose to viewers reverberations of their silenced histories. Keywords: photography, trauma, memory, silence, afterimage Resumen En 1994, Alfredo Jaar, fotógrafo y artista de instalaciones chileno, afincado en Nueva York, viajó a Ruanda para recopilar testimonios personales del genocidio que entonces ocurría allí. Su presencia suponía no sólo una observación de los acontecimientos, sino también una profunda participación personal, llegando a involucrarse con los pueblos y lugares que llegó a conocer. Al regresar de Ruanda, el resultado fue el Proyecto Ruanda 1994-2000, una instalación artística que procuraba invertir las tendencias objetivizantes del fotoperiodismo mediante una reflexión intensamente personal y subjetiva sobre la violencia, la muerte y el trauma. Este artículo intenta explorar el concepto de la posimagen. Con este término, me refiero al poder de ciertas imágenes de seguirnos e imponernos, como espectadores, una agencia y un imperativo histórico que les son propios. Aquí trazaré el intento por parte de Jaar de contrarrestar lo que a menudo se conoce como “fotografía de víctimas” y de ofrecer, en cambio, el espacio de la fotografía para la reconstrucción y la conexión históricas. En este sentido, la obra de Jaar arroja luz sobre el contexto altamente obviado de Ruanda y lucha contra el silencio y la invisibilidad de los que sobrevivieron el genocidio que ocurrió allí. En su tentativa de mediar la memoria, la obra de Jaar atraviesa fronteras espaciales y temporales. Así, si lo más evidente es que la fotografía tiene que ver con la pérdida y la muerte del momento, entonces en la obra de Jaar encontramos una inversión de esto, por lo cual los sujetos de sus imágenes transponen las reverberaciones de sus historias silenciadas a los espectadores. Palabras clave: fotografía, trauma, memoria, silencio, pos-image

The United Nations University Institute on Globalization, Culture and MObility (UNU-GCM) in Barcelona: Mission and vision

L'Institut de Globalització, Cultura i Mobilitat de la Universitat de les Nacions Unides (UNU-GCM), amb seu al pavelló de Sant Manuel del complex modernista de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona, és l'institut més recent, fins ara, de la Universitat de les Nacions Unides (UNU) i l'únic al sud d'Europa. La UNU consisteix en un conjunt d'instituts de recerca i formació escampats per tot el món que actuen a la vegada com a laboratoris d'idees (think tank) i centres de formació de postgrau, amb la central al Japó. La missió de la UNU-GCM és contribuir a la bona governança, a la diversitat cultural, a la democràcia i als drets humans a través d'una millor comprensió de la mobilitat i la diversitat culturals en el context de la globalització. Així, se centra en els principals fenòmens culturals i socials de la migració i els mitjans de comunicació com a segells distintius de l'era de la globalització. L'Institut té com a objectiu fomentar la investigació d'avantguarda en aquestes àrees, tant a escala global com local, tenint en compte conceptes culturals com ara les fronteres, el gènere o les connexions transnacionals. La UNU-GCM pretén amb això donar suport a l'assoliment dels Objectius de Desenvolupament del Mil·leni, en particular els d'igualtat de gènere i la noció d'una aliança global per al desenvolupament.Based in Barcelona, in the Sant Manuel Pavilion of the Sant Pau Art Nouveau Site, the United Nations University Institute on Globalization, Culture and Mobility (UNU-GCM) is the newest institute to date of the United Nations University (UNU) and the only one in southern Europe. The UNU, which consists of a globally dispersed set of research and training institutes, is a global think tank and postgraduate teaching organisation headquartered in Japan. The mission of the UNU-GCM is to contribute to good governance, cultural diversity, democracy and human rights through a better understanding of cultural mobility and diversity in the context of globalisation. Its focus is thus on the major cultural and social phenomena of migration and media, as hallmarks of the era of globalisation. The institute aims to foster cutting-edge research in these areas at global and local levels through the lens of key cultural concepts, such as borders, gender and transnational connections. The UNU-GCM thereby also aims to support the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, in particular those of gender equality and the notion of development as a global partnership

Model International Mobility Convention

While people are as mobile as they ever were in our globalized world, the movement of people across borders lacks global regulation. This leaves many refugees in protracted displacement and many migrants unprotected in irregular and dire situations. Meanwhile, some states have become concerned that their borders have become irrelevant. International mobility—the movement of individuals across borders for any length of time as visitors, students, tourists, labor migrants, entrepreneurs, long-term residents, asylum seekers, or refugees—has no common definition or legal framework. To address this key gap in international law, and the growing gaps in protection and responsibility that are leaving people vulnerable, the "Model International Mobility Convention" proposes a framework for mobility with the goals of reaffirming the existing rights afforded to mobile people (and the corresponding rights and responsibilities of states) as well as expanding those basic rights where warranted. In 213 articles divided over eight chapters, the Convention establishes both the minimum rights afforded to all people who cross state borders as visitors, and the special rights afforded to tourists, students, migrant workers, investors and residents, forced migrants, refugees, migrant victims of trafficking and migrants caught in countries in crisis. Some of these categories are covered by existing international legal regimes. However, in this Convention these groups are for the first time brought together under a single framework. An essential feature of the Convention is that it is cumulative. This means, for the most part, that the chapters build on and add rights to the set of rights afforded to categories of migrants covered by earlier chapters. The Convention contains not only provisions that afford rights to migrants and, to a lesser extent, States (such as the right to decide who can enter and remain in their territory). It also articulates the responsibilities of migrants vis-à-vis States and the rights and responsibilities of different institutions that do not directly respond to a right held by migrants

Culture Conversion in Patients Treated with Bedaquiline and/or Delamanid. A Prospective Multicountry Study.

Rationale: Bedaquiline and delamanid offer the possibility of more effective and less toxic treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB). With this treatment, however, some patients remain at high risk for an unfavorable treatment outcome. The endTB Observational Study is the largest multicountry cohort of patients with rifampin-resistant TB or MDR-TB treated in routine care with delamanid- and/or bedaquiline-containing regimens according to World Health Organization guidance.Objectives: We report the frequency of sputum culture conversion within 6 months of treatment initiation and the risk factors for nonconversion.Methods: We included patients with a positive baseline culture who initiated a first endTB regimen before April 2018. Two consecutive negative cultures collected 15 days or more apart constituted culture conversion. We used generalized mixed models to derive marginal predictions for the probability of culture conversion in key subgroups.Measurements and Main Results: A total of 1,109 patients initiated a multidrug treatment containing bedaquiline (63%), delamanid (27%), or both (10%). Of these, 939 (85%) experienced culture conversion within 6 months. In adjusted analyses, patients with HIV had a lower probability of conversion (0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.84) than patients without HIV (0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.90; P = 0.03). Patients with both cavitary disease and highly positive sputum smear had a lower probability of conversion (0.68; 95% CI, 0.57-0.79) relative to patients without either (0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.95; P = 0.0004). Hepatitis C infection, diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance, and baseline resistance were not associated with conversion.Conclusions: Frequent sputum conversion in patients with rifampin-resistant TB or MDR-TB who were treated with bedaquiline and/or delamanid underscores the need for urgent expanded access to these drugs. There is a need to optimize treatment for patients with HIV and extensive disease

The United Nations University Institute on Globalization, Culture and Mobility (UNU-GCM) in Barcelona: Mission and vision

Based in Barcelona, in the Sant Manuel Pavilion of the Sant Pau Art Nouveau Site, the United Nations University Institute on Globalization, Culture and Mobility (UNU-GCM) is the newest institute to date of the United Nations University (UNU) and the only one in southern Europe. The UNU, which consists of a globally dispersed set of research and training institutes, is a global think tank and postgraduate teaching organisation headquartered in Japan. The mission of the UNU-GCM is to contribute to good governance, cultural diversity, democracy and human rights through a better understanding of cultural mobility and diversity in the context of globalisation. Its focus is thus on the major cultural and social phenomena of migration and media, as hallmarks of the era of globalisation. The institute aims to foster cutting-edge research in these areas at global and local levels through the lens of key cultural concepts, such as borders, gender and transnational connections. The UNU-GCM thereby also aims to support the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, in particular those of gender equality and the notion of development as a global partnership.Keywords: culture · mobility · migration · diversity · globalisationL’Institut de Globalització, Cultura i Mobilitat de la Universitat de les Nacions Unides (UNU-GCM), amb seu al pavelló de Sant Manuel del complex modernista de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona, és l’institut més recent, fins ara, de la Universitat de les Nacions Unides (UNU) i l’únic al sud d’Europa. La UNU consisteix en un conjunt d’instituts de recerca i formació escampats per tot el món que actuen a la vegada com a laboratoris d’idees (think tank) i centres de formació de postgrau, amb la central al Japó. La missió de la UNU-GCM és contribuir a la bona governança, a la diversitat cultural, a la democràcia i als drets humans a través d’una millor comprensió de la mobilitat i la diversitat culturals en el context de la globalització. Així, se centra en els principals fenòmens culturals i socials de la migració i els mitjans de comunicació com a segells distintius de l’era de la globalització. L’Institut té com a objectiu fomentar la investigació d’avantguarda en aquestes àrees, tant a escala global com local, tenint en compte conceptes culturals com ara les fronteres, el gènere o les connexions transnacionals. La UNU-GCM pretén amb això donar suport a l’assoliment dels Objectius de Desenvolupament del Mil·leni, en particular els d’igualtat de gènere i la noció d’una aliança global per al desenvolupament.Paraules clau: cultura · mobilitat · migració · diversitat · globalitzaci&oacute

The Regard of the Gypsy: Ramón Zabalza’s gitano images and the visual challenge to the stereotype

In sharp reversal of the orientalist image that adorns its front cover of impoverished gypsy caravans caught in a thunder storm, a jagged bolt of lightening cracking the darkened sky above and casting its desolate, silver light onto the scant earth below – an image which in the barrenness of its landscape and the darkness of its skies immediately seems to confirm the dramatically obscure and marginal position assigned to the gypsy in the modern, western imaginary – Ramón Zabalza’s book Imágenes gitanas (1995) has the stated aim of recounting a particular, individual perspective of gitano identity

Configuring community Theories, narratives and practices of community identities in contemporary Spain

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN058892 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Migration, Pandemic and Responses from the Third Sector: Lessons from Brazil and India [Report]

Marcia Vera Espinoza - ORCID: 0000-0001-6238-7683 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6238-7683Item not available in this repository.https://www.qmul.ac.uk/gpi/projects/migpanbrin/research-findings/pubpu